1. Define Operating System. Give three examples of operating systems.

An Operating System is a software which performs all the basic tasks like booting the computer, file management,
memory management, process management, and controlling peripheral devices such as hard disk, printer, etc. It
manages computer resources efficiently.
EXAMPLES: DOS, Windows, Linux, Android, Mac OS and IOS.
2. List the functions of an OS? Write about any two.
Function of Operating System Operating System performs the following functions.
(i) Booting
Booting is a process of starting the computer operating system. It checks the computer resources and makes it
ready to perform different tasks.
(ii) Resource Management
Operating system manages all the hardware and software resources. This includes allocation and de-allocation of
processor, memory, access to shared cache memory and network resources.
(iii) User Interface or Command Interpreter
Command interpreter reads the commands from user, interprets and translates them into machine language
instructions that the computer hardware can understand.
(iv) Memory Management
Memory management module performs the task of allocation and de-allocation of memory space to programs and
data in need of these resources.
(v) Input / Output (I/O) Management
An Operating System provides the device driver to facilitate I/O functions involving I/O devices.
These device drivers are software that control I/O devices through their controllers.
(vi) File Management It manages all the file-related activities such as organization storage, retrieval, naming,
sharing, and protection of files.
(vii) Process Management
Process management manages creation, deletion, suspension and resumption of processes. CPU loads program
code into a computer's memory for execution. In a multiprogramming system, a number of computing processes
will be used. The OS decides the order in which processes have access to the processor, and how much processing
time each process should get. This function of OS is called process scheduling.
(viii) User Management: User management describes the ability of administrators to control user access to various
computer resources like software, I/O devices, storage system, networks, etc.
3. Differentiate between CLI and GUI. Write any two benefits of each.
CLI GUI
1. Command line interface enables a user to Graphical User interface permits a user to interact
communicate with the system through with the system by using graphics which includes
commands. images, icons, etc.
2. CLI requires a keyboard to work. GUI systems require mouse and keyboard.
3. Hard to perform an operation and require Easy to perform tasks and does not require
expertise. expertise.
4. CLI systems are inflexible. GUI has the advantage over flexibility.
5. CLI needs lesser system resources and space. GUI consumes more system space.
6. CLI appearance could not be changed. GUI appearance is adjustable.
7. Speed is fast. Speed is low.
8. Memory consumption is Low Memory consumption is high.
4. Which resources are managed by Resource Management function of OS?
Operating system manages all the hardware and software resources. Resource Management includes allocation and
de-allocation of processor, memory, access to shared cache memory and network resources. The operating system
collects all the resources in the network environment and allocates the resources to request process in an efficient
manner.
5. What is the difference between single user and multi user OS?
Single-User Operating System Multi-User Operating System
1. An operating system that allows a single user to perform A Multi-User Operating System is a system that
only one task at a time is called a Single-User Operating allows more than one user to access a computer
System. system at one time.
2. Single user single task OS and single user multi-task OS Timesharing OS and Distributed OS are some
are two types of single user OS. types of multiuser OS.
3. Single user OS is simple Multiuser OS is complex
4. DOS for PCs and Windows 98, Windows 7, Windows 10 Linux and UNIX are the most common examples of
for PCs are example of single user operating system. the multi-user operating system.
6. What is the purpose of office automation software? With examples.
• Office automation software is a group of computer programs.
• The purpose of Office automation software is to help user in their daily work.
• Office automation makes it possible for business organizations to improve their productivity and recognize
easier ways to do business in profits.
• Office automation systems help in optimizing the existing office procedures by saving time, money and
human efforts
EXAMPLES OF OFFICE AUTOMATION SOFTWARE:
• Word processing software: enable us to prepare a document, also called electronic type writers. For example,
MS Word.
• Spreadsheet software: make use of calculations, help us to create graphs e.g., MS- Excel.
• Data base software: They are used to organize, calculate and draw conclusions from large organizational data
e.g. MS Access
• Desktop publishing software: is used for publishing. They are used to produce quality output such as
magazines, posters etc.
• Multimedia Presentation software: They enable us to create presentations e.g. MS-PowerPoint etc.
• Email application: MS Outlook allows you to send and receive email messages, manage your calendar, store
names and numbers of your contacts, and track your tasks.
7. List the programs available in MS Office and write why each program is used? The following are the
programs available in MS office Programs/software and their uses
1. Word processing software: enable us to prepare a document, also called electronic type writers. For
example, MS Word.
2. Spreadsheet software: make use of calculations, help us to create graphs e.g., MS- Excel.
3. Data base software: They are used to organize, calculate and draw conclusions from large organizational
data e.g. MS Access
4. Desktop publishing software: is used for publishing. They are used to produce quality output such as
magazines, posters etc.
5. Multimedia Presentation software: They enable us to create presentations e.g. MS-PowerPoint etc.
6. Email application: MS Outlook allows you to send and receive email messages, manage your calendar, store
names and numbers of your contacts, and track your tasks.
8. What is the major difference between Soft Real Time and Hard Real Time systems?
Soft Real Time System Hard Real Time System
1. Time constraint(limit) is less strict. Hard response time is required.
2. The meeting of deadline is not compulsory for each System should meet the deadline
task, every time.
3. A critical real-time task gets priority over other tasks A Hard Real Time System guarantees that
until it completes. It does not guarantee that task critical tasks complete on time, even the
will be completed in defined time but before a shortest delay or urgency is not acceptable.
certain time and according to the priority.
4. Soft real-time systems are more flexible. Hard real-time systems have little laxity.
9. Why it is important to install an antivirus? Importance of Antivirus software:
1. Antivirus software secures data from being corrupted, which will save a lot of time and effort.
2. Antivirus software can speed up your computer
3. It can safe and secure shared networks from virus attacks such as Trojan Horses.
4. Antivirus is most important because it can save a lot of money as well
Installing Antivirus
To keep our computer secure and free from viruses, we need to install an antivirus software. A number of free
antivirus software are available online. AVG, Avast, Avira and Kaspersky are some of the free antivirus software.
Most important component of an antivirus software is the virus database which antivirus software updates time to
time. We must update our virus database for preventing virus threats.
10. How many types of Operating System are there? Name them.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
The Operating System can be categorized as under:
1. Single User and Multi-User OS
2. Batch Processing OS
3. Time Sharing OS
4. Real Time OS
11. What is Batch Processing Operating System? Show its diagram.
Batch Processing Operating System
Batch Processing is used for programs that are executed with
minimum human interaction. It does not interact with the computer
directly. Each user prepares his job and submits it to the computer
operator. To speed up processing; jobs with similar needs are batched
together and run as a group by an operator. The main function of a
batch processing system is to automatically keep executing the jobs in
a batch.
The benefits of batch processing are:
1. Batch systems can be shared by multiple users.
2. The idle time for batch system is very less.
3. Next job starts just after the current one.
12. Define term time sharing? What is Time Sharing OS? Show its diagram.
Time Sharing
Time sharing is a method that allows multiple users to share resources
simultaneously. Multiple users can use specific computer at the same
time in different places. Time Sharing Operating System
A time-sharing operating system is that in which from many tasks each
task is given some time to execute so that all processes run smoothly
without any problem. Multiple jobs are executed by the CPU by
switching between them.
Example, in a transaction processing, the processor executes each user
program in a short time. These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems. The task can be from single user or
from different users also. The time that each task gets to execute is called quantum. After this time interval is over
OS switches over to next task.
13. What is Real Time Processing Operating System (RT)? Define its types?
A Real Time Processing Operating System is a time bound operating system which has fixed time limit. Processing has
to be done within the defined time limit otherwise system will be failed.
Types Of Real Time Processing Operating System Real Time Process System
classified into two parts:
Hard Real Time System: A Hard Real Time System guarantees that critical tasks complete on time, even the shortest
delay or urgency is not acceptable. Here system should meet the deadline.
Examples: Missile systems and Air Traffic Control
Soft Real Time System: In this time constraint is less strict. The meeting of deadline is not compulsory for each task,
every time. A critical real-time task gets priority over other tasks until it completes. It does not guarantee that task
will be completed in defined time but before a certain time and according to the priority.
Examples: Online Transaction System, Airline Ticket Reservation
14. What is an Interface? How many types of user interface are?
An interface is a program that allows a user to interact with the computer or another computer over a network.
A User Interface (UI) is the part of operating system, program, or devices that allows a user to enter and receive
information. There are many types of User Interfaces.
Two most common user interfaces are:
(i) Command Line Interface
A Command Line Interface (CLI) is a screen or text based representation in which the user types the commands on
place called prompt to operate the computer. Command contains string of characters. CLI is difficult to use because
the user has to remember the command and syntax but it is fast in use because text mode takes less resources.
EXAMPLES: UNIX, MS-DOS and Apple DOS.
(ii) Graphical User Interface (GUI)
A GUI provides a user friendly environment where user can interact with computers through graphical objects such
as menus, icons, buttons and other graphical objects. It is easy to use as users are supposed to just click on a
picture to run commands without memorizing them. GUI is slower than CLI as graphical mode takes more memory
and resources.
EXAMPLES: Windows and IOS
15. Define term software installation?
Software installation is the process of making programs ready for execution. Software installation or installer is a
computer program that installs les, such as applications, drivers, or other software, onto a computer. Software is
installed onto a computer by various means. They can be downloaded from the internet. They can also be installed
from an installation CD or DVD or from a USB ash drive.
16. What configuration is required for installing Windows10?
Installing Windows Operating System
To maintain compatibility between hardware and software, the operating system vendor specifies the
minimum hardware requirement. For installing Windows 10, following configuration is needed:
Processor 1GHz (speed of CPU should be at least 1 Gigahertz)
Memory 1GB for 32-bit or 2GB for 64-bit (RAM,32 bit and 64 bit are data units)
Storage 32GB (hard disk space should be at least 32 Gigabytes)
Graphic Card DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver (graphics card is computer hardware that
produces images seen on monitor screen)
Display 800x600 (computer monitor capability
17. What are the major steps for installing Windows? Steps of installing Windows:
• Insert the Windows Installation DVD/Flash Drive
• Restart your Computer
• Wait for the first startup screen
• Press or hold Del or F2 to enter the BIOS screen
• Locate the Boot order/ Boot sequence
• Select Boot order/ Boot sequence as per your installation source
• USB Flash/USB Hard Disk
• USB CD/DVD ROM
• Internal CD/DVD ROM
• Select any option:
• Upgrade
• Customize Installation (Advance)
• Select any drive for installing your operating system
• Follow the on screen instructions
18.What is an Office Automation Software?
Office Automation software is a group of computer programs that help users in their daily work.MS Office is used in
school lab, offices and other places.
MS Office contains:
• Word processor (MS Word),
• Spreadsheet (MS Excel),
• Multimedia presentation (MS PowerPoint),
• Database management system (MS Access) and
• Email application (MS Outlook)
19. How many steps are involved in installation of MS- Office package?
To install MS- Office package we need to take following steps.
• Run the MS- Office setup from USB, DVD or Hard Disk backup.
• Check the box marked 'I accept the terms of this agreement' and click on 'Continue'.
• Enter Product Key
• Click on Install Now or Customize procedure.
• Select the package which you want to install. Click on 'Install Now'.
• Then installation begins.
• MS Office installer will notify automatically after finishing the installation.
For installing MS- Office 2013 the minimum requirements are: 1.6 GHz processor, 1 GB RAM, 3 GB hard disk free
space, minimum Windows 7 operating system and graphics driver).
20. Define advantages and disadvantages of multi user operating system?
Advantages of multi user operating system:
• Printing jobs in the office or library can be best handled by multi user operating system. Normal OS cannot
do the same job as printing can be mismatched.
• Each user can access same document on own pc. For
• example, if one computer has a song or movie then other computers attached with it will play that song or
movie on their pc also.
• Airlines also use this system and ticket reservation is also done by this system.
• Teachers and library staff also use multi user operating system for handling books and for searching books.
The book record is stored in one computer and other terminals access to single resource to query the books.
• If one computer in the network gets error, then other computers not get affected and that system handle
this efficiently.
Disadvantages of multi user operating system:
• If you have computer that has private information, then then sharing your computer with multiple users is
dangerous.
• If one computer gets attacked by a virus, then other computers also get suffered. Your computer
information will be shared to other users also.
• Creating multiple accounts on single computer sometimes not fit to users so it is better to have multiple
computers for each user.
• If you don’t want to share some documents or folders with other users, then you can password protect that
files/folders.
21. Define advantages and disadvantages of single user operating system?
Advantages of single user operating system:
Supports one user at a time: -In these systems one user is only active at a time. So there will be no other user
interfering with the applications. And in these systems all computer resources are used by a user requests.
Easy to maintain: -These systems use less resources so it is easy to maintain and debug. In multi user operating
system there are higher resources needed and resources are in use most of time.
Less chance to damage: -This system includes less requests to hardware and software at a time so they have less
chance to damage. These systems not make higher load time also.
Concentrate on one task: in single user OS only one task run at a time. So output result can be found on time.
Disadvantages of single user operating system:
Tasks take longer time to complete: -As you know if no multiple tasks run at a time then many tasks are waiting for
the CPU. This will make system slow and response time is higher. So these systems response to processes at higher
time.
Idle time is higher:-If only one task is running and this task don’t require memory or I/O use then these devices
remain idle. But other tasks need those devices. So only one task run at a time then other tasks have to wait till
first task is finished. So CPU, memory and disk I/O not used properly.