Solution

EMW

Class 12 - Physics

1. (a) electric field is changing

Explanation:
i. Displaced current is defined as the change in the rate of the flow of current or the flow of current changes in the direction.
ii. When the electric field changes with time, then there is a possibility of the occurrence of displaced current.
iii. The current value will also change when the electric field changes.
iv. If there is a steady motion of the electric field, then the current conduction will be also in a steady manner.
2. Displacement current
3.
(c) speed
Explanation:
Speed of entire electromagnetic spectrum is same.

4. (a) reciprocal of speed of light in vacuum

Explanation:
E0 B0 1
= c ⇒ =
B0 E0 c

5.
(c) 2E

Explanation:

For complete absorption of energy E, momentum transferred is

E
p =
c

When the radiation is totally reflected, momentum transferred is

2E
2p =
c

6.
(d) X-rays
Explanation:
X-rays

7.
(d) moving with an acceleration
Explanation:
moving with an acceleration

8. Intensity of electromagnetic wave is defined as the energy crossing per second per unit area perpendicular to the direction of
propagation of electromagnetic waves.
The intensity of electromagnetic wave at a point is,
2
B
1 2 1 0
I = ε0 E c = c
2 0 2 μ
0

Here E0 and B0 are maximum values of electric field and magnetic field respectively.
9. a. Infrared Rays
Uses:- Muscular pain therapy

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 Remote control
Photography in foggy conditions
b. X-rays
Uses:- To study crystal structure
Detection of fracture in bones
Cancer treatment
10. Average energy density of the electric field
1 2
= ε0 E
2
1 2
= ε0 (cB)
2
1 1 2
= ε0 B
2 μ ε0
0
2
1 B
=
2 μ0

= Average energy density of the magnetic field.

11. The propagation of electromagnetic waves can be shown as

12. UV radiation
13. a. Here e.m. wave travels in x-direction and electric field oscillates along y-direction. But the e.m. wave propagates in the
direction of E⃗ × B⃗ . Hence magnetic field must oscillate along z-direction because (+^j ) × (+k
^ ^
) = +i
E0
b. B0
= c , the speed of light.
14. Let us consider a surface exposed to electromagnetic radiation. The radiation is falling normally on the surface. Further, intensity
of radiation is I and area of surface exposed to radiation is A.
E = Energy received by surface per second = I.A
N = Number of photons received by surface per second
E Eλ IAλ
N = = =
E hc hc
photon
h
Let the surface is perfectly absorbing, △Ponephoton =
λ

⇒ F = N × ΔPone photon =
IA

Also, Pressure P =
F

A
=
I

c
, this is the required result.
→ →
15. Let E be in the X-direction and B in the Y-direction.
→
a. Consinder the rectangular loop in the XZ plane with one side of length l parallel to E . At the instant under consideration, the
rectangle is partially on left and partially on the right of the wavefront.
Rate of change of magnetic flux = Blc
→ → →
The line integral of E = ∮ E ⋅ dl = El
From Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction
∴ E l = Blc or E = Bc ...(i)

b. Consider a similar rectangle in the YZ plane.

Rate of change of electric flux = Elc
→
The line integral of B is B I
From Ampere's law,
or B l = μ 0 ∈0Elc or B = μ ∈ Ec or B = μ
0 0 0 ∈0 c (Bc) [from (i)]
or c = 2 1
or c = 1/√− −−
μ ∈
−−
0 0
μ0 ∈0

16. i. The frequency of the electromagnetic waves increases.

ii. The speed of the electromagnetic waves remains constant (c = 3 × 108 ms-1)

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17. Welders wear special goggles or face masks with glass windows to protect their eyes from impact, dust and radiation hazards like
ultraviolet rays (UV rays).
The frequency range of UV rays is 8 × 1014 Hz to 3 × 1016 Hz.
18. Infrared waves have the wavelength between 1 mm to 700 nm.
Uses of Infrared Rays:
i. In knowing the molecular, atomic structure and medical therapy to heal muscular pain.
ii. In remote control of TV, VCR, etc. and also used in heat-sensitive thermal imaging cameras.
19. γ - rays have highest frequency range with highest energy (since energy E = hν ) and hence highest penetrating power.
20. Microwaves
21. Following are the electromagnetic waves used for
a. Water purification - Ultraviolet rays
b. Rewrite sensing - Microwaves
c. Treatment of cancer - Gamma rays
In increasing order of penetration, given waves can be written as
Microwaves < Ultraviolet rays < Gamma rays
22. The temperature of the earth would be lower because the green house effect of the atmosphere would be absent.
23. The electromagnetic wave which is produced by klystron or a magnetron valve is microwave which have an application in the
microwave oven for cooking.
24. γ -rays have the largest penetrating power.
25. Ultraviolet rays of electromagnetic spectrum are absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer and protect us from its potentially harmful
effects.
26. The minimum wavelength or Maximum frequency has maximum energy and vice versa, γ - Ray has maximum energy so it has a
minimum wavelength and Microwaves have minimum energy so it has a maximum frequency.
Use of electromagnetic waves:
Infrared waves: Heat-sensitive thermal imaging cameras, Remote controls.
Microwaves: microwave radio relay networks, radar, satellite, and spacecraft communication.
γ -rays: Used as tracers in medicine, Astronomy.

X-rays: checking fracture

27. i. γ rays (or X-rays)
ii. Ultraviolet rays
iii. Infrared rays
Production:
γ-rays : (Radioactive decay of nuclei)
X-rays : (X-ray tubes or inner shell electrons)
UV-rays: (Movement from one inner energy level to another)
Infrared rays : (Vibration of atoms and molecules)

28. a. Microwaves: Frequency range (∼ 1010 to 1012 Hz)

Ultraviolet rays: Frequency range (∼ 1015 to 1017 Hz)
b. Average energy density of the electric field = 1

2
∈0 E2
= 1

2
∈0 (cB)2
= 1

2
∈0
1

μ0 ϵ0
B2
2

= 1

2
B

μ0

= Average energy density of the magnetic field.

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