EcoScan - Water and Air Quality Monitoring

System
Nuha1 , Mahafuza2 , and Nafisa3
1
IRE , Gazipur Digital University , Chattogram, Bangladesh , [email protected]
2
IRE , Gazipur Digital University , Tangail, Bangladesh , [email protected]
3
IRE , Gazipur Digital University , Tangail, Bangladesh , [email protected]

Abstract—The degradation of water resources and air pol- the quality parameters uninterruptedly. The developed model
lution has become a common problem. Conventional methods is tested with three water samples and the parameters are
of monitoring involve the manual collection of water and air transmitted to the cloud server for further action[5].The smart
samples from different locations and laboratory testing, which
is time-consuming and inefficient. Modern approaches require air quality monitoring system is commutated with a developed
continuous monitoring of water and air quality parameters in smartphone application using short and long distance commu-
real time. This paper proposes a low-cost IoT-based system for nication modules. The smart application basically provides air
real-time monitoring. Water quality parameters are measured quality information (daily, monthly, yearly), air management
using sensors for pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, methods, and emerging environmental issues. For the system
and CO2 level. Air quality is monitored via gas and particulate
sensors, and all data are communicated to a cloud server using verification, we tested the developed air quality monitoring
a microcontroller-based system. system with other reliable measuring devices .However, the
Index Terms—IoT, Sensors, Air Quality, Water Quality, Mon- reliability of low-cost sensors is challenged by calibration drift,
itoring, Environment environmental cross-sensitivity (e.g., humidity effects on PM
sensors), and biofouling in water probes . To address these
I. I NTRODUCTION issues, recent studies have proposed integrating edge comput-
Environmental pollution, particularly air and water contam- ing for local preprocessing, cloud dashboards for visualization,
ination, has become a critical global challenge, necessitat- and robust calibration frameworks [6]. In this work, we present
ing the adoption of advanced monitoring and management an integrated IoT-based monitoring platform for both air and
strategies[1].Air Pollution has been an eclectic ecological water quality . The system employs low-cost particulate, gas,
problem exposed and exaggerated by constant urbanization, and electrochemical sensors alongside water probes for pH,
massive industrialization, population explosion, and unregu- turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and temperature .
lated exploitation of resources, which has been affecting both Edge analytics handle denoising, calibration, and anomaly
the flora and fauna for far too long[2].Pollution of water is detection, while cloud services enable visualization, alerts, and
one of the main threats in recent times as drinking water long-term data storage [7].
is getting contaminated and polluted. The polluted water
can cause various diseases to humans and animals, which II. S TATEMENT OF T HE P ROBLEM
in turn affects the life cycle of the ecosystem[3].The smart Clean air and safe drinking water are essential for human
water quality monitoring, regarded as the future water quality survival, yet they are becoming harder to obtain in many areas.
1monitoring technology, catalyzes progress in the capabilities Water sources are often contaminated with dirt, dissolved
of data collection, communication, data analysis, and early chemicals, and harmful particles that render it unsafe for
warning. In this article, we survey the literature till 2014 on the daily use. People may drink this water without realizing
enabling technologies for the Smart Water Quality Monitoring it contains invisible impurities that can slowly harm their
System. We explore three major subsystems, namely the data health. At the same time, the air around us is polluted by
collection subsystem, the data transmission subsystem, and the smoke, toxic gases, and industrial emissions. Breathing in
data management subsystem from the view of data acquiring, polluted air every day leads to long-term health issues like
data transmission, and data analysis. Specifically, for the data respiratory illness, allergies, and other serious diseases. In
collection subsystem, we explore selection of water quality many communities, especially in developing regions, people
parameters, existing technology of online water quality moni- lack easy access to real-time information about the quality of
toring, identification of the locations of sampling stations, and the air they breathe and the water they drink. They often rely
determination of the sampling frequencies[4],,.In this paper, on taste, smell, or appearance to decide if the water is clean,
a detailed review of the latest works that were implemented which is not always reliable. Similarly, many harmful gases
in the arena of smart water pollution monitoring systems is in the air are not visible or detectable by smell. This lack
presented. The paper proposes a cost effective and efficient IoT of awareness puts families, children, and entire communities
based smart water quality monitoring system which monitors at risk. Another issue is that checking air and water quality
typically requires laboratory tests, which are time-consuming, System for Real Time Applications [9] which is efficient
expensive, and impractical for daily use. By the time the results and low cost, has been tested after the implementation. A
are available, individuals may have already been exposed to report by Ch.V.Saikumar, P.C.Kishoreraja, M.Reji introduces a
harmful conditions. Without a quick and affordable way to Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based air quality monitoring
monitor their environment, people live in unsafe conditions system using IOT central server and gases sensors. [10]
without knowing it. Therefore, the main problem this project IOT Based Water Quality Monitoring System through this
addresses is the lack of a simple, affordable, and continuous system, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research
monitoring system that can inform people about the real-time ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 14, Number 6 (2019) pp. 1405-1409
quality of their water and air. If people could easily find out © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
if their water is safe to drink or if the air around them is 1406 the officials can keep track of the levels of pollutions
healthy to breathe, they could take immediate action to protect occurring in the water bodies and send immediate warnings
themselves and their families. This project aims to close that to the public. [11] A report by Soundarya Pappu, Prathyusha
gap by providing a reliable method to measure these conditions Vudatha, Niharika.A.V [12] this system here receives the input
and increase public awareness of the environment. is transmitted serially to Pi3 which is edge level processor
where machine learning algorithm employed for predicting the
Water Quality based on trained data set. Internet of Things
(Iot) Based Smart Water Quality Monitoring System [13] the
system is achieved with reliability and feasibility by verifying
the four parameters (pH, water level, CO2, Temperature) of
water.

IV. P ROPOSED M ETHODOLOGY

The proposed system collects water parameters (tempera-

ture, TDS, turbidity) and air parameters (dust, gas concen-
tration). Data are uploaded to ThingSpeak cloud servers and
alerts are sent if pollution levels exceed thresholds.

A. Implementation

TThe system used an ESP32 microcontroller as the main

unit for gathering and processing data. Several sensors were
connected:
- Turbidity sensor for measuring water clarity. - TDS sensor
for detecting dissolved solids in water. - Water temperature
sensor (DS18B20) for monitoring temperature. - MQ-135
Fig. 1. Statement of The Problem sensor for checking air quality and toxic gases. - DHT22
sensor for measuring ambient temperature and humidity. -
III. L ITERATURE S URVEY MiCS-4514 sensor for detecting NO, CO, and NH gases.
Vaishnavi V. Daigavane and Dr. M. A Gaikwad entitled The ESP32 collected readings at regular intervals and
“Water Quality Monitoring System Based on IOT”. This showed them on an I²C LCD. It also sent data over Wi-
system can monitor water quality automatically, and it is Fi to the ThingSpeak cloud platform for remote viewing
low in cost and does not require manual work. This system and analysis. Plans included adding machine learning for
uses aurdino uno. [8] The Smart Water Quality Monitoring recognizing patterns and predicting environmental conditions.
 Fig. 2. Hardware Implementation
Fig. 3. Working Flow

B. Flowchart

V. F IGURES AND TABLES

Fig. 5. Sensor Data

A. Temperature Sensor (DS18B20)

Fig. 4. Block Diagram Fig. 6. DS18B20 Temperature Sensor

 Features: D. Gas Sensor (MQ-135)
• Power supply range: 3.0V to 5.5V
• Temperature range: -55°C to +125°C
• Accuracy: ±0.5°C from -10°C to +85°C
• Converts 12-bit temperature to digital word in 750 ms
(max.)

B. Turbidity Sensor

Fig. 9. MQ-135 Gas Sensor

Features:

• Detects NH3 , NOx , alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2

• Analog output: 0-5 V
Fig. 7. Turbidity Sensor • Digital output: 0/5 V TTL
• Sensitivity adjustable via potentiometer
Features:
• Operating Voltage: 5V DC
• Response Time: ¡500 ms
• Output Method: Analog E. DHT22 Sensor
• Analog Output: 0-4.5 V
• Digital Output: High/Low (adjustable)
• Operating Temperature: -30°C to 80°C

C. TDS Sensor

Fig. 10. DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

Fig. 8. TDS Sensor

Features:
Features:
• Wide Voltage Input: 3.3 5.5 V • Operating Voltage: 3.3 6 V
• Output: 0 2.3 V analog • Temperature: -40°C to +80°C, Accuracy ±0.5°C
• Waterproof Probe • Humidity: 0–100% RH, Accuracy ±2–5%
• Measurement Range: 0 1000 ppm • Digital output, single-wire interface
• Accuracy: ±10% F.S. (25°C) • Low power consumption
F. MiCS-4514 Gas Sensor

Fig. 15. DHT22(Temeperature)

Fig. 11. MiCS-4514 Gas Sensor

Features:
• Detects CO, NO2 , NH3 , CH4
• Analog output: 0-5 V
• Digital output: 0/5 V TTL Fig. 16. Turbidity
• Sensitivity adjustable, low power consumption

VI. E XPERIMENTAL R ESULTS

All sensors were tested with real water and air samples.
Data were transmitted to ThingSpeak successfully.

Fig. 17. Water Temeperature

VII. K EY P ERFORMANCE I NDICATORS

• Sensor Accuracy, closeness of sensor readings to actual
Fig. 12. DHT22(Humidity) values.
• System Reliability, percentage of time the system runs
without failure.
• Data Transmission Rate, success of sending data to the
cloud.
• Response Time, speed of data collection and display.
• Power Efficiency, average power consumption.
• Scalability, ability to add more sensors or locations.
• User Accessibility, ease of accessing data remotely.
• Cost-Effectiveness, affordability compared to commercial
systems.
Fig. 13. MQ 135 • Predictive Capability, accuracy of ML-based trend pre-
dictions (future work).
VIII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors thank the organizations and individuals who
supported this research.
IX. C ONCLUSION AND F UTURE W ORK
Air and water quality monitoring systems are important in
today’s society. These systems help monitor and assess the
levels of pollutants in the air and water, allowing for quick
Fig. 14. TDS detection of environmental issues. They provide necessary
support for protecting the environment and human health. Gas
and water quality sensors play a key role in these monitoring
systems. This paper introduced a low-cost IoT-based air and
water quality monitoring system. Future work involves adding
more sensors, using machine learning for predictive analytics,
and implementing the system in various locations.
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