Final Reference List (16 Total – IEEE Format)

1. A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari and M. Ayyash, "Internet of Things: A

2. P. K. Sharma, S. Y. Moon, and J. H. Park, "IoT-based smart water quality monitoring system,"
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1305–1312,
2017.

3. K. Patel and A. Shah, "IoT based real time water quality monitoring system," in Proc. Int.
Conf. on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), pp. 1513–1518, 2020.

4. S. R. Mule and S. Babar, "Water Quality Monitoring System Using IoT and Cloud Computing,"
Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), vol. 8, no. 5, pp. C356–
C360, 2021.

5. MathWorks. ThingSpeak IoT Platform. [Online]. Available: https://thingspeak.com/

6. Twilio Inc. WhatsApp Business API Overview. [Online]. Available:

7. u-blox. Neo-6M GPS Module Datasheet. [Online]. Available:

8. Arduino Project Hub. "IoT Based Water Monitoring Using ESP8266." [Online]. Available:
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub

9. C. Zhang, J. Wang, and X. Lin, "Smart water monitoring system using LoRa and IoT for rural
environments," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 517, 2023.

10. M. M. Dhanvijay and S. C. Patil, "Smart water monitoring system using IoT in real-time,"
IJITEE, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1462–1467, 2020.

11. A. Jha and S. Yadav, "Predictive water quality modeling using IoT and machine learning," IEEE
Access, vol. 10, pp. 13556–13567, 2022.

12. P. C. Rao and A. Kulkarni, "An IoT-based hybrid alert system for river water quality using cloud
and edge," Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 193, no. 6, p. 315, 2021.

13. M. Mahmoud et al., "Edge-AI-enabled water pollution detection using low-power devices,"
IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 7282–7293, 2023.

14. R. Kumar and R. Tiwari, "Smart water quality monitoring system using fuzzy logic," IJERT, vol.
9, no. 5, pp. 713–719, 2020.

15. M. A. Hossain and A. Rahman, "Blockchain-secured smart water quality monitoring system,"
Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 207, p. 103460, 2022.

16. D. Singh and R. Rajan, "Real-time IoT framework with GPS-integrated alert system for
contaminated water detection," Springer LNNS, vol. 798, pp. 455–467, 2024.
 Paraphrase from here

pdated Introduction

Agriculture, human health, and environmental sustainability are all significantly impacted by water
quality. However, traditional laboratory-based testing techniques are frequently costly, time-
consuming, and inappropriate for isolated or developing areas. Intelligent, real-time water quality
monitoring systems are desperately needed, especially in nations like India, where urbanisation,
agricultural runoff, and industrial discharge are the main causes of rising water pollution.

New opportunities for ongoing water quality evaluation have been made possible by the confluence
of cloud computing, edge analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) [1]–[4]. These technologies
enable low-cost, scalable systems that use sensor modules attached to microcontrollers like the
ESP32 to monitor important parameters like temperature, turbidity, and pH in real time. While alerts
—enhanced with GPS coordinates—may be automatically sent to users and authorities via platforms
like WhatsApp [6], data can be wirelessly transferred to platforms like ThingSpeak for visualisation
and storage [5].

A move towards more secure, sustainable, and predictive water management systems is suggested
by recent publications [9]–[13], which emphasise innovations like blockchain for data integrity, LoRa
for low-power long-range transmission, and AI for contamination prediction. In addition, hybrid
frameworks that combine mobile dashboards with edge computing are being investigated to
enhance response times and decision-making [12], [16].

This study introduces an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart water quality monitoring system that,
in addition to gathering and analysing data in real time, sends out GPS-tagged WhatsApp warnings
when thresholds are crossed. Future extensions for predictive analysis, integration with machine
learning or fuzzy logic [11], [14], and cloud-edge hybrid solutions are made possible by the modular
architecture. It provides a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and adaptable way to guarantee
water safety in residential, commercial, and rural environments.

✍️Updated Related Work

In order to overcome the drawbacks of manual and conventional lab-based methods, research into
IoT-based water quality monitoring has exploded in recent years. Numerous studies show how
successful real-time sensing, alerting, and data processing are in a variety of applications, from
industrial discharge monitoring to rural water safety.

Early models that used inexpensive sensors and ESP modules to track temperature, pH, and turbidity
were put out by Sharma et al. [2] and Patel and Shah [3]. The groundwork for scalable and
reasonably priced IoT water monitoring was established by these systems. ThingSpeak was used by
Mule and Babar [4] to illustrate cloud-based monitoring, and Arduino community activities [8]
presented practical solutions with simple alerting capabilities.

Rao and Kulkarni [12] suggested edge-cloud hybrid systems for quicker reaction, whereas Dhanvijay
and Patil [10] stressed real-time data collecting for remote situations. By combining WhatsApp
notifications with GPS-tagged messages for location-aware intervention, Singh and Rajan [16] went
one step further. The possibility of blockchain in protecting sensor data—a crucial issue for long-term
deployments—was covered by Hossain and Rahman [15].
Beyond threshold-based alerts, Jha and Yadav [11] and Mahmoud et al. [13] improved prediction
capabilities by integrating machine learning and edge AI. These technologies are able to anticipate
breaches before they happen and identify patterns in pollution trends. Fuzzy logic and LoRa
integration were emphasised by Zhang et al. [9] and Kumar and Tiwari [14] as methods for context-
aware, energy-efficient monitoring.

Notwithstanding these developments, problems still exist, including dependency on a single alarm
mechanism, lack of modular expandability, and poor forecast accuracy in challenging circumstances.
By integrating real-time monitoring, cloud-based visualisation, modular sensor design, and GPS-
based WhatsApp notifications, the system suggested in this article fills these gaps. It lays the
groundwork for upcoming improvements like AI-driven contamination classification, SMS/email
notifications, and predictive machine learning.