An Introduction to

Project Management

What is a Project ?

Is a temporary endeavor with a beginning and end

Create unique product, Service or Results

What are Operations?

Operational work is an ongoing work to support

the business and systems of the organization

A close connection
Projects and operations are closely
connected. When a project is finished, the
product is handed over to operations, which
could require employee training or
adjustments to the operational process for
those who will use the projects product or
service.

What is Project Management ?

Project Management is the application of
Knowledge, Skills, Tools and Techniques to
project activities to meet the project
requirements.

Project Management Methods

The way of the PMI (Project Management Institute)
PMBOK Project Management Body of Knowledge
Certifications

1. CAPM (Certified Associate in Project Management)

2. PMP (Project Management Professional)

PRINCE2 (Projects IN Controlled Environment) Version 2

Certifications
1.PRINCE2 Foundation
2. PRINCE2 Practitioner

PMBOK

PMBOK is more of a Standard

Devised by PMI
Certifications are called CAPM & PMP
PMP exam requires 3 years of experience + 4500
hours of project management + 35 hours of
project management education.
CAPM exam requires 1500 hours + 23 hours of
project management education.
PMP needs maintenance in every 3 years.
Popular in USA, Canada, Middle East, Australia,
India.

PRINCE2

PRINCE2 is more of a method

Devised by the Cabinet office in UK
Taken care by AXELOS (A joint venture company in UK)
PRINCE2 foundation has no pre requisites
PRINCE2 Practitioner needs PRINCE2 foundation
PRINCE2 Practitioner needs maintenance in every 5 years
Popular in UK, Europe, Australia, India

Question 1
What is the difference between a
Standard and a Method?

Standard will provide you guidelines of

What to do?
What to follow? Etc

Method will provide you ways or templates

for
How to do?

Some Definitions..
OPA Organizational Process Assets
Plans, Process, Knowledge bases,
Lessons learned, Risk data Etc..
EEF Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organization Culture, Structure,

Government or industry standards,
Market condition, Political Climate,
Project Information Systems

The PMBOK Way

Project Management Processes
Project Knowledge Areas

Process : is a set of interrelated actions and

activities performed to create a pre-specified
product, service or result
Knowledge Areas : Areas of specialization

Project Management Process Groups

There are 5 Project management
Process groups
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Initiating
Planning
Executing
Monitoring & Control
Closing

Process PMBOK Way

Input

Process

Tools & Techniques

Output

Question 2

What is the difference between a Plan & a

Schedule? (Planning VS Scheduling)

 Planning :(also called forethought) is the process

of thinking about and organizing the activities required
to achieve a desired goal.
Scheduling : A schedule or a timetable is a basic time
management tool consisting of a list of times at which
possible tasks, events, or actions are intended to take
place, or a sequence of events in the chronological
order in which such things are intended to take place.
The process of creating a schedule - deciding how to
order these tasks and how to commit resources
between the variety of possible tasks - is
called scheduling
Scheduling is a subset of Planning

PMBOK Knowledge Areas

1. Integration Management
2. Scope Management
3. Time Management
4. Cost Management
5. Quality Management
6. Human Resource Management
7. Communication Management
8. Risk Management
9. Procurement Management
10.Stakeholder Management

Some Definitions
Stakeholder : is an individual, group or
organization who may affect, be affected by or
perceive itself to be affected by a decision,
activity or outcome of a project
Project Charter : is the document issued by the
project initiator or sponsor that formally
authorize the existence of a project and provides
project manager with the authority to apply
organizational resources to activities.

Sample Project Charter

Project Integration Management

Project Integration management includes the
processes and activities to identify, define,
combine, unify and coordinate the various
processes and project management activities
with in the project management process groups

Project Scope Management

What is Scope?
All the work required, and only the work required to
complete the project successfully.

Product Scope : Features and Functions that

characterize a product
Project Scope : Work performed to deliver a
product, service or result

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Dividing complex projects to simpler and
manageable tasks is the process identified as
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS).
A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a chart
in which the critical work elements, called
tasks, of a project are illustrated to portray
their relationships to each other and to the
project as a whole.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Usually, the project managers use this method
for simplifying the project execution. In WBS,
much larger tasks are broken down to
manageable chunks of work. These chunks
can be easily supervised and estimated.

WBS Sample

Question 3

What is the difference between Verification &

Validation ?

Verification: verification is concerned with

whether the system/product is wellengineered, error-free, and so on

Validation: validation is concerned with

checking that the system/product will meet
the customers actual needs

Time Management
Processes required to manage the timely
completion of the project
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Plan
Define Activities
Sequence Activities
Estimate Activity Durations & Resources
Develop a schedule
Control the schedule

Activity
Activity is the decomposition of the
Work Package
3.5 Stairs

Activity -1
Activity - 2
Activity - 3

The activity list will be used

to develop the project
schedule

Project Schedule
The project schedule is the tool that
communicates what work needs to be
performed, which resources of the
organization will perform the work and the
timeframes in which that work needs to be
performed. The project schedule should
reflect all of the work associated with
delivering the project on time

Project Activity Vs Time Frame

Project Resource VS Time Frame

COST Management
Project Cost Management includes the
processes involved in planning,
estimating, budgeting, financing and
controlling costs so that the project can
be completed within the approved
budget

Cost Management Processes

1.
2.
3.
4.

Plan Cost Management

Estimate Cost
Determine Budget
Control Costs

Quality Management
Project Quality Management includes the
processes and activities of the
performing organization that determine
the quality policies, Objectives and
responsibilities so that the project will
satisfy the need for which it was
undertaken

Quality Management Processes

1. Plan Quality Management
2. Perform Quality Assurance
3. Control Quality

Question 4
What is the difference between
Quality Assurance & Quality Control ?

Definition

Quality Assurance

Quality Control

QA is a set of activities for ensuring

QC is a set of activities for ensuring

quality in the processes by which

quality in products. The activities

products are developed.

focus on identifying defects in the

actual products produced.

Focus on

Goal

QA aims to prevent defects with a

QC aims to identify (and correct)

focus on the process used to make the

defects in the finished product.

product. It is a proactive quality

Quality control, therefore, is a

process.

reactive process.

The goal of QA is to improve

The goal of QC is to identify defects

development and test processes so

after a product is developed and

that defects do not arise when the

before it's released.

product is being developed.

How

Establish a good quality management

Finding & eliminating sources of

system and the assessment of its

quality problems through tools &

adequacy. Periodic conformance audits

equipment so that customer's

of the operations of the system.

requirements are continually met.

Prevention of quality problems

The activities or techniques used to

What through planned and systematic

activities including documentation.
Everyone on the team involved in
Responsibility developing the product is responsible

Example

achieve and maintain the product

quality, process and service.
Quality control is usually the
responsibility of a specific team that

for quality assurance.

tests the product for defects.

Verification is an example of QA

Validation/Software Testing is an
example of QC

7 Basic Quality Tools

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Cause & Effect Diagrams

Flowcharts
Checksheets
Pareto diagrams
Histograms
Control Charts
Scatter diagrams

PDCA
PDCA PLAN DO CHECK ACT
is a quality theory develop by
W. Edwards Deming
For quality improvement ( Continuous improvement)

PDCA Explained

Human Resource Management

Project Human Resource
Management includes the processes
that organize, manage, and lead the
project team

Human Resource Management

Processes
1.
2.
3.
4.

Plan
Acquire Project Team
Develop a Project Team
Manage Project Team

Project Communication
Management
Project communication management
includes the processes that required to
ensure timely and appropriate planning,
creation, distribution, storage, retrieval,
management, control, monitoring and the
ultimate disposition of the project

Project Communication
Management Processes
1. Plan
2. Manage Communications
3. Control Communications

Project Risk Management

Project Risk Management includes the processes
of conducting risk management planning,
identification, analysis, response planning, and
controlling the risk on a project

Project Risk Management Processes

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Plan
Identify Risks
Perform Qualitative Risk analysis
Perform Quantitative Risk analysis
Plan Risk Responses
Control Risks

Qualitative Risk Analysis VS

Quantitative Risk Analysis
Qualitative Risk Analysis: Prioritizing risk for
further analysis by assessing and combining
their probability of occurrence
Quantitative Risk Analysis: Numerically
analyzing the effect of identified risks

Project Procurement
Management
Project Procurement Management
includes the processes necessary to
purchase or acquire products,
services or results needed from
outside the project team

Project Procurement Management

Processes
1. Plan
2. Conduct Procurement
3. Control Procurement
4. Close Procurement

Project Stakeholder
Management
Project Stake holder Management
includes the processes required to
identify the people, groups, or
organizations that could impact or
impacted by the project

Project Stakeholder Management

Processes
1.
2.
3.
4.

Identify Stakeholders
Plan
Manage Stakeholder Engagement
Control Stakeholder Engagement

Manage Stakeholder
Engagement

Before we conclude..
Project Management is the application of
knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to
project activities to meet project
requirements
Project management is accomplished through
the appropriate application and integration of
logically grouped project management
processes