ongruence
of
Triangles
Congruence of Triangles
Congruent triangles are triangles that have the
samesizeandshape. This means that the
corresponding sides are equal and the corresponding
angles are equal
In the above diagrams, the corresponding sides
areaandd;bande;candf.
The corresponding angles
arexands;yandt;zandu.
Criteria for Congruence of
Triangles
There are four rules to check for congruent triangles.
SSS Rule (Side-Side-Side rule)
SAS Rule (Side-Angle-Side rule)
ASA Rule (Angle-Side-Angle Rule)
AAS Rule (Angle-Angle-Side rule)
Hypotenuse Leg Rule
ASA congruence rule
Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the
included side of one triangle are equal to two angles
and the included side of other triangle
Proof : We are given two triangles ABC and DEF in
which: B = E, C = F and BC = EF
To prove that : ABC DEF,
For proving the congruence of the two triangles see
that three cases arise.
ASA congruence rule
A
Case (i) : Let AB = DE in figure
You may observe that
B l C
AB = DE .(Assumed)
B = E (Given) D
BC = EF ..(Given)
So, ABC DEF
.(By SAS rule)
E l F
ASA congruence rule
Case (ii) : Let if possible AB > DE.
So, we can take a point P on AB
such that PB = DE.
Now consider PBC and DEF (see Fig.)
In PBC and DEF,
PB = DE (By construction)
B = E ,BC = EF.. (Given)
So, PBC DEF, by the SAS axiom for congruence.
A
D
l C E l F
B
ASA congruence rule
Since the triangles are congruent, their
corresponding parts will be equal.
So, PCB = DFE
But, given that ACB = DFE
So, ACB = PCB
This is possible only if P coincides with A.
or, BA = ED
So, ABC DEF ..(by SAS axiom)
A
D
l C E l F
B
ASA congruence rule
Case (iii) : If AB < DE,
we can choose a point M on DE such that ME = AB
ABC and MEF (see Fig.)
AB = ME (By construction)
B = E ,BC = EF.. (Given)
So, ABC MEF, by the SAS axiom for congruence.
A
D
l C E l F
B
ASA congruence rule
If ABC MEF
then corresponding parts will be equal.
So, ACB = MFE, But ACB = DFE
(Given)
so, ACB = MCB
This is possible only if M coincides with D.
or, BA = ED
So, ABC A DEF ..(by SAS axiom)
D
l C E l F
B
ASA congruence rule
So all the three cases:-
Case (i) : AB = DE
Case (ii) : AB > DE
Case (iii) : AB < DE,
We can see that ABC DEF
Proved
A
D
l C E l F
B
SSS congruence rule
Two triangles are congruent, if three sides of one
triangle are equal to the corresponding three sides of the
other triangle
Given: Two ABC and DEF such that, AB = DE,
BC = EF, and AC = DF.
To Prove:To prove ABC is congruent to DEF.
A D
B C E F
SSS congruence rule
Construction: Let BC is the longest side. A
Draw EG such that, < FEG = < ABC,
EG = AB. Join GF and GD
Proof: In ABC & GEF
BC = EF .(Given)
AB = GE ..(construction)
< ABC = < FEG (Construction)
B C
ABC GEF
< BAC = < EGF and AC = GF D
Now, AB = DE and AB = GE
DE = GE..
Similarly,
AC = DF and AC = GF, E F
DF = GF
In EGD, we have
DE = GE
< EDG = < EGD ---------- (i) G
SSS congruence rule
In FGD, we have
DF = GF.(ii) A
From (i) and (ii) we get,
< EDF = < EGF
But, <EGF = <BAC,
Therefore,
< EDF = < BAC -----------(iii) B C
In ABC and DEF, we have, D
AB = DE ..(Given)
< BAC = < EDG
AC = DF ..(Given) E F
Therefore, by SAS congruence,
ABC DEF
G
RHS congruence rule
If in two right triangles the hypotenuse and one side
of one triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and one
side of the other triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent. A P
Given: Two right angle Triangle
ABC and PQR where
AB = PQ and AC = PR,
To Prove:
ABC PQR C B Q R
Proof:
we Know that these Triangles are Right angle
So < B = <C ..(900)
AB = PQ and AC = PR ------------(Given)
ABC PQR -------------(by SAS)
Properties of a Triangle
Angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles
triangle are equal. A
Given : An isosceles ABC in which
AB = AC.
To prove: B = C
Construction:
Draw the bisector of A
B C
and D be the point of intersection of this bisector of
A and BC.
Proof: In BAD and CAD,
AB = AC ..(Given)
BAD = CAD (By construction)
Properties of a Triangle
A
AD = AD ..(Common)
So, BAD CAD (By SAS rule)
So, ABD = ACD,
since they are B C
corresponding angles of congruent triangles.
So,
B=C
Proved
THANK YOU
