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(Deoxyribonucleic Acid) : Composition & Structure

DNA is composed of nucleotides that contain a phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine). The bases pair up specifically with adenine pairing with thymine and cytosine pairing with guanine. Chargaff's rule states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are equal, as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine in a DNA molecule.

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56 views11 pages

(Deoxyribonucleic Acid) : Composition & Structure

DNA is composed of nucleotides that contain a phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine). The bases pair up specifically with adenine pairing with thymine and cytosine pairing with guanine. Chargaff's rule states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are equal, as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine in a DNA molecule.

Uploaded by

Ananda Vijayasarathy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Composition & Structure


AMAZING DNA FACTS…
 DNA from a single human cell
extends in a single thread for
almost 2 meters long!!!

 It contains information equal


to some 600,000 printed pages
of 500 words each!!!
(a library of about 1,000 books)
Genetic material of cells…

 GENES – units of genetic material that


CODES FOR A SPECIFIC TRAIT

 Called NUCLEIC ACIDS

 DNA is made up of repeating molecules


called NUCLEOTIDES
DNA Nucleotide
Phosphate
Group

O 5
O=P-O CH2
O
O
N
Nitrogenous base
C4 C1 (A, G, C, or T)
Sugar
(deoxyribose)
C3 C2
A HISTORY OF DNA

 Discovery of the DNA double helix

A. Frederick Griffith – Discovers that a factor in


diseased bacteria can transform harmless bacteria
into deadly bacteria (1928)
B. Rosalind Franklin - X-ray photo of DNA.
(1952)
C. Watson and Crick - described the
DNA molecule from Franklin’s X-ray.
(1953)
Watson & Crick proposed…
•DNA had specific pairing between the
nitrogen bases:
ADENINE – THYMINE
CYTOSINE - GUANINE

•DNA was made of 2 long stands of


nucleotides arranged in a specific
way called the “Complementary Rule”
DNA Double Helix
5 O 3

3 O
P 5 P
5 O
1 G C 3
2
4 4
2 1
3 5
O
P P
5
T A 3

O
5
P 3 P
Nitrogenous Bases

 PURINES
1. Adenine (A)
2. Guanine (G) A or G

 PYRIMIDINES
3. Thymine (T)
T or C
4. Cytosine (C)
Chargaff’s Rule

 Adenine must pair with Thymine

 Guanine must pair with Cytosine

 Their amounts in a given DNA molecule will be


about the same.

T A G C
BASE-PAIRINGS
H-bonds

G C

T A
Composition of DNA?

Nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Chargaff’s rule ?

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