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Transformation of Functions

This document discusses transformations of functions. It defines transformations as operations performed on a given function f that create a new function. It describes various types of transformations including vertical and horizontal translations that shift the graph up/down or left/right, reflections about the x-axis or y-axis, and compressions or stretches that make the graph taller/shorter or longer/shorter. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to identify and graph functions after different transformations. Exercises at the end reinforce identifying the transformation type and finding corresponding points on transformed graphs.

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Binita Bhatia
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86 views20 pages

Transformation of Functions

This document discusses transformations of functions. It defines transformations as operations performed on a given function f that create a new function. It describes various types of transformations including vertical and horizontal translations that shift the graph up/down or left/right, reflections about the x-axis or y-axis, and compressions or stretches that make the graph taller/shorter or longer/shorter. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to identify and graph functions after different transformations. Exercises at the end reinforce identifying the transformation type and finding corresponding points on transformed graphs.

Uploaded by

Binita Bhatia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSFORMATION

OF FUNCTIONS
By Binita Bhatia
Learning objectives

■ Learn the meaning of transformations


■ Identify and Graph functions using vertical or horizontal shifts
■ Identify and Graph functions using reflections about the x -axis and
the y -axis.
■ Identify and Graph functions using compressions and stretches.
Transformation

■ When certain operations are performed on a given function f, then a


new function is formed and the graph of this new function is called a
transformation of the graph of f.
 
Relation between two function f(x) –
Vertical Translation
y=f(x) and y=f(x)±b

y= and y=±2
x y= y=+2 y=-2

-2 4 6 2
-1 1 3 -1
0 0 2 -2
y=
 
1 1 3 -1 y=+2
2 4 6 2 y=-2

  Therefore, the graph of y=+2 shifted two units up.


And, the graph of y=-2 shifted two units down.
 
Horizontal Translation
y= and y=

y= and y=
x y= y= y=

-3 9 25 1
-2 4 16 0
-1 1 9 1
0 0 4 4
1 1 1 9 y=
 
2 4 0 16 y=
y=
3
3 9
9 1
1 25
25
  Therefore, the graph of y=shifted two units to the right.
And, the graph of y= shifted two units to the left.
x -2 -1 0 1 2

  f(x)=
y= Error Error 0 1

Vertical Reflections - Error


Error Error
Error
1
1
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
Error
Error
-
Error
Error
y= f(-x)
y= √  𝑥
√  − 𝑥
Horizontal Reflections
y= -f(x)
y=-
−
  √𝑥

■ y= -f(x) represents a reflection of f(x) about the x–axis.


■ y= f(-x) represents a reflection of f(x)about the y-axis
Dilations
and

■ If we multiply a function by a non-zero real number it has the effect of


either stretching or compressing the function because it causes the
function value (the y value) to be multiplied by that number.

Let's try some functions multiplied by non-zero real numbers


to see this.
Stretch and Compressed vertically by a factor of p
y = pf(x)
y=3f(x) = 3sin(x)

x y=sinx y=3sin(x) y=sin(x)

0 0 0 0
1 3


 0
0 0
0 0
0
-1
-1 -3
-3
2 0 0 0  y=
2 0 0 0 y=
y=
■ If p >1 the function gets "taller“(stretched) if p <1 the function gets "shorter.“ (compressed)
 Stretch and Compressed
horizontally by a factor of q x y=sinx y=sin(3x) y=sin(x)
y = f(qx) 0 0 0 0

y=f() = f(3x) =sin(3x) 0.5 1 0.174

=0.866 0 0.34

1 -1 0.5

=0.866 0 0.643

0.5 1 0.766
y  =sin(x)
y=sin(3x)
y=sin(x)  = 3.14 0 0 =0.866

■ When q >1 the function will get "longer" (stretched) and when q < 1 the function will "squish“ (compressed)
Transformations of function f(x)
Type of Transformation Equation Result
Moves the function b units, |b| units
Vertical Translation y=f(x)+b
up (b>0) or down (b<0)
Moves the function a units, |a| units
Horizontal Translation y=f(x−a)
left (a>0) or right (a<0)
Vertical Reflection y=f(-x) Reflects the function over the y-axis
Horizontal Reflection y=-f(x) Reflects the function over the x-axis

Vertical Stretch y=pf(x) (p>0), multiply vertical scale by p

Horizontal Stretch y=f(x/q) (q>0), divide horizontal scale by q


(0<|p|<1), multiply vertical scale by
Vertical Compression y=pf(x) p

(0<|q|<1), divide horizontal scale


Horizontal Compression y=f(x/q)
by q
Exercise

■  Graph of y= , what is the graph of y=


Horizontal translation

■  Graph of y= , what is the graph of y=


■ Graph of y=g(x), what is the graph of y=g(x)-6
Vertical Translation

■ Graph of y=g(x), what is the graph of y=g(x)-6


■ Graph of y=f(x), what is the graph of y=f(-x)
Vertical Reflection

■ Graph of y=f(x), what is the graph of y=f(-x)


The point (-12, 4) is on the graph of y =
f(x). Find a point on the graph of y = g(x).

■g(x) = f(x-2)

■g(x)= 4f(x)

■g(x) = f(½x)

■g(x) = -f(x)
The point (-12, 4) is on the graph of y =
f(x). Find a point on the graph of y = g(x).

■g(x) = f(x-2) ■(-10, 4)

■g(x)= 4f(x) ■(-12, 16)

■g(x) = f(½x) ■(-24, 4)

■g(x) = -f(x) ■(-12, -4)


What did we learn…

■ How to identify transformations that have:


1. Horizontal and Vertical Translations
2. Reflections about the x-axis and y-axis
3. Stretching or Compressing of functions
Thank
you.

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