NMB 31203: Heat and Mass Transfer
Topic 2: Heat conduction (Part 2)
Dr Mohamad Asmidzam Ahamat
Mechanical Engineering Section,
UniKL MFI
1
Content
• Introduction to Heat Conduction.
• General conduction equation
• Rectangular, Cylindrical & Spherical Coordinate System
• Boundary conditions
• Variable thermal conductivity
• 1D Steady State Thermal resistance method (Rectangular
system)
• 1D Steady State Thermal resistance method (Radial system)
• Transient heat conduction
• Extended surface
2
Steady heat conduction in plane walls
From energy balance principle
Or it can be written as
For a steady state heat conduction,
Then, perform integration
The then can be written as
3
Concept of thermal resistance
Thermal resistance concept for conduction, from heat conduction equation
The thermal resistance for heat conduction
Thermal resistance concept for heat convection, from Newton’s Law of Cooling
The thermal resistance concept heat convection
4
Concept of thermal resistance
Thermal resistance concept for radiation, from heat radiation equation
The thermal resistance for heat radiation
Where hrad is
5
Concept of thermal resistance (Wall)
Analogy between thermal and electrical resistance network
6
Concept of thermal resistance (Wall)
Parallel resistance network Series resistance network
7
Concept of thermal resistance (Cylinder and
Sphere)
Thermal resistance for cylindrical
Thermal resistance for spherical
8
Concept of thermal resistance (Multilayer
cylinder)
9
Heat transfer through a fin
Assumptions:
1. Steady operation with no heat
generation
2. Thermal conductivity is
constant
3. Heat transfer coefficient(h) is
constant and uniform
10
Heat transfer through a fin
Boundary condition at the base of the fin
1. θ(0)= θb=Tb- T∞
Boundary conditions at fin tip
1. Infinitely long fin (Tfin tip = T∞)
2. Negligible heat loss from the fin tip(adiabatic tip)
3. Convection or convection and radiation from fin tip
11
Heat transfer through a fin
Infinitely long fin (Tfin tip = T∞)
Boundary conditions at fin tip
( L) T ( L) T 0
Temperature variation along the fin
Heat transfer from the entire fin
12
Heat transfer through a fin
(Adiabatic fin tip)
Boundary conditions at fin tip
d
0
dx x L
Temperature variation along the fin
Heat transfer from the entire fin
13
Heat transfer through a fin
(Convection/convection and radiation from the tip)
Corrected fin length
Ac
Lc L
p
Where
Lc is corrected fin length
p is perimeter
Ac is cross sectional area
14
Heat transfer through a fin
(Fin efficiency)
Maximum heat transfer
through fin
Q hA (T T )
fin, max fin b
Temperature drop occurs
along the fin, and
efficiency defined as
Q fin
fin
Q fin,max
15
Heat transfer through a fin
(Fin efficiency)
For a very long fin
For an insulated tip
Heat Exchanger(FRB 30403) 16
Heat transfer through a fin
(Fin efficiency)
17
Heat transfer through a fin
(Fin efficiency)
18
Conduction through a fin
(Fin effectiveness)
19
Conduction through a fin
(Fin effectiveness)
Effectiveness for a fin
For a very long fin
20
Conduction through a fin
(Fin effectiveness)
Overall effectiveness
(finned and un-fin area)
21
Conduction through a fin
(Fin effectiveness)
What is meant by effectiveness?
If the effectiveness
a) = 1, fin does not affect heat transfer
b) >1, fin is enhancing heat transfer
c) <1, fin acts as an ‘insulation’
Fin only useful when the effectiveness is sufficiently
larger than 1.
22
Conduction through a fin
(Proper length of a fin)
23
