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EE-232 Signals and Systems: Instructor: Dr. Mohaira Ahmad

This document contains lecture slides for an EE-232 Signals and Systems course taught by Dr. Mohaira Ahmad. The slides cover topics including: - The relationship between time shifts and phase shifts in continuous and discrete time sinusoidal signals. Specifically, a time shift corresponds to a phase shift in continuous time signals but not necessarily in discrete time. - Whether continuous and discrete time sinusoidal signals are always periodic. Continuous time signals are always periodic while discrete time signals are only periodic if the frequency is a multiple of the sampling frequency. - The behavior of real exponential signals in continuous versus discrete time and their relationship to sinusoidal signals.

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Nihal Ahmad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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55 views17 pages

EE-232 Signals and Systems: Instructor: Dr. Mohaira Ahmad

This document contains lecture slides for an EE-232 Signals and Systems course taught by Dr. Mohaira Ahmad. The slides cover topics including: - The relationship between time shifts and phase shifts in continuous and discrete time sinusoidal signals. Specifically, a time shift corresponds to a phase shift in continuous time signals but not necessarily in discrete time. - Whether continuous and discrete time sinusoidal signals are always periodic. Continuous time signals are always periodic while discrete time signals are only periodic if the frequency is a multiple of the sampling frequency. - The behavior of real exponential signals in continuous versus discrete time and their relationship to sinusoidal signals.

Uploaded by

Nihal Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE-232

SIGNALS AND Instructor: Dr. Mohaira Ahmad

SYSTEMS
EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 1
 A = amplitude
Angular frequency (rad/sec)
= Frequency (Hz)
Phase

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 2


 
Time shift in a continuous time
sinusoidal signal corresponds to a phase
shift

= Phase change

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 3


EVEN SIGNAL

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 4


 ODD SIGNAL
Phase change of and corresponding time
shift of

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 5


 A = amplitude
Angular frequency (rad/sec)
Phase

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 6


EVEN SEQUENCE

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 7


 ODD SEQUENCE
Time shift corresponds to a phase change

=>
If the sequence is flipped about the origin
and reversed, it yields the original
sequence

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 8


  time shift in a discrete time sinusoidal signal
A
corresponds to a phase change, but does a
phase change in a discrete time sinusoidal
signal also corresponds to a time shift?
Only when is satisfied.
Remember can only have numbers
That was not the case with CT sinusoidal signals

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 9


  continuous time sinusoidal signals
All
are periodic. Is the statement true for all
discrete time sinusoidal signals?
is periodic only if we get the same signal
if shifted by some N and its multiples

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 10


WHICH OF THESE SIGNALS ARE
PERIODIC?

N must be an integer.

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 11


 MAIN POINTS
For a CT sinusoidal signal, time shift and
phase change are equivalent but not
necessarily for DT sinusoidal signal
A CT sinusoidal signal is always periodic
but not the DT sinusoidal signal
If the frequency of the CT sinusoidal
signal is changed, we get a different signal,
but for DT sinusoidal signal, we may get
the same signal if frequency change is a
multiple of 2
Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 12


 
MAIN POINTS
For a CT sinusoidal signal, time shift and
phase change are equivalent but not
necessarily for DT sinusoidal signal
A CT sinusoidal signal is always periodic but
not the DT sinusoidal signal
If the frequency of the CT sinusoidal signal is
changed, we get a different signal, but for DT
sinusoidal signal, we may get the same signal
if frequency change is a multiple of 2
, where will yield the same value being a
multiple of
Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 13


REAL EXPONENTIAL SIGNAL IN CT
DOMAIN

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 14


 
REAL EXPONENTIAL SIGNAL IN DT
DOMAIN
Behaves like a geometric series with the
envelope which depends on the value of

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 15


Relationship of a CT complex
exponential signal to sinusoidal signals
Both real and imaginary part are sinusoidal
with 90o phase shift with a time varying
exponential envelope

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 16


 
Relationship of a DT complex
exponential signal to sinusoidal signals
Geometrically growing envelope,
Geometrically decaying envelope

Slide Credit: Oppenheim

EE—232 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 17

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