Speaking
Mathematically
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Lecture 4
Objectives
understand and be able to use the language, symbols and notation
of mathematics.
Explain the importance of mathematics as a language in one’s life;
effectively communicate (expressively and receptively) through
the language of mathematics.
Topic Outline
• Ordered Pair
• Cartesian Product
• Basic Concepts of Relation and Functions
• Evaluating Function
Ordered Pair
Given elements a and b, the symbol (a, b)
denotes the ordered pair consisting of a and b
together with the specification that a is the first
element of the pair and b is the second element.
Two ordered pairs (a, b) and (c, d) are equal if,
and only if , a = c and b = d. symbolically:
(a, b) = (c, d) means that a = c and b = d
Example
1.
Is (1, 2) = (2, 1)?
Answer: No. by definition of equality of ordered pairs
Is
Answer: Yes. by definition of equality of ordered pairs
What is the first element of (1, 1)?
Answer: In the ordered pair (1, 1), the first and the second
elements are both 1.
Cartesian Product
Given sets A and B the Cartesian product of A
and B, denoted A x B and read “A cross B” is the
set of all ordered pairs (a, b), where a is in A and
b is in B. Symbolically:
A x B = { a, b / a ∈ A and b ∈ B}
Example
Let A = { 1, 2, 3} and B = {u, v}
Find A x B
Answer: A x B = { (1, u), (2, u) , (3, u) , (1, v) , (2, v) , (3, v) }
Find B x A
Answer: B x A = { (u, 1) , (u, 2) , (u, 3) , (v, 1), (v, 2) , (v, 3) }
Find B x B
Answer: B x B = { (u, u) , (u, v) , (v, u) , (v, v) }
How many elements are in A x B, B x A, and B x B?
Answer: A x B has six elements, B x A has six elements,
B x B has four elements
Relation
• Relations abound in daily life. People are related
to each other in many ways as parents and
children, teachers and students, employers and
employees, and etc.
Relation
A relation is a rule that relates values from a
set of values (called the domain) to a second
set of values (called the range)
1.
A relation is also a set of ordered pair (x, y)
x – value is called DOMAIN
y – value is called RANGE
The domain is the set of all x values in the relation
The range is the set of all y values in the relation
Function
A function is a relation where each element in the
domain is related to only one value in the range by some
rule.
The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a
machine that applies a rule so that each input
corresponds to only one output.
A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that no two
ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-
Functions can be represented in different ways
1.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
1. Table of values y -10 -7 -4 -1 2
2. Ordered pairs
3. Graph
4. Equation y = 3x – 4
Which of the following relations are Functions?
1.
Function
g Not a Function
h Function
Which of the following Mapping diagrams represent
Functions?
Function Function Not a Function
The vertical Line Test
A graph represents a function if and only if
each vertical line intersects the graph at most
once.
Which of the following represents a function?
1.
Function
Function
Not a function
Function
Hint: if the y – variable contains exponents 2 (or even exponents),
then the equation is not a function or only a relation.
All functions are relations , but not all
relations are functions.
Evaluating Function
1.
Given the function
Evaluating Function
1.
Given the function
Evaluating Function
1.
Given the function
Evaluating Function
1.
Evaluate
Evaluating Function
1.
Evaluate f
f
Reflection
What are the three things you learned in
class today?
THANKS! Do you have any questions?
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