GEAR DRIVES VS BELT DRIVES
-TSD Presentation
PA39_Aaryan Mahakalkar
PA21_Om Nanekar
PA28_Yashrakj Singh
PA26_Nikhil Salokhe
PA34_Siddharth Iyer
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INDEX
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GEAR DRIVES
• Gear drives, sometimes referred to as gear trains and gearboxes,
are mechanisms consisting of an assembly of gears, shafts, and
other machine elements for mounting the rotating parts. They form
a mechanical system used for transmitting shaft power from a
driver such as an engine, turbine, or motor to a driven piece of
machinery. Gear drives can alter the transmitted power by using
different configurations of gears.
• Gear drives are packaged units used for a wide range of power-
transmission applications. They are used to transmit power to a
driven piece of machinery and to change or modify the power that
is transmitted. Modifications include reducing speed and increasing
output torque, increasing speed, changing the direction of shaft
rotation, or changing the angle of shaft operation.
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FUNCTIONS OF GEAR DRIVES
1. Changing the Speed of Rotation:
• Gear drives can increase or decrease the speed of the driven
shaft relative to the driver.
• This is achieved by using gears with different pitch diameters or
numbers of teeth.
• A large driver coupled to a small driven gear increases the
output speed. Conversely, using a small driver and a large driven
gear produces the opposite result.
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2. Increasing or Decreasing the Output Torque:
•Changing the speed of rotation produces the opposite effect to the torque.
Increasing the output speed decreases the torque and vice versa. This effect is
known as mechanical advantage. It trades a magnitude of the angular speed to
produce a larger force or torque.
•This relationship is derived from the law of energy conservation. In an ideal
gear drive system, the power transmitted must be constant. This is shown by
the formula, where P is power, and τa and τb are the torques of the driver and
driven gears, respectively.
•Mechanical advantage is defined as the ratio of the output to the input force or
torque. This is related to the angular speed shown by the expression below.
P=Ʈaωa=ƮbωbP=Ʈaωa=Ʈbωb
MA=ƮbƮa=ωaωb
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3. Modifying the Axis of Rotation:
Gear drives are also used to modify the axis of rotation of the driven
relative to the axis of the driver gear by:
• Offsetting or translating the output shaft while being parallel with
the input shaft.
• Changing the axis of rotation by turning it at an angle relative to the
input shaft while still being at the same plane.
• Changing the axis of rotation while at the same time producing an
offset. This creates a non-intersecting and non-parallel driver and
driven shafts.
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4. Reversing the Direction of Rotation:
• A simple gear system composed of two meshing parallel gears always rotates in
opposing directions.
• For transmission systems composed of several gears, the output shaft can either
rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. This is further modified by placing idler
gears between the power transmitting gears.
• Idler gears do not change the gear ratio nor produce a mechanical advantage,
unlike the power transmitting gears.
• This characteristic is particularly useful for manual automotive transmissions.
The reverse gear is engaged by using an idler gear which reverses the rotation of
the output shaft.
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TYPES OF GEAR DRIVE
• Parallel Gear drive
• Inline gear drive
• Right angle gear drive
• Worm Gear Drives.
• Planetary Gear Drives
• Cyclo Gear Drives
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BELT DRIVES
• Power is to be transmitted between the parallel shaft.
• Consists of two pulleys over which a endless belt is passed
encircling the both.
• Rotary motion is transmitted from driving pulley to
driven pulley.
• Friction is a helpful agent.
• Tension in one side of the belt
• Portion of the belt having less tension is called slack side.
• Portion of the belt having high tension is called tight side.
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FUNCTIONS OF BELT DRIVE
• The primary purpose of a drive belt is to drive or power the engine
accessories.
• Drive belt use one source of energy to power multiple components
• It increases the mechanical efficiency of the engine.
• Since the engine water pump is powered by a drive belt, it will stop
running and cause overheating if it breaks.
• Also, the hydraulic power steering is drive by the belt. So, steering
assist will be lost as the power steering pump is disabled form the
drive.
• The alternator that also supplies electrical power will stop working
as the device is disabled.
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TYPES OF BELT DRIVES
1. Open Belt Drive:
•In these types of belt drive, the belt is employing when the two
parallel shafts have to rotate in the same direction.
•When the shafts are far apart, the lower side of the belt should be
the tight side and the upper side must be the slack side.
•This is because, when the upper side becomes the slack side, it
will sag due to its own weight and thus increase the arc of contact.
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2. Cross Belt Drive:
• This types of belt drives, the belt is employing when two
parallel shafts have to rotate in the opposite direction. At
the junction where the belts cross, it rubs against itself
and wears off.
• To avoid excessive wear, the shafts must be placed at a
maximum distance from each other and operated at very
low speeds.
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3. Stepped Cone Pulley or Speed Cone Drive:
• This types of belt drives are used when the speed of the driven shaft
is to be changed very frequently as in the case of machine tools such
as lathe , drilling machine , etc.
• A stepped cone pulley is an integral casting having three or number of
pulleys of different sizes one adjacent to the other as shown in fig.
• One set of stepped cone pulley is mounted in reverse on the driven
shaft. An endless belt will be wrapped around one pair of pulleys.
• By shifting the belt from one pair of pulleys to the other, the speed of
the driven shaft can be varied.
• The diameter of the driving and driven pulleys is such that the same
belt will operate when shifted on different pairs of pulleys.
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4. Fast and Loose Pulley Drive
• This types of belt drives are used when the driven or
machine shaft is to be started or stopped whenever
desired without interfering with the driving shaft.
• A pulley which is keyed to the machine shaft is called
a fast pulley and run at the same speed as that of the
machine shaft.
• A loose pulley runs freely over the machine shaft and
is incapable of transmitting any power.
• When the driven shaft is required to be stopped, the
belt is pushed on to the loose pulley by means of a
sliding bar having belt forks.
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5. Jockey Pulley Drive:
• In an open belt drive arrangement, if the center distance is small, or if
the driven pulleys are very small, then the arc of contact of the belt
with the driven pulley will be very small, which reduces the tensions
in the belt, or if the required tension of the belt cannot be obtained by
other means, an idler pulley, called jockey pulley is placed on the slack
side of the belt as shown in fig.
• Which increases the arc of contact and thus the tension which results
in increased power transmission.
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GEAR DRIVE Vs BELT DRIVE
Gear drive Belt drive
Requires less space compared to belt drive.
Requires more space compared to gear drive.
Low friction loss compared to belt drive, therefore higher High friction loss compared to gear drive, therefore lower transmission
transmission and more efficiency. and less efficiency.
Requires less maintenance, but maintenance cost is relatively dearer Requires high inspection and maintenance, but maintenance cost is
and cumbersome. relatively cheaper and convenient.
Much greater life expectancy than belt drives. Low life expectancy than gear drives.
Complicated equipment design, as tolerances are very much
Easy, flexible equipment design, as tolerances are not important.
important.
No isolation from shock and vibration between driver and driven
Isolation from shock and vibration between driver and driven system.
system.
Requires regular lubrication. Requires relatively less or no lubrication.
Noisy in operation. Very quiet in operation.
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THANK YOU!
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