Circle Theorems
Essential. Agreements
AGENDA
Keep an Follow the seating plan
open mind Be considerate
Contribute
Stay positive
Listen Stay on task
Respect the Have fun
opinions of others Raise hand to
Solve questions in answer/ask
your book question
.
Seating
AGENDA
Plan
.
Garv Iyon Eesa Hamza Zidaan Angad
Kashish Dhyana Vivek Advait Zahara Rhiyan
Shreya Aditya Dian Prina Mann Alba
Naysha Karina Trishaan Aayush Yashita Saisha
Akshat Vikas
Scavenger Hunt!!!
Parts of a Circle AGENDA
. ? Arc
(Minor)
?
Sector
?
Chord ?
Radius
(Minor)
?
Segment
?
Diameter
?
Tangent
?
Circumference
Learning Objectives AGENDA
Calculate unknown angles using the following geometrical properties:
• Angle in a semicircle
• Angle between tangent and radius of a circle
• Angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle at the circumference
• Angles in the same segment are equal
• Angles in opposite segments are supplementary; cyclic quadrilaterals
• Alternate segment theorem
Source : Syllabus – Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580: E4.7
.
What are Circle Theorems AGENDA
Circle Theorems are laws that apply to both angles and lengths when
. circles are involved. We’ll deal with them in groups.
#1 Non-Circle Theorems
These are not circle theorems, but are useful in questions involving circle theorems.
?
130
50
Angles in a quadrilateral add Base angles of an isosceles
up to 360. triangle are equal.
.
#2 Circle Theorems Involving Right Angles
AGENDA
Tip: Remember the wording in the black boxes, because you’re often required to
. justify in words a particular angle in an exam.
radi
us
t
gen
tan
“Angle in semicircle is 90.”
“Angle between radius and
tangent is 90”. Note that the hypotenuse of the
triangle MUST be the diameter.
.
#3 Circle Theorems Involving Other Angles
AGENDA
𝑎
𝑎 𝑎
2𝑎
“Angles in same segment are “Angle at centre is twice the angle
equal.” at the circumference.”
#3 Circle Theorems Involving Other Angles
180 − 𝑥
𝑥
Opposite angles of cyclic
quadrilateral add up to 180.
#4 Circle Theorems Involving
. Lengths
Lengths of the tangents from a point
to the circle are equal.
#4 Circle Theorems Involving Lengths
Radius is of constant length
Tip: When you have multiple radii, put a mark on each
of them to remind yourself they’re the same length.
This result is that any triangle with one
vertex at the centre, and the other two on
the circumference, must be isosceles.
Which Circle Theorem?
Identify which circle theorems you could use to solve each question.
Angle in semicircle is 90
Reveal
Angle between tangent and
radius is 90
Opposite angles of cyclic
quadrilateral add to 180
Angles in same segment are
O equal
Angle at centre is twice angle
?
160 at circumference
Lengths of the tangents
100 from a point to the circle are
equal
Base angles of isosceles
triangle are equal.
Angles of quadrilateral add
to 360
Which Circle Theorem?
Identify which circle theorems you could use to solve each
Angle in semicircle is 90
question. Reveal
Angle between tangent and
radius is 90
70 Opposite angles of cyclic
quadrilateral add to 180
Angles in same segment are
70
?
equal
60 Angle at centre is twice angle
at circumference
Lengths of the tangents
from a point to the circle are
equal
Base angles of isosceles
triangle are equal.
Angles of quadrilateral add
to 360
Which Circle Theorem?
Identify which circle theorems you could use to solve each
question. Angle in semicircle is 90
Reveal
Angle between tangent and
radius is 90
Opposite angles of cyclic
quadrilateral add to 180
Angles in same segment are
equal
?
115
Angle at centre is twice angle
at circumference
Lengths of the tangents
from a point to the circle are
equal
Base angles of isosceles
triangle are equal.
Angles of quadrilateral add
to 360
Which Circle Theorem?
Identify which circle theorems you could use to solve each
Angle in semicircle is 90
question.
Reveal
Angle between tangent and
radius is 90
Opposite angles of cyclic
quadrilateral add to 180
?
70 Angles in same segment are
equal
Angle at centre is twice angle
at circumference
Lengths of the tangents
from a point to the circle are
equal
Base angles of isosceles
triangle are equal.
Angles of quadrilateral add
to 360
Which Circle Theorem?
Identify which circle theorems you could use to solve each
Angle in semicircle is 90
question.
Reveal
Angle between tangent and
radius is 90
Opposite angles of cyclic
quadrilateral add to 180
?
32
Angles in same segment are
equal
Angle at centre is twice angle
at circumference
Lengths of the tangents
from a point to the circle are
equal
Base angles of isosceles
triangle are equal.
Angles of quadrilateral add
to 360
Which Circle Theorem?
Angle in semicircle is 90
Identify which circle theorems you could use to solve each
question.
Reveal Angle between tangent and
radius is 90
Opposite angles of cyclic
?
31 quadrilateral add to 180
Angles in same segment are
equal
Angle at centre is twice angle
at circumference
Lengths of the tangents
from a point to the circle are
equal
Base angles of isosceles
triangle are equal.
Angles of quadrilateral add
to 360
Check Your Understanding
𝐴
𝑥=110 °
𝐷 73 ° ?
𝑥
𝐵
37 °
𝐶
𝑂
𝑥 𝐴
𝑦
𝑥=66°
24 °
𝐶
?
𝐵
Exercise 1
1 a
𝐴 b c
𝐵 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑂 150°
85° 60 °
𝐷 𝐶 51°
𝒙 =𝟗𝟓
?° 𝒙 =𝟓𝟏 𝒙 =𝟕𝟓
?°
d e
?° f
𝑂 𝑂 𝑂
𝑥 𝑥 80 ° 𝑥
50°
𝒙 =𝟗𝟎
?° 𝒙 =𝟒𝟎
?° ?°
𝒙 =𝟖𝟎
Exercise 1
𝐴
2 a b 𝐴
𝒙 =𝟏𝟎𝟎
?°
𝑂 𝑂 𝑥
𝑥 80° 𝐵
𝐵
110° 𝒙 =𝟏𝟒𝟎
𝐷 ?° 𝐶
𝐶
c d 𝐴 e 𝐴
𝐴
𝐷 30°
85°
𝑂𝑥 𝑂
𝐵 𝑥
80°
𝑥 𝐶
70°
𝐶
𝐶 𝐵
𝐵
𝒙 =𝟏𝟒𝟎
?° 𝒙 =𝟓𝟓?° 𝒙 =𝟒𝟎
?°
Exercise 1
𝐶
3 a 𝐵 𝑥 b ? °
𝒙=𝟓𝟏
𝐴
?
82° 𝑦
𝐷
𝑥 78 °
𝒙 =𝟏𝟔 𝐸 𝒙 =𝟓𝟎
?°
?°
c d
80° 𝑥
𝑥
𝒙 =𝟒𝟓
?°
Exercise 1
4 Determine each indicated angle in terms of .
𝐴 𝐵
𝐴
𝑂 𝑂 𝑥 𝐴
𝑥
𝑥
𝐶
𝐵 𝐷
𝐵
𝟏
∠ 𝑨𝑶𝑩=𝟑𝟔𝟎?−𝟐 𝒙 ∠ 𝑨𝑶𝑩=𝟏𝟖𝟎?−𝟐 𝒙 ∠ 𝑩𝑨𝑪 =
𝟐
𝒙
?
Exercise 1
N a 𝐵 b
𝐴
𝐴 70°
𝐷 𝑥 𝑥
𝒙 =𝟏𝟐𝟓 ° 𝐶 𝐵
? 𝒙 =𝟕𝟓?°
𝑃 𝑄
c 100°
150° 𝑆
𝑉
𝑥
𝑇 𝒙 =𝟏𝟏𝟎?°
𝑈
#5 Alternate Segment Theorem
This one is probably the hardest to remember and a particular favourite in the Intermediate/Senior
Maths Challenges.
!
Click to Start
This is called the animation
alternate segment
because it’s the
segment on the other
side of the chord.
...is equal to the angle in the
alternate segment
ch
or
d
tangent
The angle between the tangent
and a chord...
Check Your Understanding
z?=
58
Check Your Understanding
Source: IGCSE Jan 2014 (R)
Angle ABC = Angle AOC = Angle CAE =
112 ? 136 ? 68 ?
Give a reason: Give a reason: Give a reason:
Supplementary angles Angle at centre is Alternate Segment
?
of cyclic quadrilateral ?
double angle at Theorem. ?
add up to 180. circumference.
Exercise 2
𝐵 2
1
55°
𝑥
𝐴 𝑥
𝑦 70°
65° 𝑦 ?
𝐷
𝒙=𝟓𝟓°
𝐶 ?
𝐵
?
𝒙=𝟔𝟓° 3
? 49°
𝐴 𝑂
𝑥
71° 𝐷
𝒙=𝟒𝟏?°
𝐶
Exercise 2
𝐵
4 5 𝐴
𝑥 𝐵
𝐴 𝑂 70°
121° 𝐶
𝑥 𝐸 62°
63°
𝐷 𝐶 𝐷
𝒙 =𝟓𝟖?° 𝒙=𝟒𝟐?°
𝐴
6
𝐵
𝑥
𝑂
81° 𝒙=𝟒𝟗?°
58°
𝐶 𝐷
Exercise 2
𝐵 𝐴
7 8
𝒙 =𝟒𝟗?°
82°
𝐴
115° 𝐶
𝐶
𝐵
𝑥 70°
𝐸 𝐷
𝒙 =𝟒𝟓?° 𝑥
𝐷
N1
[SMC 2012 Q20] In trapezium , 25cm and is parallel to . All four
sides of are tangent to a circle with centre . The area of the
trapezium is . What is the radius of the circle?
cm
?
Exercise 2
N2 [SMC 2012 Q22] A semicircle of radius is
drawn with centre and diameter . The line is
then extended to the point , such that and are
of equal length. An arc of the circle with centre
and radius is then drawn so that the line is a
tangent to the semicircle at , as shown. What,
in terms of , is the area of triangle ?
?
APPENDIX: Circle Theorem Proofs
?a
90-a
?
?
180- ?
90-a
a 2a
?
A 2a C
O
Let angle BAO be a. Triangle ABO is isosceles so ABO = a. Remaining angle in triangle
must be 180-2a. Thus BOC = 2a. Since triangle BOC is isosceles, angle BOC = OCB = 90
– a. Thus angle ABC = ABO + OBC = a + 90 – a = 90.
APPENDIX: Circle Theorem Proofs
!
x b? This combined angle
= 180 – a – b
(angles in a
?
triangle)
a
Adding opposite
angles:
b a + b + 180
– a – b = 180
?
a
Opposite angles of cyclic
quadrilateral add up to 180.
APPENDIX: Circle Theorem Proofs
C 1: Angle between tangent and
radius is 90, so angle CAD = 90
-
3
?
B
2: Angle in semicircle is 90.
?4 D
?2
3: Angles in triangle add up to
180.
4: But any other angle in the
?1
90-
same segment will be the
same.
Alternate Segment Theorem A
