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Chapter Three

The chapter discusses the organization and nature of the Ethiopian army. It begins by outlining the chapter's learning outcomes which include describing the origin and development of the national army and discussing its characteristics, principles, missions and roles. It then provides background on the recent history of the modern Ethiopian army and discusses the army as an organization formed to fight wars and its links to society. Key points covered include the nature of defense forces and their role in ensuring national security, elements of defense force capabilities, and the meaning and organization of the army in Ethiopia. The objectives, principles and missions of the national armed forces are also outlined.

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Yosef Tsegaye
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
40 views36 pages

Chapter Three

The chapter discusses the organization and nature of the Ethiopian army. It begins by outlining the chapter's learning outcomes which include describing the origin and development of the national army and discussing its characteristics, principles, missions and roles. It then provides background on the recent history of the modern Ethiopian army and discusses the army as an organization formed to fight wars and its links to society. Key points covered include the nature of defense forces and their role in ensuring national security, elements of defense force capabilities, and the meaning and organization of the army in Ethiopia. The objectives, principles and missions of the national armed forces are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Yosef Tsegaye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 36

Chapter Three

Army/Military Organization

1
Chapter Learning Outcomes

At the end of this chapter, the trainees should be able to:


• Describes the meaning ,origin and development of national Army
• Explain the nature and organization of army in different political
systems in Ethiopian context
• Discuss the army as an organization formed to fight wars and its
institutional links with the society at large,
• Discuss the characteristics, principles and missions roles of army in
Ethiopian context.

2
3.1 Introduction
• The history of a modern army in Ethiopia is recent,
beginning with the end of the Second World War.
• Since then, the Ethiopian army has gone through
major changes under different regimes.

3
3.2 The Nature of Defense forces

• military power lies at the national security of states.


• It plays certainly vital roles in the pursuit of national security, and
protecting the state from outside threats.
• National power is viewed as the general capability of a state to influence
the policy and behavior of its potential as well as actual adversary states.
• National power, therefore ―determines the outcome of international
politics, and therefore states seek to maximize the power available to
them.
• It encompasses many attributes such as economic, diplomatic, cultural
and ideological as well as military.
4
The Nature of Defense forces …
• military power results from defense forces.
• Defense forces (different units like ground force and air force
units) are ―instruments for generating military power.
• Military power (national defense forces) is therefore ultimately
the power to ―destroy and kill, or occupy and control, and
hence to coerce.
• In the international system, military power…. Is a relation among
states that permits one government to induce another to behave
in a way which the latter would not have chosen freely.

5
Elements of the Defense Forces Capability

Technology
Size &
Fire power structure
of DF

Mobility Intelligence

Elements
Manpower
Logistics of force quality
capability

6
The Role of Defense Forces
• ensuring the national security objectives of states
• it is a mark of national sovereignty
• protecting the nation from outside threats to its
territory and interests
• maintain internal security
• it engages in nation building activities

7
3.7 Meaning of Army
 It is an organization of men in arms to wage war.
 Is led by doctrine
 Is shaped by the government and serves to protect and promote its policies.
The behavior of the army is determined by and is the reflection of the political system.
 The size and equipment
 Organizations
 Doctrine
 The concept and direction of its development
The development of armies is related with
 the evolutionary development of society
 Mission complexity
 Improvement in Armament & equipment.

8
3.8 Armies’ /military/ Organization in Ethiopian Context
• Ethiopia national Army Regimental Field Manual states: - the Military serves as
instrument to protect national interests and security objectives.
• It is one of the instruments of national power
• Fundamental objective of national security policy is safeguarding national survival
• For the sovereignty of peace, stability, and economic development, Military serves
as means to ensure these goals.
• Military Build- Up is A broad and Continuous Activity
• Building up of Military is inseparably related with the development our society
• The behavior of the military and its role is determined by the nature and character
of the political system
• In a democratic system the military takes democratic character
9
3. Objectives of National Armed Forces Build –Up
a)Deterrence
• War is not our priority
• Building strong military protects and sustains the relative
peace the nation enjoys and avoids any threat of war
b)Winning the War
• Should deterrence fails, in coordination with all other
instruments of national power, defeat aggression launched on
the country with the lowest cost and the shortest time
possible
10
Principles of Building and Developing National Armed Forces

1. The armed forces must be the reflection of the democratic


system and loyal to the constitution.
2. Build the armed forces that have close tie with the people.
3. Maintain internal democratic relation in the armed forces.
4. Develop highly qualified armed forces but small in number
5. Balanced representation of Ethiopian Nations nationalities
and peoples

11
Mission/Tasks of National Armed Forces
i. Preparing for war
 In peace time prepare for possible war in future
 Preparations made, and the capacity built in peace time, serves to deter future war
 The objective of maintaining peace can be ensured through preparation for war and
observable capacity and skill built
ii. Defeating adversary in war
– In war the main task is to win enemy in short time possible and with the least cost
– The capacity built in peace time enables it to win war by reverting aggression and/
or defeat anti-constitutional war.
– With respect to the provoked aggression, with least preparation, sound planning
and deployment, destroy adversary, abolish the aggression .

12
Contribution of Political, Social, Technological and Economic Factors on
Army and War

• War as a social phenomenon, all other social factors have effect


on its conduct and development positively or negatively
• The study of the history of war and military affairs is inseparably
related with the history of the society
i. Economy
– In order to train, equip, maintain, transport, and sustain the military in
war, there must be economy capable of enduring such burden.
– In all social systems in history the role of economy in developing
military power and conducting war is important.
13
ii. Social and Political Factors

• Politics is the cause of war and war is the means to


achieve political objectives
• All economic, political and social changes are subject to
and determined by the nature of the political system.
• War also is subject to the political system.
• The political system is the decisive force in defining the
mission, organization, purpose and conduct of war.
14
iii. History, Culture…etc
• Play strong role in military organization and conducting war.
iv.Technology
• Technology is the base for economic development
• A society with technological advantage is better in military organization and
conduct of war.
• From Stone Age to nuclear age weapon system exhibits the development of
technology
• The advance in technology has changed the conduct of war.
• Speed and Precession
• Military organization has changed the Battlefield
• Land,---- Sea,----- Air,----- Space
• Reduced the gap between front and rear area 15
The military Profession
composed of uniformed members of the profession, those skilled in arts of
warfare and under unlimited liability in its “killing and dying” aspects.
is a vocation comprised of experts in the ethical design, generation, support,
and application of combat power, serving under Civilian authority, entrusted
to defend the Constitution and the rights and interests of the Ethiopian
people.
A vocation is a calling to undertake a specific kind of work.
 We as soldiers have answered the call of the people of Ethiopia and their
leaders.
The military as an institution establishes a professional culture and identity.
This culture sponsors self-sacrifice, selfless service to the country, and ethos
toward the defense force and its mission. 16
Cont’d….

Military professionals
 are responsible individually to develop and maintain the necessary
moral character and competence
The defense force
 create and maintain its own expert knowledge, its ethic, and its
culture, and identify
 facilitate the developmental tracks necessary for the aspiring
individual to advance in professional knowledge and practice.

17
Cont’d….

Individual members of the military Profession


are distinguished from those of other professions by the “unlimited liability” they assume
in their oaths of service to the Nation.
 The defense force is unifying all the services in one common purpose:
defending the Constitution and protecting the Nation’s interests, at home and
abroad, against all threats.
An Ethiopian Professional Soldier
 is an expert, a volunteer certified in the Profession of Arms, bonded with comrades in a
shared identity and culture of sacrifice and service to the country and the Constitution, who
adheres to the highest ethical standards and is a steward of the future of the profession.

18
Essential Characteristics of the Military Profession

six essential traits that distinguish the Ethiopian armed


forces as a profession.
These essential characteristics are
1. trust of the Ethiopian people
2. internal trustworthiness
3. military expertise
4. esprit de corps(a feeling of pride, fellowship and loyalty uniting the
members of a unit)
5. honorable service and
6. stewardship of the profession.
19
Cont’d…

20
1 Trust

Is a positive relationship with the Ethiopian people based


on mutual trust and respect
is the life-blood of our profession.
 We build and sustain such trust through the active and
continuous presence of the essential characteristics of
the profession.
2 Trustworthiness
is the positive belief and faith in the competence, moral
character, and unwavering commitment of comrades and
fellow professionals
must be shared among comrades both Civilian and
military, between leaders and followers in the chains of
command, between the armed forces and each of their
individual professionals, between units and organizations.
21
3 Military Expertise

 We create our own expert


knowledge, both theoretical and
practical, for the defense of the
Nation through all domain combat
power.
 Such knowledge is unique and is not
generally held outside the
profession.
 The military’s expertise, then, is the
ethical and effective design,
generation, support, and application
of expert of all domain combat
power in the support and defense of
the Ethiopian people.
22
4 Esprit de Corps

• To succeed in difficult and disordered


warfare, we must have spirited, self-aware
professionals who compose cohesive and
effective units embedded in a culture that
sustains traditions, respects customs, and
creates a sense of belonging by inspiring
military excellence and the courage to
never quit.
• Winning in combat is the only acceptable
outcome; we cannot fail the Ethiopian
people.
• Thus the obligation to create and maintain
a dominant, winning spirit within our
Ethic rests with leaders at all levels.
23
5 Honorable Service

• our Profession exists not for ourselves but for the noble and
honorable purpose of preserving peace, supporting and defending the
Constitution, and protecting the Ethiopian people and way of life.
• We are called to perform that duty honorably, with integrity and
respect for human dignity as the Ethiopian people expect, in
accordance with our key Values.
• We are therefore fully committed to more than a job—we are called
to the deep moral obligations of our duty.
• Under that deep commitment we willingly maintain the institution as
subordinate to Civilian authorities and we subordinate our own
interests to those of the mission, being ready, if need be, to sacrifice
in the defense of the country.

24
6 Stewardship of the Profession

Serve daily as Stewards of the Profession


Maintain the Military Ethic.
Because of this unique responsibility,
Military Leaders are the essential of the
Defense Force as a Military Profession.
 Stewardship is the duty of all Ethiopian Army leaders, who are entrusted by
the Ethiopian public to care for the people, resources and the Army
Family.
 Stewardship ensures the Army remains a trusted military profession, both
today and tomorrow.
 Strategic leaders have the special responsibility to reinforce the Army culture of
trust. The Army decisions, directives, policies, programs and systems, made and
approved by Army senior leaders, must reinforce trust to ethically, effectively
and efficiently serve Soldiers, Army Civilians and the Army Family. 25
Military Professions and the Challenges of Future Operating Environment

four types of challenges.


traditional, Irregular, Catastrophic and Disruptive.
 To address traditional challenges, we are extending our mastery of major
combat operations.
 Many capabilities required for major combat operations apply across
the range of military operations. Those capabilities include:-
Strategic and operational mobility
Advanced information systems to support command, control, intelligence, surveillance, and
reconnaissance.
Precision weaponry.
Force protection and
Sustainment

26
Cont’d…
The defense force as an institution is broadening and deepening its ability to
counter irregular challenges
 Preempting catastrophic threats includes deterring the use of or destroying
weapons of mass destruction.
To accomplish these tasks, we are continuously enhancing our capability.
We are increasing our ability to rapidly project forces and decisively maneuver
them over both global and theater distances.

27
Cont’d…

To prepare for disruptive challenges, we are maintaining and


improving range of capabilities, minimizing the potential
for single-point strategic surprise and failure. It is also
developing intellectual capital to power a culture of
innovation and adaptability, our most potent response to
disruptive threats.

28
Military professionalism and the Ethiopian Defense Forces Core Values

The Ethiopian Defense Forces are duty bound to protect the sovereignty of the country
and carryout any responsibilities that are assigned to them under a state of emergency
declared in accordance with the constitution.
The Profession of Arms demands its members live by the core values.
We must provide an example to the world that cannot be diminished by hardships and
challenges.
Each of us takes a personal oath to support and defend the nation.
Our oath demands each of us display moral courage and always do what is right,
regardless of the cost.
We are all volunteers in our willingness to serve and to place others' needs above our
own.

29
MoND Core Values

 The Values guide and develop us into the sort of people we should be
 the Standards explain how we should behave.
 Being a soldier is not easy.
 You are asked to do things not asked of other people.
 You have to be aggressive and strong in battle, yet behave properly and show
self-control all the time.
 You have to fit in and be part of a team.
 You have to trust your teammates and they have to be able to trust you.
 To do all of this, the Ethiopian defense force has four key Values that it requires
you to live by

30
MoND Core Values…

1. Selfless Service
2. Overall personality
3. Unreduced democratic thinking
4. High result/ achievement of duty at any situation

31
1. Selfless service
• Put the welfare of the nation, the  Constitutional loyalty
Army and your subordinates before  Life scarification to secure people and
your own. country (belongingness to the people,
• Selfless service is larger than just country and political system)
one person.  Offer respect and priority to subordinates
• In serving your country, you are
 Commitment
doing your duty loyally without
thought of recognition or gain.  Initiative
• The basic building block of selfless  Respect the profession
service is the commitment of each  Obey law, rules and regulation
team member to go a little further,  Compassion/empathy
endure a little longer, and look a
little closer to see how he or she can
add to the effort.
32
2.Overall personality
• Personality embraces moods,  Moral/courage
attitudes, and opinions and is most  Tackling corruption/free from corruption
clearly expressed in interactions with  Being Responsible
other people.  Transparency and accountability
• It includes behavioral characteristics,  Keep the Dignity (respect your self and
both inherent and acquired, that other)
distinguish one person from another  Keeping secrete or Confidential issues of
and that can be observed in people's o Your country
relations to the environment and to o Your own organization
the social group. o Your peer
o Your subordinate

33
3.Unreduced Democratic thinking

 Strong believe in people


 Democratic and human rights
 Believe in team work and command decision
 Participatory approach

34
4. High result/ achievement at any situation

 Proper and efficient utilization of resources


 Scientific thinking (reasoning, Justification)
 Outstanding initiative
 Innovation
• Service Quality
• Self development
 Effective and efficient achievement of duty
• Prediction/visionary
• Readiness

35
The importance of values in Military organizations

They are principles


They are standards what we want to achieve
They support/provide direction to be key and effective leader
Values are peculiar character in every military or nation
= // =

36

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