CMMI Introduction

CMMI V1.2 Induction – Sep 2007

May 2007
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Version 2.1
Contents

History
Structure of CMMISM
Staged Representation
Continuous Representation

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 History of CMMI

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Looking Back….

US Department of Defense set up the Software Engineering

Institute (SEI) in the 1984
An R & D organization only; custodian on behalf of the
software community for the Capability Maturity Models
Charter is to be the leader in advancing the state of the
practice of software engineering to improve the quality of
systems that depend on software
Is not a “Certification” body

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History of CMMs

CMM for Software Systems Engineering

V1.1 (1993) INCOS SECAM
CMM V1.1 (1995)
(1996)

EIA 731 SECM Integrated Product

Software CMM
(1998) Development CMM
V2, draft C (1997)
(1997)

V1.02 (2001)
V1.1 (2002)
CMMI for Development
CMMI for Acquisition V1.2 (2006) CMMI for Services
V1.2 (2007) V1.2 (2007)

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 CMMI

•Process Improvement Maturity Model for development of products

and services
•Best Practices that address development and maintenance
activities
•Integrates bodies of knowledge essential for development and
maintenance like software, systems & design, and acquisition
•CMMI can be considered as a collection of “practices” that are
necessary to achieve high maturity and capability
•These have been structured and organized into Process Areas
•CMMI Dev V1.2: Continuation and update of CMMI V1.1

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 Structure of CMMI
Development

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The CMMI Dev Document

Composed of Three Parts

Part 1 (About CMMI for development)

 Introduction
 Process Area components
 Tying it all together
 Relationship among Process Areas
 Using CMMI Models

Part 2 (Generic Goals, Generic Practices and Process Areas)

 23 sections
 1 section for generic practices
 22 sections each representing one of the PAs of CMMI Dev

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The CMMI Dev Document

Part 3 (Appendices and Glossary)

 Appendix A - References
 Appendix B - Acronyms
 Appendix C – CMMI for Dev Project participants
 Glossary

There are two representations of the Model:

 Staged
 Continuous

The CMMI Development document is 573 pages

Source: CMU/SEI-2006-TR-008
Can be downloaded in .pdf or .doc format from SEI website

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 Staged Representation

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 Maturity Levels

Improvement
institutionalized Continuously Optimizing
improving (5)
proces
s
Quantitatively Quantitative
Predictable Managed
process control
(4)

Defined Technical practices are

Standard,
consistent (3) integrated with management
process practices and institutionalized

Managed Project Management practices

Disciplined
process (2) are institutionalized

Initial Process in informal and adhoc

(1)
© Software Engineering Institute
“.. is a well-defined evolutionary plateau on the path to becoming a mature
organization”
A higher maturity level includes all lower maturity levels Protection notice / Copyright notice
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Process Capability and the Prediction of
Performance

© Software Engineering Institute

Three results of

Probability

Target N-z
5 Performance continuously

increasing maturity - improves in Level 5

organizations

Difference between Time /$/...

Probability
targeted results and

Target N-y
Based on quantitative
4
understanding of process

actual results and product, performance

continues to improve in
Level 4 organizations

decreases across Time/$/...

Probability
projects

Target N-x
3 With well-defined processes,
performance improves in
Level 3 organizations
Variability of actual
results around Probability
Time/$/...

Target N+a
targeted results 2 Plans based on past
performance are more
realistic in Level 2

decreases organizations

Targeted results Time/$/...

Probability

improve 1 Target N Schedule and cost targets

are typically overrun by
Level 1 organizations.

Time/$/...

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Staged Approach

Proven sequence of typical areas to focus on for

improvement

Permits comparison across organizations -

assessment results can be summarized into a single
rating

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Model Structure – Staged V1.2

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Process Area - Concept

A Process Area (PA) is a cluster of related practices

A set of practices need to be performed to satisfy goals of
a process area
In the staged representation, a process area resides at a
specific maturity level

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 The Process Areas

5 Organizational
Causal Analysis & Resolution 5
Innovation & Deployment

4 Organizational 4
Quantitative Project Management
Process Performance

3
Validation
3
Organizational Training
Verification Risk Management
Organizational Process Definition
Product Integration
Integrated Project Management Decision Analysis & Resolution
+ IPPD
Technical Solution + IPPD
Organizational Process Focus
Requirements Development

2 Supplier Agreement Management Configuration Management 2

Requirements Management
Project Monitoring and Control Process & Product QA
Project Planning Measurement & Analysis

Engineering Project Management Process Management Support

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 Goal - Concept
A Goal is a high-level outcome to be achieved by effective implementation of
practices

There are two kinds of goals in each PA

Specific goals
Generic goals

The concept of Goals is:

 all “institutionalization” related practices have been combined into “Generic
Goals”
If “institutionalization” has taken place, “Generic Goals” are satisfied

There are one to three “Specific Goals” per Process Area

There is one “Generic Goal” (related to institutionalization) per Process Area
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Practice - Concept

A Practice is an action to be performed in order to achieve the goals of

a Process Area

CMMISM contains 2 types of practices:

Specific practices
these differ across Process Areas
Generic practices
these are common across all Process Areas

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Generic Practices

Generic Practices support the Generic Goal of each PA

For a Generic Goal, the Generic Practices are the same

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Discussion

Discussion on Process Area

Participants to be taken through a Process Area like Configuration

Management or Coding

Discussion on:
- Some Specific Practices for the PA
- Example of direct and indirect evidences
- Implementation level concepts
- Generic Practices for the PA – e.g. policy, resources, training,
stakeholders, levels of control, corrective actions, adherence to
process, etc
- Institutionalization of the PA

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 Continuous Representation

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Page 22
Requirements Management
Validation
Verification
Product Integration
Technical Solution

Engineering
Requirements Development

Sep-07
Supplier Agreement Management
Project Monitoring and Control

P&Q
Project Planning
Risk Management
Integrated Project Management + IPPD

Project Management
Continuous View of PAs

Quantitative Project Management

Organizational Training
Organizational Process Definition + IPPD
Organizational Process Focus
Organizational Process Performance
Organizational Innovation & Deployment
Process Management

Configuration Management
Process & Product QA
Measurement & Analysis
Decision Analysis & Resolution
Support

Causal Analysis & Resolution

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Capability Levels

 A capability level is a well-defined evolutionary

plateau describing the organization’s capability
relative to a process area.
 There are six capability levels.
 For capability levels 1-5, there is an associated
generic goal.
 Each level is a layer in the foundation for continuous
process improvement.
 Thus, capability levels are cumulative, i.e., a higher
capability level includes the attributes of the lower
levels.
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The Capability Levels

5 Optimizing
4 Quantitatively Managed
3 Defined
2 Managed
1 Performed
0 Incomplete

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Capability Levels

5-Optimizing

4-Quantitatively
Managed

3-Defined

2-Managed

1-Performed

0-Incomplete

CL/ PA RM RD TS PI VER VAL

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Continuous Approach

Allows selection of process areas to focus on for

process improvement - based on those areas that
impact organization’s business objectives and risks

Does not allow easy comparison across

organizations - however capability levels of individual
PAs can be compared

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Quiz
Q1 Level 5 Process Area focuses on:
b) Process Improvement
c) Measurement and analysis
d) Planning and Tracking

Q2 CMMI requires that the processes are:

 Defined in the QMS
 Defined and practiced in a project
 Defined and practiced in most of the projects

Q3 Organizational Innovation and deployment fulfils one of the requirements of

which Maturity Level:
 Level 2
 Level 5
 Level 4

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Recap…

History
Structure of CMMISM
Staged Representation
Continuous Representation

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Any Questions?

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 Thank You

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