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Single Phase Transformer - Modified - Modified - Part 2

The document discusses open circuit and short circuit tests that are used to determine the parameters of an equivalent circuit model for a transformer. The open circuit test is used to find core loss parameters while the short circuit test is used to find copper loss and impedance parameters. Numerical examples are provided for both tests.

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51 views17 pages

Single Phase Transformer - Modified - Modified - Part 2

The document discusses open circuit and short circuit tests that are used to determine the parameters of an equivalent circuit model for a transformer. The open circuit test is used to find core loss parameters while the short circuit test is used to find copper loss and impedance parameters. Numerical examples are provided for both tests.

Uploaded by

debipraasad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transformer Tests

•The performance of a transformer can be calculated on the basis of


equivalent circuit
•The four main parameters of equivalent circuit are:
- R01 as referred to primary (or secondary R02)
- the equivalent leakage reactance X01 as referred to primary
(or secondary X02)
- Magnetising susceptance B0 ( or reactance X0)
- core loss conductance G0 (or resistance R0)
•The above constants can be easily determined by two tests
- Oper circuit test (O.C test / No load test)
- Short circuit test (S.C test/Impedance test)
•These tests are economical and convenient
- these tests furnish the result without actually loading the
transformer

Electrical Machines
Open-circuit Test
In Open Circuit Test the transformer’s secondary winding is open-circuited, and
its primary winding is connected to a full-rated line voltage.

V0
R0 
Core loss  Woc  V0 I 0 cos 0 Iw
W V0
cos 0  oc X0 
• Usually conducted on I
V0 I 0
H.V side I
I c or I w  I 0 cos 0 G0  w
• To find V0
I m or I   I 0 sin 0  I 02 -I w2
(i) No load loss or core I
I0 B0 
loss I 0  V0 Y0 ;  Yo  V0
V0
(ii) No load current Io Woc
which is helpful in Woc  V02 G 0 ;  Exciting conductance G 0 
V02
finding Go(or Ro ) and Bo
& Exciting susceptance B0  Y02  G02
(or Xo )
Short-circuit Test
In Short Circuit Test the secondary terminals are short circuited, and the
primary terminals are connected to a fairly low-voltage source
The input voltage is adjusted until the current in the short circuited
windings is equal to its rated value. The input voltage, current and power is
measured.

• Usually conducted on L.V side


• To find
(i) Full load copper loss – to pre determine the
efficiency
(ii) Z01 or Z02; X01 or X02; R01 or R02 - to predetermine the
voltage regulation
Contd…

Full load cu loss  Wsc  I sc2 R01


Wsc
R 01 
I sc2
Vsc
Z 01 
I sc
 X 01  Z 012  R012
Numerical problems on OC test and
SCC test
Numerical problems on OC test and
SCC test
Numerical problems on OC test and
SCC test
Numerical problems on OC test and
SCC test
Numerical problems on OC test and
SCC test
Voltage regulation
Voltage regulation
Voltage regulation
Efficiency of Transformer
Polarity test
Back to back test
All day efficiency
out put in watts
ordinary commercial efficiency 
input in watts

output in kWh
 all day  ( for 24 hours)
Input in kWh

•All day efficiency is always less than the commercial efficiency

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