Introduction to

Computer
Week 1 - Applied Business Tools and Technologies
 Objectives
• Identify structures of computer
• Identify components of computer, internally and
externally
• Understand the functions of each components
• Identify different types of computer

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 Agenda
• Define computer
• Structures of computer
• Internal and external components of computer
• Input and output devices
• Computer types

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What is a Computer?
The computer is an electronic device that manipulates
information or data. You can use a computer to type
documents, send email, and browse the internet. It can
also handle office productivity software's and more.

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Computer Structure
2 Important structures of a computer

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Computer Hardware
Computer hardware is a collective term used to describe any of
the physical components of an analog or digital computer. The
term hardware distinguishes the tangible aspects of a computing
device from software, which consists of written, machine-
readable instructions or programs that tell physical components
what to do and when to execute the instructions.
Computer Software
Software is a collection of programs and data that tell a
computer how to perform specific tasks. Software often
includes associated software documentation. This is in
contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and
which actually performs the work.
Computer Hardware
Components of Computer Hardware

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Computer Hardware
Components

• Internal Components
Internal hardware is the hardware inside the computer or is a device that
is installed within the computer.

• External Components
External hardware components, also called peripheral components, are
those items that are often externally connected to the computer to
control either input or output functions.
Internal Components of
Computer Hardware
 Internal Components

Central Process Unit

(CPU)
A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary component
of any computer or electronic device. It’s responsible for
carrying out the instructions given to it by the user. The
CPU acts as the “brain” of the computer — it reads and
interprets commands from software programs and uses
them to control other components within the machine.
 Internal Components

CPU Fan
Central processing unit (CPU) fans: CPU fans are specifically
designed to cool down the processor. They are typically mounted
directly on top of the CPU, dissipating heat generated by the
processor's operation.
 Internal Components

Random Access Memory

(RAM)
RAM allows your computer to perform most of its
everyday tasks, such as loading applications, browsing the
internet, editing a spreadsheet, or experiencing the latest
game. Memory also allows you to switch quickly among
these tasks while also remembering where you are in each
task.
 Internal Components

Solid State Drive (SSD) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a new generation of storage A hard disk drive (HDD) is an internal or external
device used in computers. SSDs store data using flash- computer component that stores data, such as the
based memory, which is much faster than the operating system, applications, and user files. HDDs
traditional hard disks they've come to replace. are “non-volatile” storage devices, meaning they retain
stored data even when power isn't being supplied.
 Internal Components

Motherboard (Mobo)
A motherboard is the main printed circuit board in general-
purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds
and allows communication between many of the crucial
electronic components of a system, such as the central
processing unit and memory, and provides connectors for
other peripherals.
 Internal Components

Expansion Cards
An expansion card, also known as an expansion board or add-on card, is a hardware component that you can insert into a
computer's expansion slot to enhance its functionality. These cards provide additional features and capabilities that the
computer's basic configuration may not have initially included.
 Internal Components

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

A power supply unit converts mains AC to low-voltage

regulated DC power for the internal components of a
computer. Modern personal computers universally use
switched-mode power supplies. Some power supplies have
a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others
automatically adapt to the main voltage.
 Internal Components

Computer Case
A computer case, also known as a computer chassis, is the enclosure that contains most of the hardware of a personal computer.
The components housed inside the case are referred as the internal hardware, while hardware outside the case are known as
peripherals.
External Components of
Computer Hardware
External Computer
Components
• Input Devices
In computing, an input device is a piece of equipment used to provide
data and control signals to an information processing system, such as a
computer or information appliance.

• Output Devices
A piece of equipment/hardware which gives out the result of the entered
input, once it is processed
Input Devices

Keyboard Mouse Microphone

A computer keyboard is a A computer mouse is a hand-held A microphone is a device that

peripheral input device modeled pointing device that detects two- converts sound waves into an
after the typewriter keyboard dimensional motion relative to a electrical signal. It allows you to
which uses an arrangement of surface. This motion is typically
capture audio and transmit it to
buttons or keys to act as translated into the motion of the
various devices, such as
mechanical levers or electronic pointer on a display, which allows a
computers, amplifiers, or
switches. smooth control of the graphical user
recording equipment.
interface of a computer.
Keyboard Keys Functions
Output Devices

Headset Monitor Speaker

A headset is a combination of A computer monitor is an output A computer speaker is a piece of

headphone and microphone. device that displays information in hardware attached to a computer
Headsets connect over a telephone pictorial or textual form. A discrete system used to produce sound.
or to a computer, allowing the user monitor comprises a visual display, The computer's sound card has the
to speak and listen while keeping support electronics, power supply, signal used to generate the sound
both hands free. housing, electrical connectors, and from a computer speaker.
external user controls.
Light-Emitting Diode Liquid Crystal Display Cathode Ray Tube
(LED) (LCD) (CRT)

Monitors
Types of Computer
Kinds - Types

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 Types of Computer

Desktop Computers
A desktop computer is a personal computer designed for regular use
at a stationary location on or near a desk due to its size and power
requirements.
 Types of Computer

Laptop Computer
A laptop, sometimes called a notebook computer by
manufacturers, is a battery- or AC-powered personal
computer (PC) smaller than a briefcase. A laptop can be
easily transported and used in temporary spaces such as on
airplanes, in libraries, temporary offices and at meetings.
 Types of Computer

Servers
A server is a computer or system that provides resources, data,
services, or programs to other computers, known as clients, over a
network. In theory, whenever computers share resources with client
machines they are considered servers.
 Types of Computer

Tablet Computers
A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a
mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system
and touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a
rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat package.
 Types of Computer

Mobile Phones
A mobile device, also referred to as a digital assistant, is a computer
small enough to hold and operate in the hand. Mobile devices
typically have a flat LCD or OLED screen, a touchscreen interface,
and digital or physical buttons. They may also have a physical
keyboard.
 Types of Computer

Game Consoles
A video game console is an electronic device that outputs a
video signal or image to display a video game that can be
played with a game controller.
 Types of Computer

Smart TV
A smart TV is a television that includes an internal processor and
onboard storage and enables internet connectivity, similar to a
smartphone or personal computer. The TV uses either an Ethernet or
Wi-Fi connection to connect to the internet. Some TVs support both.
THE END!
QUIZ TIME

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