G.H.
Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur
(An autonomous Institute under UGC act 1956 &
Affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur )
DEPARTMENT : civil engineering
Section: a
Sixth semester
Session: 2017-18
TAE -2 : POWER POINT
PRESENTATION
Topic : sewer sections
SUBMITED BY : •Amit Hayaran (A-10)
•Amul Tembhare (A-11)
•Ankit Deshbhatare (A-12)
•Anuj Singh (A-14)
SUBMITTED TO : Dr. ISHA P. KHEDIKAR
SEWER’S SECTION
Sewers section’s normally refers to the different shapes of sewers. The shapes of sewers
play an important role in the construction and design process, handling and maintenance
and decide in reducing / increasing the cost.
Generally the sewers of circular shape are adopted because of
following facts :
1. Circular shape affords least perimeter and hence construction cost is minimum for the
same area of other shape.
2. Deposition of organic matter are reduced to minimum because of no corners.
3. They are easy to manufacture or construct and handle.
4. They posses excellent hydraulic properties.
Non-circular shaped sewers are also adopted for the following
reasons:
1. To bring down the cost of construction.
2. to improve the velocity of flow when the depth of sewage is low.
3. to secure more structural strength.
4. to simplify the process of construction.
5. to make them large enough for a man to enter for cleaning or repairing.
The following are the non-circular shaped sewers section
that are more commonly adopted :
• Standard Egg-shaped section
• New egg-shaped section
• Horse shoe shaped section
• Parabolic shaped section
• Semi-elliptical section
• Rectangular shape section
• U-shaped section
• Semi-circular shaped section
• Basket handled shape section
Standard Egg-shaped sewer section :
These types of sewers are generally used in combined sewers.
These sewers can generate self cleansing velocity during dry
weather flow.
The main advantage of this type of sewer is that it
gives slightly higher velocity during low Sewerage
Systems flow than a circular sewer of the same
capacity.
But construction of this section is difficult
and less stable than circular section.
Inverted egg-shaped sewer gives better
stability and carries heavy discharges.
New egg-shaped sewer section :
They are also used in combined sewers.
These sections are always constructed at the site.
At low discharges 2- 15% higher velocities are available for these
type of sections compared to Hydraulically Equivalent Circular
Sections.
It’s invert is small as compare to standard egg section.
Horse shoe shaped sewer section:
This is like a tunnel and resembles a horse-shoe.
The size is so large that the maintenance works within the sewer
are very easy.
This type of sewers are used for the construction in tunnel to
carry heavy discharges, such as truck and outfall sewers.
This is also suitable when the available headroom for the
construction of sewer is limited.
Parabolic section :
o This type of sewers are suitable for carrying comparatively small
quantities of sewage.
oEconomical in construction.
o The invert of sewer may be flat or parabolic and upper arch of the
sewer takes the form of parabola.
Semi-elliptical section :
This type of the section is suitable to carry heavy discharges
& adopted for soft soil, as it is more stable.
The dia. of sewer may be more than 1.8m.
It posses good hydraulic properties except at low depths.
Rectangular shape section :
This type of sewer can be easily constructed.
These are suitable for large sewers to carry heavy discharge of
sewage.
The maintenance works are easy in this section
Rectangular or trapezoidal section is used for conveying storm
water.
It is some times used to work as a storage tank during the tide
it becomes necessary to store the sewage for some period.
U-shaped section :
The shape of sewer resembles the letter ‘U’.
The sewer is suitable for carrying heavy discharges.
Maintenance works are very easy in this type of sewers.
U-shaped section is used for larger sewers and especially in
open cuts.
The trench is known as the cunette and adopted for a
combined sewer having predominant flow of storm water.
Semi-circular shaped sewer section :
This type of sewers are suitable for constructing large sewers
with less available headroom.
It posses better hydraulic properties.
Basket handled shape sewer section :
In this type of sewer, the outer surface is circular.
The inner surface is divided into two portions.
The upper portion resembles a basket-handle and the lower
portion is like a channel.
During dry season, the sewage flows through the lower portion
and during monsoon, the combined sewage flows through the full
section
