• The term “global health” rose in popularity
along with the rise of globalization. Both
terms improved public awareness of
vulnerabilities and shared responsibilities
among people for the different injustices in
the world.
• Global health pertains to various health
issues, concerns, and trends which go beyond
national boundaries and call for global
initiatives for the protection and promotion of
people’s health across the world. – Ilona
Kickbush (2006), director of Global Health Program at
Graduate Institute and Development Studies in Geneva,
Switzerland
• Global health is an area for study,
research and practice that prioritizes
health improvement and achieving
impartiality in healthcare and wellness
worldwide. – Kopland and Associates (2009)
• Global health is a cooperative
research and action of
international communities to
promote health for all. – Kopland
and Associates (2009)
8 MILLENIUM
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
The United Nations Millenium Development Goals are
eight targets that all 191 UN Member States have agreed
to achieve by 2015.
• The United Nations Millenium Declaration,
signed in September 2000 commits world leaders
to fight discrimination against women and
children, disease, hunger, poverty, illiteracy, and
environmental degradation. All of these goals
cannot be attained without addressing each and
everyone. All of them, affect and depend on better
global health programs and policies.
Eradicate Extreme Poverty And
Hunger – Developing Countries
particularly in Africa and Asia suffer
from extreme poverty and hunger.
Poverty and Hunger leads to severe
malnutrition which leads to lifelong
physical and cognitive (learning and
reasoning) damage and affects health,
well-being and the economy.
These are some key suggestions to
eradicate poverty and hunger:
• Education
• Promoting gender equality
• Producing more jobs
• Investing more in agriculture
• Strengthened nutrition programs for
children and infants
• Supports and protection of developing
and vulnerable countries during crises
Achieve Universal Primary Education-
Persons, particularly women who are
educated, are more likely to seek medical
care especially during pregnancy, ensuring
proper nutrition for their family, adopting
Healthy sanitary practices and ensuring
immunization of children. As an effect,
infants and children have better survival
rates, are healthier and better nourished.
Yes, they will have an better life and children who
receive primary education are more likely to:
• Marry and have their own families at a later stage in
life
• Practice family planning and have fewer children
• Know rights, responsibilities and civic obligations
• Seek employment and sustain personal and family
needs
• Have decreased risk and getting sexually transmitted
infections like HIV/AIDS
• Support and protection of developing and vulnerable
countries during crises
Promote Gender Equality And Empower
Women – Gender equality means equal
representation of men and women. It implies
that all gender should have equal value and
treatment. Equal gender treatment empowers
women and other groups creating
opportunities in education, work, finances
and other aspects which improves the
economy and lessen effects of financial
crises.
Gender equality will be achieved through:
• Early childhood development intervention
• Promotion of women’s political rights and
involvement
• Improved reproductive health programs and
policies
• Education and integrating gender equality in
school curriculum.
• Improved women’s access to work and
strengthened labor policies for women.
• Support and protection of developing and
vulnerable countries during crises.
Reduce Child Mortality – Programs and
policies which help reduce child
mortality like improving nutritional
intake, healthcare facilities and
infrastructure, and other fields which
improve children’s lives. Strengthening
local and national health programs and
policies is one way to reduce child
mortality.
In reduction of Child’s mortality rate we
must do this things:
• Immunization program
• Assuring the survival and better
health of mothers
• Improving reproductive health
programs and policies
• Better nutrition program for infants,
children and mothers
Improve Maternal Health – Improved
maternal health is not only about
mother’s health but also involves the
health and wellness of the family.
Maternal Health also helps eradicate
other problems like poverty, gender
inequality, decreased workforce, lower
birth deaths, and disability of women.
These are some ways to improve maternal
health:
• Improved and proper nutrition of mothers
• Teaching the benefits of birth spacing and
small family size
• Educating young boys and girls about the
importance of maternal health
• Better and improved access to hospital care
especially obstetric-gynecology, prenatal and
postnatal care
Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other
Diseases – Emerging and re-emerging
disease like HIV/AIDS, malaria, influenza
and other diseases affect productivity and
growth of nations. Some of the effects of
disease outbreak are loss of jobs, shortage in
professional workers, and creating social
crises. Children are the most vulnerable and
are exposed to exploitation and abuse
undermining their normal growth and
development.
Some ways to combat diseases include effective
prevention, treatment and care like:
• Improved housing conditions
• Increased access to anti-malarial medicines
• Promoting safer sex behaviour and preventive
education for all
• Promoting Tuberculosis (TB) screening of
HIV/AIDS persons and
• TB – Directly Observed Treatment Short (TB-
DOTS) Course therapy
• Promoting use of insecticide –treated nets to
fight mosquito-borne diseases
Ensure Environmental Sustainability-
investing and supporting sustainable
energy like solar, wind and water energy
help support jobs, create business
opportunities, and save remaining non-
renewable energy sources.
Environmental sustainability assures
people to live healthier and enjoy a clean
and green environment.
Some of the benefits of a sustainable
environment are:
• Cleaner air and environment
• Clean, environment-friendly, and
renewable energy
• New and aspiring jobs and business
in energy
• Increased access to sanitation
Global Partnership For Development -
The United Nations World Health
Organization, World Bank and
governments work together to make
sure there is fair trade and that heavily
indebted countries obtain relief and
funds to combat poverty, malnutrition
and funds for education and social
projects.
Some benefits of global partnership are:
• Expanded international trade agreements
• Improved access to affordable medicine
• Reduced poverty through government debt
relief grant
• Developed information and
communication technology (ICT)
infrastructure
