MATHS
ASSIGNMENT
NAME : ANUSH P
REG NO :727723EUEC021
TOPIC : CAYLEY HAMILTON THEOREM
CAYLEY HAMILTON THEOREM
Every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation,
meaning that the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is
zero when it is transformed into a polynomial in the matrix itself.
The Cayley-Hamilton Theorem explains the
connection between a matrix and its characteristic
polynomial. It states that for any square matrix A,
its characteristic polynomial p(A) is zero. A is a
square matrix of order n*n with the characteristic
polynomial p(x)=|A- xI|, where x is variable, and I is
DESCRIPTION:
• The Cayley-Hamilton Theorem explains the
connection between a matrix and
its characteristic polynomial. Let A be
a square matrix of order n*n with the
characteristic polynomial p(x)=|A- xI|, where x is
a variable (Λ can also be used to denote variable
instead of x) and I is an identity matrix. Then,
according to the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, for
any square matrix A, its characteristic
polynomial p(A) is a zero matrix. The square
matrix is a matrix with equal rows and columns.
ADVANTAGES :
• Simplifies matrix expressions:
The theorem can simplify expressions
involving matrix powers, allowing you to evaluate them without
computing higher powers.
• Proves other theorems:
The Cayley-Hamilton theorem is used to
prove other theorems in pure mathematics, such as the Theorem of
Jacobson and Nakayama's lemma.
• Defines control theory concepts:
The theorem is used to define important
concepts in control theory, such as the controllability of linear
systems.
• Example 1:
Using the Cayley Hamilton Theorem find A-1 if A = [1423][1423]
Solution:
A = [1423][1423]
|A| = 3 - 8 = - 5. As |A| ≠≠ 0 thus, A-1 exists.
According to the Cayley Hamilton theorem B2−S1B+S0IB2−S1B+S0I =
0
S1S1 = 1 + 3 = 4, S0S0 = |A| = -5
Thus, the characteristic equation is p(A) = A 2 - 4A - 5I = 0
Multiplying both sides by A-1,
A-1(A2 - 4A - 5I) = 0; (as A-1A = I)
A - 4I - 5A-1 = 0
A-1 = (A - 4I) / 5
A-1 = 1515([1423]−4[1001])([1423]−4[1001]) = 1515([−342−1])
([−342−1])
Answer: A-1 = 1515([−342−1])
