Unit 7: Forces and their

Effects

Salma Adeel ( OCT)

SLO’s
• Describe the effect of different forces on objects at rest and in
motion.
• Draw and analyze force arrows.
• Explain that several forces may act on an object
Forces
• Forces can be difficult to understand as we cannot see
them
• We only know they are there because of their effects
that we can see or measure.
The Effects of forces
• They can change the speed of an object.
Either speeding it up
Slowing it down
Stop it
• Can change the direction of an object
• Can change the shape of an object.
Types of the forces
• Gravity
• Normal force
• Friction
• Applied force
 Push
 Pull
 Thrust
Types of forces
How to show forces
Activity
• Think like a scientist 1 page # 274
• Class Work: Q 1-4 page # 274
• Home Work: Q #7.1 page # 315
First Term Science Syllabus
• Read the
activity on
Page # 275
Activity
• Class work: Answer the questions 1-4 from Activity 7.1.1 on Page #
276
• Home work: Q # 1-4 on page # 276
Lesson# 3, Floating and Sinking
SLO’s
Students will be able to:
• Find out that the mass and density of an object can affect if it floats or
sinks
• Draw arrows in force diagram to show upthrust and gravity
• Explain terms like mass, volume, and density
Forces acting on an object in the
water
Two forces
• Weight due to the force of gravity
• Upthrust
• Upthrust force causes water to be displaced or pushed out of the way
• The idea of displacement was discovered by Archimedes in ancient
Greece.
Forces acting on objects when they
float or sink
• If the mass of the object is less than, or equal to, the mass of the
water displaced by upthrust , the object will float.
• If the mass of the object is greater than the mass of water displaced
by upthrust, the object will sink
Forces acting on objects when they
float or sink
• Sinking or floating depends on density
• Objects with a lower density than water will float
• Objects with higher density will sink
Density and volume
• Density means mass per unit of volume
• Volume is the amount of space that matters occupies or is enclosed
by a surface.
Density and volume
• Food containers are made of
polystyrene.
• Light in weight, having large
volume and less mass, having
space filled with air. ( hollow)
• Nails are made of iron, they are
heavy, having high mass and small
volume, has no space with air
inside them ( Solid)
• The materials packed closed
together, having high density
• It depends on atomic number,
Osmium has atomic number 76
and is more dense than iron having
atomic number 26.
Video
Example: Floats
• Floats have low density, made up of polystyrene, hollow having only
air inside them.
Example: Ships
• Modern ships are made of steel having density of 8-9g/cm3
• Water density is 1.0 g/cm3
• Large ships may have a mass of over 500,000,000 kg
• They have large spaces that contain only air.
• Volume is high but the density of the whole ship is less than the
density of waters
Home work
• Q # 7.2 a, b page # 315
• Questions 1-3 # 282
Lesson # 3
• How the shape of an object affects floating and sinking.
• Calculating density.
SLO’s
Students will be able to:
• explain what density is. Know the relationship between volume, mass,
and density and
• calculate the unknown quantity when the other two are given.
• investigate how the shapes of an object affect floating and sinking
How the shape of an object affects
floating and sinking
Calculating density
• Density means mass per unit volume
• Density= mass/volume (Units= g/cm3 or Kg/m3)
• Mass= Density *volume
• Volume= mass/density
Example:
• A solid block of iron measuring 1 cm*1cm*1cm has a mass of 7.9g.
Find out its density.
• A solid block of polystyrene measuring 1cm*1cm*1cm has a mass of
0.05g. Find out its density.
Questions:
• Wood has a density of 0.43g/cm3. What is the volume of 33 g of
wood?
• Copper has a density of 8.9 g/cm3. What is the volume of 2.78g of
copper?
• An object has a mass of 570 g and a volume of 2280 cm3. Calculate
its density.
• A cat has volume 0.004 m3 and density 980 kg/m3. Calculate
the mass of the cat
• Wood has a density of 0.43g/cm3. What is the volume of 33 g of
wood?
• Copper has a density of 8.9 g/cm3. What is the volume of 2.78g of
copper?
• An object has a mass of 570 g and a volume of 2280 cm3. Calculate
its density. (density ​=0.25 g/cm3)
• A cat has volume 0.004 m3 and density 980 kg/m3. Calculate
the mass of the cat (3.92 kg)
Recap
• Students will write formula of finding density, volume, and mass.
Homework
• A piece of wood has a mass of 8g and a volume of 10cm³. Work out
the density of the wood.
• What is the volume of a piece of metal that has a mass of 300g and
density of 6g/cm³?
• Iron has a density of 7.8g/cm³. A solid iron statue has a mass of
877.5g. Work out the volume of the statue.
• A piece of plastic has a density of 1.3cm³ and a volume of 100cm³.
Work out the mass of the piece of plastic.
Pressure
SLO’s
Students will be able to:
• Recognize that forces can cause pressure on an area
• Explain what affects pressure
• Calculate the pressure caused by a force on an area
Pushing effect of a force
• We can think of pressure as the
pushing effect of a force.
• Pressure= force/area
• Pressure∝ Force
• Pressure∝1/Area
• Unit of pressure is newton's per
meter square or N/m2 or N/cm2
or N/mm2
• F=P*A
• A= F/P
Examples
Calculating pressure
• The weight of the elephant is 50,000N. The total area of all four feet is
0.4m2. What is the total pressure that the elephant exerts on the
ground?
Lesson
• Think like a
scientist 1
page # 292
and 293
Pressure in liquids
Activity
Pressure in the gases
Pressure and depth in gases
• Pressure in the gas increased with depth.
• Atmosphere extends to a height of about 400km above the sea level.
• At sea level atmospheric pressure is highest
• As we go higher in the atmosphere , the air pressure decreases due to
concentration of gas particles decreases, and the weight of air above
your current position decreases
Effect of the atmospheric pressure.
Recap
• QA session
How work
• Q # 1,2,3 page # 297
• Q # 1, 2 on page # 298
Electromagnets
SLO’s
• Students will be able to:
• Explain what is meant by a magnetic field.
• Differentiate between magnets and electromagnets.
• Describe the unique properties of the electromagnets.
• Design an electromagnet
• Investigate the factors that affect the strength of an electromagnet.
• Describe some applications of electromagnets.
Electromagnet
• Acts as a magnet, but the strength of its magnetic field
can be varied and even turned off.
• Magnetic field: it is the area around a magnet where
the effects of the magnet can be detected. It is
strongest at the poles.
• Magnetic field can be detected by:
See whether a magnetic object moves because of attraction
Use a compass
Magnetic field lines
Magnetic field lines
• Rules
• Join opposite poles
• Arrows that point N S
• Must not touch each other
• Must not cross each other
How to identify which magnet is stronger:
All the field lines will be closer together.
The field lines will extend further
away from the magnet.
Magnetic filed
• Two north poles repel
• Two south poles repel
• A north and south pole attract.
Questions 1-4 page # 304
How to make an electromagnet
Poles of an electromagnet
• Use a magnetic compass. A magnetic compass paints along magnetic
field lines, so will point towards the south pole.
• Use a bar magnet with known poles. Opposite poles will attract.
Poles of electromagnet can be reversed by:
• Wrap the coil around in the opposite directions
• Reverse the connections on the cell or power supply.
Activity
• Design an electromagnet.
• Apparatus: copper wire, battery, paper clip, iron nail.
AFL
• Q/A
Wrap up:
• Teacher will summaries the lesson
Home work
• Q # 1-4 on page # 307
Application of electromagnet
Students will be able to:
• Differentiate between magnets and electromagnets.
• Describe the unique properties of the electromagnets.
• Design an electromagnet
• Investigate the factors that affect the strength of an electromagnet.
• Describe some applications of electromagnets.
Application of electromagnet
• Fire door
• MRI ( magnetic resonance imaging)
• Sorting scrap metal
• Toaster
• Electric motors
• Maglev train
• Loudspeakers
• Electric bell
Video
Classwork
• Q1-5 on page # 307
• H.W: Q # 1-43on page # 309
AFL
• Write one application of electromganet
Wrap up
• Teacher will summarize the lesson