Engineering Mechanics-I

(Statics)
 Gambella University
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Civil Engineering

Course: Engineering Mechanics-I

(Statics)

Prepared by: Mach Kapduel B.

 Course Objective and Learning Outcomes:
Up on successful completion of the course,
students will be able to:
 Distinguish between concurrent, coplanar and
space force systems
 Compute the resultant of coplanar and space force
systems
 Draw free body diagrams, Analyze reactions and
pin forces induced in coplanar and space systems
using equilibrium equations and free body
diagrams
 Determine the centroid and center of mass of
plane areas & volumes
 Continued…
Represent distributed force with equivalent
resultant force which has the same effect as
the distributed forces
 Draw shear force & bending moment
diagrams
 Determine friction forces and their
influence up on equilibrium of systems
Apply sound analytical techniques and
logical procedure in the solution of
Engineering problems
 Continued…
 Ability to define and apply the concepts of
equilibrium;
 Demonstrate familiarity with structural
analysis of trusses, frames and beams and
application of mechanics to Engineering
Problems.
 Chapter 1: Scalars and Vectors
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Scalars and Vectors
1.3. Operation with Vectors
 Vector Addition or Composition
 Vector Multiplication: Dot & Cross
 Chapter 2: Force Systems

2.1 Introduction
I. Two Dimensional Force Systems
 2.2 Rectangular Resolution of Forces
 2.3 Moment and Couple
 2.4 Resultants of general coplanar force
systems
II. Three Dimensional Force Systems
 2.5 Rectangular Components
 2.6 Moment and Couple
 2.7 Resultants
 Chapter 3: Equilibrium

3.1 Introduction
I. Equilibrium in Two Dimensions
3.2 System Isolation
3.3 Equilibrium Conditions
II. Equilibrium in Three Dimensions
3.4 System Isolation
3.5 Equilibrium Conditions
 Chapter 4: Analysis of simple Structures

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Plane Trusses
4.2.1 Method of Joints
4.2.2 Method of Sections
4.3 Frames and Simple Machines
 Chapter 5: Internal Actions in beams

 5.1 Introduction
 5.2 Diagrammatic conventions and
classification of beams
 5.3 Diagrammatic representations of internal
actions in beams
 5.4 Types of loads and reactions
 5.5 Shear force and bending moment in beams
 5.6 Relation between the static functions and
their applications
 5.7 Relations among load, shear, and bending
moments
 Chapter 6: Centroids

6.1 Introduction,
6.2 Center of gravity
6.3 Centroids of lines, Areas, and
Volumes
6.4 Centroids of composite bodies
6.5 Determination of centroid by
integrations
6.6 Distributed loads in beams
 Chapter 7: Area Moments of Inertia

 7.1 Introduction to area moments of inertia

 7.2 Moment of inertia of plane areas and
curves
 7.3 Moments of inertia of Composite areas
 7.4 Products of Inertia and Rotation of Axes
• Chapter 8: Friction
 8.1 Introduction
 8.2 Types of Friction
 8.3 Characteristics of dry friction
 8.4 Application of Friction in Machines
 Preface of the Book
What is mechanics????
How many branches of solid mechanics are
there????
Who are the great contributors of solid
mechanics????
Isaac Newton????
Kepler????
J.L. Meriam and L.G Kraige????
 The innovations and contributions of Dr. Meriam
(1917–2000) to the field of engineering mechanics
cannot be overstated.
 He was one of the premier engineering educators of
the second half of the twentieth century.
 Dr. Meriam earned his B.E., M. Eng., and Ph.D.
degrees from Yale University.
 He had early industrial experience with Pratt and
Whitney Aircraft and the General Electric Company.
During the Second World War he served in the U.S.
Coast Guard.
He was a member of the faculty of the
University of California–Berkeley,
Dean of Engineering at Duke University,
A faculty member at the California
Polytechnic State University–San Luis Obispo,
and visiting professor at the University of
California– Santa Barbara, finally retiring in
1990.
Professor Meriam always placed great emphasis
on teaching, and this trait was recognized by his
students wherever he taught.
At Berkeley in 1963, he was the first recipient of
the Outstanding Faculty Award of Tau Beta Pi,
given primarily for excellence in teaching.
In 1978, he received the Distinguished Educator
Award for Outstanding Service to Engineering
Mechanics Education from the American Society
for Engineering Education,
and in 1992 was the Society’s recipient of the
Benjamin Garver Lamme Award, which is ASEE’s
highest annual national award.
 Philosophy
 The primary purpose of the study of engineering mechanics is to
develop the capacity to predict the effects of force and motion
while carrying out the creative design functions of engineering.
 This capacity requires more than a mere knowledge of the
physical and mathematical principles of mechanics; also required is
the ability to visualize physical configurations in terms of real
materials, actual constraints, and the practical limitations which
govern the behavior of machines and structures.
 One of the primary objectives in a mechanics course is to help the
student develop this ability to visualize, which is so vital to
problem formulation.
 Indeed, the construction of a meaningful mathematical model is
often a more important experience than its solution.
 Maximum progress is made when the principles and their
limitations are learned together within the context of engineering
application.
89 Sample Problems appear on specially
colored pages by themselves.
The solutions to typical statics problems are
presented in detail.
In addition, explanatory and cautionary notes
(Helpful Hints) in blue type are number-keyed
to the main presentation.
There are 1058 homework exercises, of which
approximately 50 percent are new to the
Seventh Edition.
The problem sets are divided into Introductory
Problems and Representative Problems
 Introduction
• 1/1 Mechanics
• 1/2 Basic Concepts
• 1/3 Scalars and Vectors
• 1/4 Newton’s Laws
• 1/5 Units
• 1/6 Law of Gravitation
• 1/7 Accuracy, Limits, and Approximations
• 1/8 Problem Solving in Statics
• 1/9 Chapter Review
Mechanics:-
⩥ is the physical science which deals with the effects of

⩥ No other subject plays a greater role in engineering

forces on objects.

⩥ Although the principles of mechanics are few, they have

analysis than mechanics.

⩥ The applications are seen in the fields of:

wide application in engineering

 vibrations, stability and strength of structures and

machines,
 robotics, rocket and spacecraft design, automatic control,
engine performance, fluid flow, electrical machines and
apparatus, and molecular, atomic, and subatomic
behavior.
 A thorough understanding of this subject is an essential
Basic Concepts:
Space: is the geometric region occupied by bodies whose positions are
described by linear and angular measurements relative to a coordinate
system.
Time: is the measure of the succession of events and is a basic quantity in
dynamics. Time is not directly involved in the analysis of statics problems.
Mass: is a measure of the inertia of a body, which is its resistance to a
change of velocity.
 Mass can also be thought of as the quantity of matter in a body.
 The mass of a body affects the gravitational attraction force between it
and other bodies.
Force: is the action of one body on another. A force tends to move a body
in the direction of its action.
 The action of a force is characterized by its magnitude, by the direction of
its action, and by its point of application.
 Thus force is a vector quantity, and its properties are discussed in detail in
Chapter 2.
Rigid body: A body is considered rigid when the change in
distance between any two of its points is negligible for the
purpose at hand.
For instance, the calculation of the tension in the cable
which supports the boom of a mobile crane under load is
essentially unaffected by the small internal
deformations in the structural members of the boom.
For the purpose, then, of determining the external forces
which act on the boom, we may treat it as a rigid body.
Statics deals primarily with the calculation of external
forces which act on rigid bodies in equilibrium.
Determination of the internal deformations belongs to
the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies, which
normally follows statics in the curriculum
 1/3 Scalars and Vectors

• Examples of scalar quantities are time, volume,

density, speed, energy, and mass.
• Vector quantities on the other hand, possess
direction as well as magnitude, and must obey
the parallelogram law of addition as described
later in this article.
• Examples of vector quantities are displacement,
velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and
momentum.
• Vectors representing physical quantities can be
classified as free, sliding, or fixed.
Conventions for Equations and Diagrams
 Working with Vectors
• *This is the principle of transmissibility

𝐯 = 𝐯 𝟏 + 𝐯𝟐
Continued…

𝐯 = 𝐯 𝟏 − 𝐯𝟐
Continued…

)
V=Vn
 1/4 Newton’s Laws
First Law
Second law
Third law
1/5 Units
1/6 Law of Gravitation
Gravitational Attraction of the Earth
 1/8 Problem Solving in Statics

• Reading Assignment !!!!!

 2/1 Introduction
In this and the following chapters, we study
the effects of forces which act on engineering
structures and mechanisms.
The experience gained here will help you in
the study of mechanics and in other subjects
such as stress analysis, design of structures
and machines, and fluid flow.
This chapter lays the foundation for a basic
understanding not only of statics but also of
the entire subject of mechanics, and you
should master this material thoroughly.
 2/2 Force
A force has been defined in Chapter 1 as an
action of one body on another.
In dynamics we will see that a force is defined
as an action which tends to cause acceleration
of a body.
A force is a vector quantity, because its effect
depends on the direction as well as on the
magnitude of the action.
Thus, forces may be combined according to
the parallelogram law of vector addition
• External and Internal Effects
Principle of Transmissibility

Force Classification
 (Contact and Body forces)
 (Concentrated and Distributed)
Action and Reaction
Concurrent Forces

𝐑 =𝐅 𝟏 + 𝐅 𝟐
Vector Components
the force R in Fig. 2/3a may be replaced by, or
resolved into, two vector components F1 and F2
with the specified directions by completing the
parallelogram as shown to obtain their
magnitudes.
A Special Case of Vector Addition
 SECTION A: TWO-DIMENSIONAL FORCE
SYSTEMS
2/3 Rectangular Components
(*Perpendicular projections are also called
orthogonal projections.)

𝐅 =𝐅 𝐱 + 𝐅 𝐲
Or in terms of unit vectors:
j
Conventions for Describing Vector Components
It is desirable to show the vector components
of the force with dashed lines, and show the
force (Resultant) with a solid line
Try the following
Actual problems do not come with reference axes,
so their assignment is a matter of arbitrary
convenience, and the choice is frequently up to
the student.
Determining the Components of a Force
Dimensions are not always given in horizontal
and vertical directions, angles need not be
measured counterclockwise from the x-axis,
and the origin of coordinates need not be on
the line of action of a force (as shown above
in figure 2/6)
 2/4 Moment

In addition to the tendency to move a body in

the direction of its application, a force can also
tend to rotate a body about an axis.
The axis may be any line which neither
intersects nor is parallel to the line of action
of the force.
This rotational tendency is known as the
moment M of the force.
Moment is also referred to as torque.
 Moment about a Point

• M = F.d
 The Cross Product
• where r is a position vector which runs from
the moment reference point A to any point on
the line of action of F.
• The magnitude of this expression is given by*

• M=Fr =Fd
 Varignon’s Theorem
One of the most useful principles of
mechanics is Varignon’s theorem, which states
that the moment of a force about any point is
equal to the sum of the moments of the
components of the force about the same point
2/5 Couple
2/6 Resultants
 Dot Product
 The dot product of two vectors P and Q, is defined
as the product of their magnitudes times the
cosine of the angle between them.
 It is written as:

We can view this product either as the

orthogonal projection P of P in the
direction of Q multiplied by Q, or
as the orthogonal projection Q of Q in the
Angle between Two Vectors
2/8 Moment and Couple
2/9 Resultants
Exercises
Try the followings
 Chapter-4
Analysis of simple Structures
 4.1 Introduction
 4.2 Plane Trusses
 4.2.1 Method of Joints
 4.2.2 Method of Sections
 4.3 Frames and Simple Machines
• Plane Trusses
Center of masses and Centroids
SPECIAL TOPICS
Internal Actions of Beams
Properties of Geometrical Figures
The End