GOVT INSTITUTE FOR TRAINING OF

TRAINERS BHOPAL (M.P)

A PRESENTATION ON:- STARTER OF DC MOTOR

ELECTRICIAN BATCH “B”

SUBMITTED TO:- VAIBHAV JAIN SIR PRESENTATION BY:- RAHUL SHARMA
TYPE’S OF DC MOTOR
STARTER
Objective – After the completion of
this lesson, the trainees will be able to
tell-
 What is a DC Motor starter
 Why do we need A DC motor starter
 Advantages And disadvantages of DC starters
 Type’s of dc starter
 2 point starter working principle
 3 point starter working principle
 4 point starter working principle
What is DC Motor starter
 A DC motor starter is an electrical device used to safely start
and protect a DC motor. It limits the high inrush current drawn
by the motor when it starts, preventing damage to the motor
windings and other electrical components. Additionally, it
ensures smooth operation by controlling the starting current,
which helps to avoid mechanical stress.
Why do we need A DC motor starter

 Prevent High starting current – When a DC motor starts, it

draws a large surge of current, which can be up to 5 to 7
times the rated current. This can cause excessive wear
and tear, overheating, and potential damage to the motor.
 Motor protection – The starter protects the motor from
overloads and short circuits, ensuring its longevity
 Smooth operation – It provides a smooth and controlled
start, preventing sudden shocks to the motor and
connected equipment
 Energy efficiency –It helps in reducing energy
consumption during the start-up phase
Advantages of using DC motor starte

 Prevents motor damage –By limiting the starting

current, the starter prevents overheating and
potential damage to the motor
 Smooth start-up –The motor starts smoothly,
avoiding mechanical shocks to connected
equipment
 Increase motor life –Protects the motor from
sudden overloads, enhancing the motor’s
operational life
 Prevents electrical failure –Protects the system
from electrical faults such as short circuits or
overloads
Disadvantages of DC motor

 Cost –Starters, especially automatic ones, can

increase the overall cost of the motor system
 Maintenance –Mechanical starters (e.g., with
field or armature resistance) require regular
maintenance and inspection
 Complexity –Automatic starters may require
more complex setup and troubleshooting
compared to manual starters
2 Point starter / Series Starter
 ‘L’ Line terminal. (Connected to positive of supply.)
 ‘F’ Field terminal. (Connected to the field winding.)
 The start arm is simply moved towards right to start the motor.
 Thus, maximum resistance is connected in series with the armature
during starting
 Then gradually decreased as the start arm moves towards right.
 This starter is sometimes also called as a 2 point starter.
 The no load release coil holds the start arm to the run position and
leaves it when the voltage is lost.
2 Point Starter / Series Starter
3 Point starter
 'L' Line terminal. (Connected to positive of supply.)
 'A' Armature terminal. (Connected to the armature winding.)
 'F' Field terminal. (Connected to the field winding.)
 When the motor starter is activated, the current from the power
supply flows to the motor through the starter
 The field windings (connected to Pin 3) are energized, which creates
a magnetic field necessary to drive the armature in the motor
(connected to Pin 2).
 A resistor or other control device in the starter can limit the current
during the initial motor start-up, preventing damage due to high
inrush currents.
 After the motor reaches a certain speed, the starter may disengage
the current- limiting resistor, allowing the motor to operate at full
speed and power.
 Draw backs of 3 Point starter

 To increase the speed of the motor field resistance can be

increased.
 Therefore current through shunt field is reduced.
 Field current becomes very low which results in holding
electromagnet too weak to overcome the force exerted by the
spring.
 The holding magnet may release the arm of the starter during the
normal operation of the motor and thus disconnect the motor from
the line
 This is not desirable. A four point starter is thus used.
4 Point starter

 L' Line terminal. (Connected to positive of supply.)

 'A' Armature terminal. (Connected to the armature winding.)
 'F' Field terminal. (Connected to the field winding.)
 ‘N’ terminal. (Connected to the No Voltage Coil NVC) It can also be
used to control the connection of the motor to the power supply.
4 Point starter
Powering the Motor (Initial Conditions):

 1-Powering the Motor (Initial Conditions):

 When the starter switch is turned on, the power supply (Pin 1) is
connected to the motor’s armature (Pin 2) and field windings (Pin
3).
 At this point, the motor begins to draw current, and the armature
starts to rotate, creating mechanical motion.

 2-Current Limiting and Motor Start-Up:

 To prevent a large inrush current that could damage the motor or

the power supply, the starter may incorporate a resistor or
current limiting device in series with the motor’s armature during
start-up. This limits the initial current drawn by the motor.
 As the motor accelerates, the resistance gradually decreases or
is bypassed, allowing the motor to run at full speed
 3-Field Windings (Pin 3):
 Pin 3 is connected to the field windings, which are energized by the
supply voltage. The current flowing through these windings creates
the magnetic field that interacts with the armature to produce
rotation.
 By adjusting the voltage to the field windings, the speed of the motor
can be controlled. For example, reducing the field current results in
higher motor speed, and increasing the field current results in lower
speed.
 4-Overload and No-Volt Protection (Pin 4):
 No-Volt Coil: Pin 4 is connected to a no-volt coil. If there is a drop in
voltage or a power failure, the no-volt coil de-energizes and causes
the motor to stop. This is an important safety feature to prevent the
motor from continuing to run under unsafe conditions.
 Overload Protection: Pin 4 also connects to an overload relay. If the
motor draws too much current (indicating an overload), the relay trips
and disconnects the motor from the power supply, preventing
overheating and damage to the motor windings
 5-motor running
 Once the motor reaches a certain speed, the starter bypasses the series
resistor (if present) to allow the motor to run at full speed and torque.
 The motor continues to run as long as the voltage is sufficient, and the
current does not exceed the rated value.
 6-safety and Protection
 The starter ensures that the motor operates under safe conditions. The
overload relay protects the motor from running under excessive load,
and the no-volt coil ensures that the motor is not damaged if there is a
voltage drop or loss of supply.
 These protection features help maintain the motor’s longevity and
prevent damage from abnormal operating conditions.
 Summary
 The 4-pin DC motor starter works by controlling the power supplied to
the motor, limiting inrush current during start-up, and providing
protection against overcurrent and under-voltage conditions. Pin 1
connects the power supply, Pin 2 connects to the armature, Pin 3
connects to the field windings, and Pin 4 handles control functions
such as overload and no-volt protection. This starter ensures that the
motor operates smoothly, safely, and efficiently.
Application:

 1.what is a use of NVC coil ?

 2.Which Starter is use for series motor ?
 3.What is a work of OLR in Starter ?
 4.why we need 4 point starter?
DC MOTOR STARTERS

 Voltage equation of a DC motor is

V = Eb + IaRa
 Ia = (V - Eb) /Ra
 A large current flows through the armature during starting.
 This current is large enough to damage the armature circuit.