Volcanic Eruption: Effects and
Safety Measure
Representation
By
Group 1
Mayon Volcano is one of the country’s pride and tourist
attraction
because of its beauty and near perfect cone. Its lower slope is
fertile with
heavy vegetation. But the soil near the crater is always hot and
can’t be
found.
It is one of the most active volcano in the Philippines. There
have
been more than 30 eruptions recorded since 1616.
Its most violent and deadly eruption happened on February 1,
1814,
when the entire town of Cagsawa was buried and approximately
1,200
people were killed. PHIVOLCS said that is it the most destructive
eruption
of Mayon, when it erupted with "plinian, pyroclastic flows" and
"volcanic
lightning and lahar" (GMA Network 2013). Today, the remains of
the
church tower and of the priest’s house and convent remain as a
reminder
of that frightful event.
The most recent eruption on January 22, 2018 began
Questions
1.Why do think many people died during the 1814 Mayon
eruption?
2. What do you think made a difference in the number of
casualties
between the 1814 eruption and the 2018 eruption? 3
How do volcanic eruptions affect society ?
Health
Respiratory issues: Volcanic ash and gases can make it difficult to
breathe
Skin, eye, and nose irritation: Volcanic ash and gases can irritate the
skin, eyes, and nose
Psychological effects: Volcanic eruptions can cause trauma and
psychological effects
Infrastructure
Building damage: Ash can accumulate on roofs and cause
buildings to collapse
Contaminated water: Volcanic ash and gases can
contaminate water supplies
Damaged machinery: Volcanic ash and gases can damage
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machinery
Social responses
Risk-taking behavior: Volcanic eruptions can lead
to risk-taking behavior
Social or cultural degradation: Volcanic eruptions
can lead to social or cultural degradation
How do volcanoes affect people?
Volcanoes affect people in many ways, some are good, some
are not. Some of the bad ways are that houses, buildings,
roads, and fields can get covered with ash. As long as you can
get the ash off (especially if it is wet), your house may not
collapse, but often the people leave because of the ash and
are not around to continually clean off their roofs. If the
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ashfall is really heavy it can make it impossible to breathe.
How do volcanic eruptions affect
■ Lava bombs and pyroclastic society ? on the earth's surface
flows pouring fire
and burning it.
flows ,red hot rock and other pyroclastic materials can damage or destroy
houses,Hartland,crops, as well as infrastructures.
Lahar can overwhelm and completely bury whole village and fams just
like what happens in Zambales, Tarlac and Pampanga afterthe 1991
mount pinatubo eruption.
■volcanic gaseous emission uch as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and
sulfur dioxide from erupting volcano can suffocate, poison or induce health
problems among humans and animals
■Eruptions clouds have been proven to be extremely dangerous to
airplanes as the ash shut down the engines
volcanic ash deposited on roofs can also cause the roof to cave in and hurt the
house
can also accumulate in rivers and accupants.
other waterways and can cause floods. 6
prepare before, during and after volcanic
Before the eruption: eruption.
1. Talk with your family about volcanoes and what to do in
case of a
volcanic eruption.
2. Keep informed on the current situation of the volcano by
listening to the
news over the radio, television, and the internet.
3. Prepare mask/gas mask and goggles for each member of
the family.
4. Put important things that you need in a bag ready for
possible 7
evacuation like food and water, first aid kit, masks, clothes,
During the eruption:
1. Be updated for emergency information or instructions from
local
officials.
2. Keep calm and follow any evacuation orders issued by
authorities.
Evacuate immediately to avoid flying debris, hot gases, and
lava flow.
3. If you are indoors, close all windows, doors to keep volcanic
ash from
entering. Stay inside the house/building/evacuation center.
If you are outdoors, seek shelter indoors. Stay out of restricted
zones.
4. Avoid low-lying areas like river valleys or areas located 8
downwind of the
After the eruption:
1. Let friends and family know you
2.
areListen
safe.to the radio updates, alert signals, or advice from
the
authorities.
3. Stay in the evacuation center until it is safe for you to
return home.
4. Stay indoors away from volcanic ashfall areas.
5. Wear dust mask, goggles, and protective clothing
whether you are
indoors or outdoors.
6. Keep animals away from ashfall. Wash animals’ paws and
fur to 9
prevent them from inhaling or ingesting ash when they
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer
and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What must people do after the authorized agency announced that a
volcano near the vicinity is about to erupt?
A. Stay in the house and wait until ashes starts to fall before
evacuating.
B. Secure the roof of houses.
C. Leave the area as instructed/ordered.
D. Ignore it and live as usual.
2. Which of the following is the most significant action to take
before a
volcanic eruption?
A. Stay calm and encourage others not to panic, do nothing and
let
nature do its thing.
B. Secure the plants in the garden and the house.
C. Make a research about volcanic eruption.
D. Keep updated on the current situation and prepare
necessities.
3. Ashes from an erupting volcano starts to fall. How can you
protect your 10
health in this situation?
4. Which situation shows a harmful effect of volcanic eruption?
A. Ashes enhance fertility of the soil.
B. Destruction of properties and pollution.
C. Geothermal energy may be generated.
D. Great scenery improves tourism.
5. Which of the following are the most essential if you are
going to
evacuate?
A. Flashlights, vitamins, water, and toys.
B. Food, water, and clothes.
C. Pets, food, and chairs.
D. Water, blanket, pillows, and tables.
6. A volcanic eruption is over. What should people do?
A. Return to their homes immediately.
B. Cultivate the land and plant again.
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C. Check and reconstruct the properties if needed.
7. People were allowed by the authorities to go home after a
volcano
eruption. What should a family do upon arriving at their
house?
A. Bring in the children and let them stay in the house.
B. Check the condition of the house and clear the roof of
ashes.
8. Which of the following listed below is a positive effect of
C. Cultivate the soil in the garden.
volcanic
D. Save and store more food and water
activity?
A. Makes soil infertile for farming.
B. Increase Earth’s surface temperature.
C. Heat energy from a volcano can make electricity.
D. Your
9. Provide valuable
family nutrients
had to move for plants,
to Camiguin Islandanimals, and humans
several kilometers
away
from Mount Hibok-Hibok which is an active volcano. Knowing that
you
live near an active volcano, what information should you know, and
preparations should you make in case the volcano will show signs
of
an eruption?
A. Be prepared for a possible volcanic eruption by discussing a
disaster preparedness plan with the family and preparing a bag of 12
clothes, footwear, non-perishable food, bottled water, toiletries,
10. When volcano erupts it throws out a lot of ash. What would be the
long-term effect to the agricultural land of the locality?
A. It can cause drying of vegetation around volcano.
B. It makes the soil not suitable for planting.
C. It produces extraordinarily rich soil for farming.
D. It provides minerals used by plants and humans.
11. Which of the following is NOT an important part of an emergency
supply kit?
A. Batteries C. Video games
B. Flashlights D. Water
12. Which of the following statement is a negative aspect of volcanic
eruption?
A. Create new land.
B. Displace populations.
C. Provides tourism.
D. Reduce global temperature.
13. Which of the following situation is best thing to do before volcanic
eruption?
A. Close all doors and windows.
B. Clean everything around you.
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C. Prepare an emergency supply kit.
D. Prioritize the safety of animals and plants before other things.
14. Which one does NOT show precautionary measures after
volcanic
eruption?
A. Use mask while cleaning.
B. Wait for further announcement.
C. Check electrical appliances before using.
D. Make a complete inventory of the properties.
15. Why do we need to follow safety measures before,
during and after
volcanic eruption?
A. Agree with the local authorities.
B. Prevent volcanic activity from coming.
C. Save lives and properties.
D. Stop volcanic activity when it happens.
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STROMBOLIAN
ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Short, explosive eruptions shoot thick and pasty
lava, steam, and gas into the air, producing little to
no lava. The resulting steep-sided cone is called a
cinder cone.
EXAMPLES:
Named after the volcanic island of Stromboli near
Italy, eruptions have been occurring almost
continuously for centuries. Due to its frequent
eruptions, Stromboli is often referred to as the
"Lighthouse of the Mediterranean," as it erupts
approximately every 20 minutes.
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VULCANIAN ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Vulcanian eruptions produce high dark clouds of
steam, ash, and gas, which build a cauliflower-
shaped head and a thinner, tree trunk-like base.
After this, thick pasty lava is ejected. These
eruptions usually build a steep-sided cone that is
more symmetrical than a cinder cone.
EXAMPLES:
Krakatoa (Krakatau) in Indonesia, and Katla
in Iceland
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STRATOVOLCANOES ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
The most common type of volcanic cone, first the
volcano will have an explosive eruption that ejects
huge amounts of steam, gas, and ash followed by the
ejection of lava. They are created from a combination
of eruptions forming layers of ash and lava.
EXAMPLES:
Mt. Fuji in Japan, and Mt. Etna in Sicily
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PELEAN ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Violent explosion resulting in the collapse of the
volcano's summit and the release of a destructive
pyroclastic flow. This flow is a rapid and
destructive mixture of hot ash, gas, and rocks that
annihilates everything in its path.
EXAMPLES:
Mount Pelée in Martinique, and Soufrière
Hills in Montserrat
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PLINIAN ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
The most powerful eruption type,
with a towering ash cloud reaching
up to 50,000 feet (about 10 miles)
in height, and extremely dangerous
pyroclastic flows.
EXAMPLES:
Mt. Vesuvius in Pompei, and Mount St.
Helens in United States
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MATERIALS FROM
VOLCANO
ERUPTION
S
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LAVA
Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption.
PYROCLASTIC MATERIAL:
Fragments of lava, ash, and rock ejected into the air during
explosive eruptions.
VOLCANIC ASH:
Fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock that can be carried
by wind over long distances.
VOLCANIC
GASES:
Gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide,
and others, released during eruptions.
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PREPARING FOR
VOLCANO
ERUPTION
S
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Volcanic eruptions can be dangerous, but with proper
preparation, we can stay safe. Here's how:
STAY INFORMED EMERGENCY PLAN EMERGENCY KIT EVACUATION ROUTES
Pay attention to Create a family Prepare a kit Familiarize
official emergency plan with essential yourself with
warnings, that includes items like food, evacuation
updates, and meeting points, water, first aid routes and
evacuation communication supplies, practice
orders from methods, and a flashlights, and evacuation drills
local designated batteries. with your family. 24
authorities. emergency kit.
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THANK
YOU!
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