WATER

SUPPLY
INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES, SOURCES,
REQUIREMENT AND TREATMENT
 WATER SUPPLY

CONTENTS
1. ………………………………….........................INTRODUCTION
2. …………………………………….WATER AND ITS PROPERTIES
3. …………………….WATER SUPPLY – DEFINITION AND
PURPOSE
4. …….........................................................SPECIALTY IN SERVICE
5. ………..........................OBJECTIVES AND THEIR
ACHIEVEMENTS
6. ………………………………….............SUPPLY REQUIREMENT
7. .....................................................................SOURCES OF SUPPLY
8. …………………………………………..RECYCLING OF WATER

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 WATER SUPPLY

INTRODUCTION
o WHAT IS WATER?
o WHAT IS WATER SUPPLY?
o WHAT IS SANITATION OR WASTE DISPOSAL?
o WHAT IS DRAINAGE SYSTEM?
o WHAT IS SEWERAGE?
o WHAT IS FIRE SUPPRESSION?
o HOW DO ALL THESE SYSTEMS WORK?
o HOW ARE ALL THESE SYSTEMS INTERLINKED?
o WHAT IS THE ROLE OF AN ARCHITECT IN THE
DESIGNING OF THESE SYSTEMS?

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WATER AND ITS PROPERTIES

o WATER IS THE MOST
ABUNDANT COMPOUND ON
EARTH'S SURFACE,
COVERING ABOUT 70
PERCENT OF THE PLANET.
IN NATURE, WATER EXISTS
IN LIQUID, SOLID, AND
GASEOUS STATES.
o DENSITY: 1,000.00 KG/M³
o MOLAR MASS: 18.01528 G/MOL
o FORMULA: H2O
o MELTING POINT: 0.0 °C
o BOILING POINT: 99.98 °C
o IUPAC ID: OXIDANE, WATER
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 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY
DEFINITION AND PURPOSE
o DEFINITION:
o A COMPLEX OF
ENGINEERING WORKS
AND MEASURES AIMED
AT CATCH,
TRANSPORTATION,
PURIFICATION, STORAGE
AND DELIVER OF WATER
TO THE CONSUMERS
WITH NECESSARY
QUANTITY, QUALITY
AND PRESSURE IN A
COMPLIANCE WITH THE 5
BEST TECHNICAL AND
 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY
DEFINITION AND PURPOSE
o PURPOSE
o TO SUPPLY WATER AT THE BASIC
MOST LEVEL.
o TO PROVIDE SEPARATE SUPPLY
FOR SEPARATE USES LIKE
POTABLE WATER SUPPLY,
INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY, FIRE
WATER SUPPLY
o PROVIDE EFFICIENT WATER
FLOW THOUGH THE SYSTEM SO
AS TO AVOID WASTAGE.

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 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY
DEFINITION AND PURPOSE
o BASIC ELEMENTS:
o WATER INTAKES - FROM SURFACE
WATERS AND GROUNDWATER
o PUMPING STATIONS
o EXTERNAL PIPELINES (CONDUITS) -
GRAVITY AND (PUMPING)
PRESSURIZED
o RESERVOIRS - COLLECTING,
SERVICE (DISTRIBUTION),
STORAGE, (ARTIFICIAL) LAKES
o DISTRIBUTION(WATER SUPPLY)
NETWORKS
o PIPELINES AND DISTRIBUTION 7
NETWORKS FACILITIES -
 WATER SUPPLY

SPECIALTY IN SERVICE
o INTERNAL PLUMBING
o PLUMBING FIXTURES
o SOIL, WASTE AND VENT
PIPES
o RAIN WATER PIPES
o WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
o BUILDING SEWERS
o STORM WATER DISPOSAL
o INFRASTRUCTURAL
SERVICES
o SEWERAGE PUMPING &
TREATMENT
o INDUSTRIAL WASTE
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WATER TREATMENT
 WATER SUPPLY

SPECIALTY IN SERVICE
o OTHER PLUMBING FILTRATION
o FOUNTAINS, CASCADES
SERVICES
o BASEMENT DRAINAGE AND AND WATER BODIES
o FIRE SUPPRESSION
PUMPING
o GARDEN HYDRANT
SYSTEM
o CENTRALIZED HOT WATER
SYSTEM
o SOLAR WATER HEATING
o WATER TREATMENT FOR
DOMESTIC PURPOSES
o SWIMMING POOL

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 WATER SUPPLY

SPECIALTY IN SERVICE
o ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
o ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT ANALYSIS
o ECOLOGICAL STUDY
o LAND RECLAMATION
o SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

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OBJECTIVES AND
THEIR ACHIEVEMENT
o OBJECTIVE – SUPPLY OF o OBJECTIVES – DRAINAGE
WATER AND SEWERAGE
o PROVISION OF SAFE AND SYSTEMS
SUFFICIENT DRINKING o SAFE AND PROPER
WATER. DRAINAGE SYSTEM
o OBJECTIVE – FIXTURES o VENT PIPES
o MINIMUM NOS. OF o EXCLUSION OF FOREIGN
FIXTURES SUBSTANCES
o QUALITY SANITARY o GROUND AND SURFACE
FIXTURES WATER PROTECTION
o WATER TRAP SEAL o PREVENTION OF
o FIXTURE SPACING CONTAMINATION 11
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OBJECTIVES AND
THEIR ACHIEVEMENT
o OBJECTIVE – SYSTEM DESIGN
o INSTALLATION
o MAINTENANCE
o STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
o TESTED SYSTEM
o QUALITY OF MATERIAL
o WATER CONSERVATION
o SAFETY
o ACHIEVEMENT OF OBJECTIVES – STUDY OF CODES

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OBJECTIVES AND
THEIR ACHIEVEMENT
o OBJECTIVES – SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND
CONSIDERATIONS
o LARGE VOLUME OF WATER REQUIREMENT
o WATER REQUIREMENT UNDER HIGH PRESSURE
o CORROSIVE/CHEMICAL DISCHARGE
o HOT WATER NORMALLY SUPPLIED
o HIGH AMOUNT DISCHARGE
o REQUIREMENT OF HIGH QUALITY, DISTILLED WATER
o REQUIREMENT FOR FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
o DRAINAGE FOR FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
o WATER REQUIREMENT IN HUGE AMOUNTS FOR COOLING
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 WATER SUPPLY

SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
o DEPENDS UPON
o GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
o BUILDING USAGE
o URBAN OR RURAL SETTING
o LOCAL HABITS
o AVAILABILITY AND HOURS OF SUPPLY
o UNKNOWN CAUSES/SPECIAL CASES
o DAILY WATER SUPPLY
o DAILY WATER SUPPLY = GROSS QUANTITY FOR PEAK DAY IN
A YEAR X TOTAL NO. OF USERS IN A BUILDING

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SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
o DOMESTIC SUPPLY
o 150 TO 200 LITRES PER PERSON PER DAY BUT 135 LITRES PER
PERSON PER DAY IN LIG AND EWS AREAS.
o 70 TO 100 LITRE PER DAY PER PERSON FOR DOMESTIC
PURPOSE (NON-FLUSHING) IN URBAN AREAS.
o SEPARATE SUPPLY FOR TOILETS, FLUSHES, KITCHEN AND
BATHROOMS
o TO ALLOW UNINTERRUPTED SUPPLY.
o ENABLE USE OF NON-POTABLE WATER IN TOILETS AND
FLUSHING.
o PREVENT CONTAMINATION OF POTABLE WATER DUE TO BACK
FLOW.
o RESTRICT SUPPLY TO 30-50% FOR TOILETS AND FLUSHES.
o GENERALLY FLUSHING NEEDS ARE CONSIDERED AS 45 LITRES
15
PER PERSON PER DAY.
 WATER SUPPLY

SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
o SWIMMING POOLS PRESSURE AND VOLUME
o BECAUSE OF NO. OF USERS, HAVE TO BE MAINTAINED.
WATER QUANTITY DEPLETES o GARDENING AND
FAST AND POOL HAS TO BE PLANTATIONS
REFILLED IN 18-48 HRS. o EVEN WASTE WATER CAN BE
o WATER IS REUSED BY USED
PRESSURE FILTER, o WATER SUPPLY FOR
CHLORINATION, CHEMICAL HORTICULTURE IS 17000-35000
DOSING WITH PUMPING TO LITRES/DAY/HECTARE
RECIRCULATE. EQUIVALENT TO 12-25 MM
o INITIAL FILLING TIME 24-48 PRECIPITATION PER WEEK.
HOURS. o TECHNIQUES SUCH AS
o FIRE FIGHTING SPRINKLERS, DRIP-
o CONNECTED TO CITY MAINS IRRIGATION SYSTEMS USE
SUPPLY LESSER WATER. 16
 WATER SUPPLY

SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
Sl No. Type of Building Consumption Per Day, liters
(1) (2) (3)
i) Factories where bath rooms are required to be provided 45 per head
ii) Factories where no bath rooms are required to be provided 30 per head
iii) Hospital (including laundry) :
a) Number of beds not exceeding 100 340 per head
b) Number of beds exceeding 100 450 per head
iv) Nurses’ homes and medical quarters 135 per head
v) Hostels 135 per head
vi) Hotel 180 per head
vii) Offices 45 per head
viii) Restaurants 70 per seat
ix) Cinemas, concert halls and theatres 15 per seat
x) Schools:
a) Day schools 45 per head
b) Boarding schools 135 per head

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SOURCES OF SUPPLY
o CITY SUPPLY
o WATER TAPPED
FROM NATURAL
SOURCES.
o IDEAL SUPPLY FOR 24
HOURS A DAY WITH
ADEQUATE
PRESSURE FOR FIVE
TO SIX STOREYS.
o INCREASING SUPPLY
DEMAND HAS
REDUCED THE CITY
SUPPLY TO TWO TO
THREE HOURS A DAY 18
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SOURCES OF SUPPLY
o WELLS
o QUALITY DEPENDS
ON LOCATION
o DANGER OF BEING
CONTAMINATED BY
AGRICULTURAL
WASTE, DOMESTIC
GARBAGE, SURFACE
DRAINS, SEWERAGE
ETC.
o OPEN STREAMS,
RIVER, SPRINGS AND
WATER BODIES 19
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SOURCES OF SUPPLY
o TUBE WELLS
o ALSO KNOWN AS
BORING.
o CONSISTS OF
MECHANICALLY
OPERATED AUGERS,
PERCUSSION
EQUIPMENT OR
DRILLED BY CORING
RIGS.
o HAND PUMPS USES
BORES MADE BY
AUGERS WITH SUCTION
PIPES. 20
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RECYCLING OF WATER
o SHORTAGE OF WATER SUPPLY OCCURS DUE TO
EMERGING OVERGROWING DEMAND BUT EVER
DECREASING SUPPLY DUE TO INCREASING
POLLUTION, WATER CONTAMINATION AND
DEPLETION OF SOURCES.
o WASTE WATER FROM KITCHEN AND BATH IS CALLED
GREY WATER AS IT HAS DETERGENT AND GREASE.
o ALL REUSE OF WATER SHOULD BE DONE AFTER
TREATING IT TO REDUCE ITS BOD (BIOCHEMICAL
OXYGEN DEMAND) BY KEEPING IT AT 20OC FOR FIVE
DAYS.
o LATER ON SCREENING, AERATION AND SETTLEMENT
& SEPARATION OF SLUDGE IS DONE BY FILTRATION,
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SOFTENING AND CHLORINATION. SETTLED SLUDGE
 WATER SUPPLY

RECYCLING OF WATER
o QUANTITY
o TOTAL WATER CONSUMED AT DOMESTIC LEVEL HAS AN
AVAILABILITY OF 75-80% FOR REUSE WHEREAS THE
REMAINING IS EVAPORATED.
o AFTER SLUDGE REMOVAL, ONLY 60-70% REMAINS FOR
REUSE.
o QUALITY
o NOT POTABLE
o USEFUL FOR TOILETS, GARDENS, AIR CONDITIONING, FIRE
FIGHTING.
o REMOVED SLUDGE CAN BE CONSUMED AS MANURES.

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 WATER SUPPLY

REFERENCES
o FUNDAMENTALS OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY
ENGINEERING
- S. C. RANGWALA
o NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
o WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY ENGINEERING
- S. K. HUSSAIN
o PLUMBING DESIGN AND PRACTICES
- S. G. DEOLALIKAR

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