MET466 : TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
MODULE 1 : TECHNOLOGY
AND TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala,
1
AP-ME, EKCTC
EVOLUTION AND GROWTH OF
TECHNOLOGY
• The main reason for the emergence of technology lies
in the desire of man to overcome the limitations of his
nature and organization, to increase the impact of his
natural organs on the substance and forces of nature.
• Periods Of Technological Development
1. The Era Of Manual Technology
2. The Stage Of Mechanization And Machines
3. The Era Of Automation
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 2
TECHNOLOGY : CONCEPTS AND
DEFINITIONS
• Technology is a Greek word derived from the synthesis of two
words: techne (meaning art) and logos (meaning logic or science). So loosely
interpreted, technology means the art of logic or the art of scientific discipline.
• Technology draws heavily on scientific advances and the understanding gained
through research and development. It then leverages this information to
improve both the performance and overall usefulness of products, systems, and
services.
• Defined by Everett M. Rogers as "a design for instrumental action that reduces
the uncertainty in the cause-effect relationships involved in achieving a desired
outcome". That is, technology encompasses both tangible products, such as the
computer, and knowledge about processes and methods, such as the technology
of mass production.
• J. Paap defined technology as "the use of science-based knowledge to meet a
need."
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 3
TECHNOLOGY : CONCEPTS AND
DEFINITIONS
• Since technology is such a vital force, the field of technology management
has emerged to address the particular ways in which companies should
approach the use of technology in business strategies and operations.
• Technology is inherently difficult to manage because it is constantly
changing, often in ways that cannot be predicted.
• Technology management is the set of policies and practices that leverage
technologies to build, maintain, and enhance the competitive advantage of
the firm on the basis of proprietary knowledge and know-how.
• Technology management needs to be separated from research and
development (R&D) management. R&D management refers to the process
by which a company runs its research laboratories and other operations for
the creation of new technologies. Technology management focuses on the
intersection of technology and business, encompassing not only technology
creation but also its application, dissemination, and impact.
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 4
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON
SOCIETY
• Society is defined as the group of among human beings sharing social
relationships.
• A society is a group of people that lives together in a community that includes
some form of government, along with some rules and economy.
• Technology is defined as the body of knowledge that deals with the innovation,
invention, and application of technical means, as well as their interrelationship with
life, society, and the environment.
• Technology means the use of scientific knowledge to achieve some specific goal or
create applications that are used in industry or in everyday life. So, if we are using
some scientific knowledge to achieve some goal means we are using technology.
• Impact of Technology on Society : We utilize and rely on technology in our daily
lives, and our technical requirements and demands continue to grow. Technology is
used by humans to explore, connect, study, and do work. The manner in which we
use technology decides whether its effects are beneficial or detrimental for society.
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 5
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON
SOCIETY
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
• Improved • Increase in
Communication unemployment
• Improved Education • Increase in pollution
and learning process • Increase in health and
• Mechanized Agriculture mental concerns
• Easy to access • Increase in cybercrimes
information
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 6
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON
BUSINESS
• Technology has revolutionized business as we know it, and companies
across numerous industries are looking to harness it to improve their
workforce, build brand recognition and bolster the bottom line.
• Some areas in which technology has transformed businesses include
accounting, data collection, sales and digital promotion.
• Organization systems have progressed to the point where it’s difficult
to imagine even a small business operating without basic technology
such as desktop PCs for receiving email and document storage.
• For the most part, technological developments have speed up
workflow and supplied critical information-organization systems. On
the other hand, technology can have a negative impact on a business,
making communication less human and creating a false sense of
knowledge
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 7
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON
BUSINESS
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
• Globalization • People are brought together
• Collaboration and Access and torn apart by it
• • Provides information but must
Storage
be familiar
• Cyber security
• Costs money and saves money
• Support • Customers’ data is improved,
• Mobile Technology but privacy concerns are raised
• Increases efficiency but
destroys jobs
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 8
TECHNOLOGY AND
COMPETITION
• The first point to note is that there are many different
types of competitive advantages. They are not merely
limited to a few processes that you may execute better
than a competitor. It could be operational excellence or
product leadership.
• A first-to-market product only holds an inherent
advantage until a competitor either creates something
extraordinarily similar or the patent runs out.
• Sustainable competitive advantages are gained when a
specific aspect of your business has an unfair advantage
set to last well into the future.
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 9
TECHNOLOGY AND
COMPETITION
• Technology supports communication among teams, enabling them
to quickly deliver strategic projects that contribute to growth.
Technology also improves supply chain efficiency by enabling
communication and information sharing throughout the chain.
– UX Design as a Competitive Advantage
– Automating Processes as a Competitive Advantage
– Leveraging Data Analytics as a Competitive Advantage
– Machine Learning as a Competitive Advantage
– PROJECT TEAMS
– SUPPLY CHAIN
– MOBILITY
– SWITCHING COSTS
– RESOURCES
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 10
TECHNOLOGY AT THE
ENTERPRISE LEVEL
• Choose targeted technology solutions
• Boost organizational productivity
• Enhance collaboration
• Set long-term goals and objectives
• Improve security
• Employee assistance
• Time and Money
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 11
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
• A technological innovation is a new or improved product or
process whose technological characteristics are significantly
different from before.
• Implemented technological product innovations are new
products (product innovations) or processes in application
(process innovations) that have been brought to market.
• The product or process is considered to be an innovation if it
achieves specified advantages for the enterprise concerned;
these need not be new from the point of view of other
companies or the market.
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 12
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
The 5 Main Challenges of Technological Innovation
– Digital inclusion
– Critical thinking
– High investment
– Product obsolescence
– Under qualified workers
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 13
FORMS OF TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCT
PROCESS
TECHNOLOG TECHNOLOGY
Y
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 14
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
• Process technology is the software and tools—
including digital platforms and intelligent process
automation (IPA)—used to efficiently and
intelligently create and deliver products and services,
as well as improve speed and agility of processes
across the enterprise.
• Process technology refers to the tools that create,
analyze, manage and improve processes in an
organization by employing machine learning, such
as algorithms.
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 15
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
• Process technology can be used to automate and simplify
workflows and accelerate business processes.
• It can also improve accuracy, quality, and reliability of
those processes, helping companies operate with greater
agility so they can be more flexible and adaptable to shifting
business and market priorities.
• Process technology can play a key role in reducing costs
across business operations.
• Improve customer satisfaction
• Ensure process efficiency and accuracy
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 16
PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
• Product Technology is the science of developing new products and services. It
describes the way products are designed, developed, tested, and deployed.
Product technology falls into the following categories:
1.Technology platforms: These are commoditized software products that enable multiple
types of interaction among users who share an interest in a particular topic, such as
healthcare or finance. Examples include Microsoft Office and Google Docs;
2.Hardware platforms: These are specialized hardware products that help solve specific
problems for users with a particular set of skills, such as game consoles, music players,
and digital cameras;
3.Software-as-a-service (SaaS): This is a business model that provides software as a
service to companies who need it to perform certain functions for them but don’t want to
invest in building their own infrastructure. Examples include Dropbox, Spotify, and
Facebook Messenger.
4.Mobile apps: These are mobile applications that have become popular due to their
ability to get people from one place to another quickly and efficiently (and sometimes end
up being used by people other than the original developers). Examples include Uber,
Foursquare, and Snapchat.
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 17
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PROCESS AND PRODUCT
TECHNOLOGIES
Key Product Process
The product is the final The process is a sequence or
Concept result of a development set of steps that should be
cycle. followed to create a product.
Product development focus The process focuses on each
Focus is on final outcome. step to be followed during
software product development.
A product life cycle tends A process life cycle is
Life cycle to be in the short term. generally long term.
The main goal of product The main goal of a process is
development is to finish the to make good quality products.
Goal work and get the product
delivered successfully.
Prof. Fazludhen Chemmala, AP-ME, EKCTC 18
