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Network Protocol 07

The document provides an overview of routers, detailing their functions, types, components, and how they operate. Routers connect multiple networks, route traffic, and can perform tasks such as NAT and firewalling. Key components include the CPU, memory, interfaces, and routing tables, which help in making routing decisions and forwarding packets.

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3 views12 pages

Network Protocol 07

The document provides an overview of routers, detailing their functions, types, components, and how they operate. Routers connect multiple networks, route traffic, and can perform tasks such as NAT and firewalling. Key components include the CPU, memory, interfaces, and routing tables, which help in making routing decisions and forwarding packets.

Uploaded by

bahamusawer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Protocol

Ahmad Zubair Zarbi

0776967531 | [email protected] |
CONTACTS www.google.com
Contents

Router
Functions of a Router
Types of Routers
Router Components
How Routers Work
Router

 A router is a networking device that


connects multiple networks together
and routes traffic between them.
 It is a critical component of the
internet infrastructure, enabling
communication between different
networks and facilitating the
exchange of data packets.
Functions of a Router
• Routing: Routers examine the destination IP address of incoming
packets and forward them to the next hop on the path to the
destination network.
• Switching: Routers can also function as switches, forwarding
packets within a network.
• Network Address Translation (NAT): Routers can perform NAT,
allowing multiple devices on a private network to share a single
public IP address.
• Firewalling: Routers can be configured to act as firewalls, blocking
or allowing traffic based on predetermined security rules.
• Quality of Service (QoS): Routers can prioritize traffic based on
QoS policies, ensuring that critical applications receive sufficient
bandwidth.
Types of Routers
• Wired Routers: Connect devices using Ethernet
cables.
• Wireless Routers: Connect devices using Wi-Fi.
• Core Routers: High-performance routers used in
the internet backbone to connect multiple networks.
• Edge Routers: Routers located at the edge of a
network, connecting to the internet or other external
networks.
• Virtual Routers: Software-based routers that run
on virtual machines or cloud infrastructure.
Router Components
• CPU: The brain of the router, responsible for
executing routing decisions and managing traffic.
• Memory: Stores the router's configuration, routing
tables, and other data.
• Interfaces: Physical or virtual connections to
other networks, such as Ethernet ports or Wi-Fi
radios.
• Routing Table: A database that stores
information about the network topology and
routing decisions.
How Routers Work
• Packet Receipt: The router receives an incoming packet from
a connected network.
• Destination Lookup: The router examines the packet's
destination IP address and looks up the best route to the
destination network in its routing table.
• Route Selection: The router selects the best route based on
factors such as cost, latency, and availability.
• Packet Forwarding: The router forwards the packet to the
next hop on the path to the destination network.
• Packet Transmission: The packet is transmitted to the next
hop, where the process is repeated until the packet reaches
its final destination.

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