Engineering Drawing
TOPIC: DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES
WEEK: 10TH
LECTURE: 10TH
LEVEL: 1 S T SEMESTER 1 S T YEAR
PREREQUISITES: NONE
COURSE TEACHER: ENGR. QAMAR ZAMAN (
[email protected])
ACCESS AT: portal.suit.edu.pk
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, SUIT PESHAWAR
OUTLINES
Introduction
Methods of Development
Parallel line Development
Radial Line Development
Triangulation Development
Approximate Development
Development of lateral surfaces of right solids
Cube
Pentagon
Cylinder
Pyramid
Cone
Introduction
Introduction
Figure shows a square prism covered with paper in process of being
opened out. Its development consists of four equal rectangles for the
faces and two similar squares for its ends.
Each figure shows the true size and shape of the corresponding surface
of the prism. The development of a solid, thus represents the actual
shape of all its surfaces which, when bent or folded at the edges, would
form the solid.
Introduction
Hence, it is very important to note that every line on the development must be
the true length of the corresponding edge on the surface.
The knowledge of development of surfaces is essential in many industries
such as automobile, aircraft, ship building, packaging and sheet-metal work.
In construction of boilers, bins, process-vessels, funnels, chimneys etc., the
plates are marked and cut according to the developments which, when folded,
form the desired objects.
The form of the sheet obtained by laying all the outer surfaces of the solid
with suitable allowances for the joints is known as pattern.
Parallel Line Development
It is employed in case of prisms and cylinders in which stretch-out-
line principle is used. Lines A-A and A1 -A1 in fig. are called the
stretch-out Iines.
Radial Line Development
It is used for pyramids and cones in which the true length of the
slant edge or the generator is used as radius.
Triangulation Development
This is used to develop transition pieces. This is simply a method of
dividing a surface into a number of triangles and transferring them into
the development.
Approximate Development
It is used to develop objects of double curved or warped surfaces as
sphere, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid and helicoid.
Cube Development
The development of the surface of a cube consists of six equal squares,
the length of the side of the squares being equal to the length of the
edge of the cube.
Pentagon Development
Problem, Draw the development of the lateral surface of the part P
of the pentagonal prism shown in figure.
Cylinder Development
Problem: Develop the lateral surface of the truncated cylinder shown
in fig.
Pyramid Development
Pyramid Development
Pyramid Development
Cone Development
Sphere Development
Zone method: Figure shows the top half of a sphere
divided into four zones of equal width. By joining
the points P, Q, R etc. by straight lines, each zone
becomes a cone frustum, except the upper-most
zone which becomes a cone of small altitude.
Thank You