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Greens Theorem Proof

Green's Theorem establishes a relationship between a line integral around a closed curve and a double integral over the region it encloses, connecting circulation and flux to area integrals. The proof involves considering different types of regions and applying the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Fubini’s Theorem. This theorem is significant in various fields such as physics and engineering, linking local and global properties of vector fields.

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31 views10 pages

Greens Theorem Proof

Green's Theorem establishes a relationship between a line integral around a closed curve and a double integral over the region it encloses, connecting circulation and flux to area integrals. The proof involves considering different types of regions and applying the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Fubini’s Theorem. This theorem is significant in various fields such as physics and engineering, linking local and global properties of vector fields.

Uploaded by

coc.harsh18
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Green’s Theorem and Its Proof

• A Fundamental Result in Vector Calculus


• Your Name | Date
Introduction
• • Green’s Theorem connects a line integral
around a simple closed curve to a double
integral over the region it encloses.
• • Fundamental in converting between
circulation/flux and area integrals.
• • Applies to planar regions.
Statement of Green’s Theorem
• Let C be a positively oriented, piecewise
smooth, simple closed curve in the plane, and
let D be the region bounded by C. If P(x, y) and
Q(x, y) have continuous partial derivatives on
an open region containing D, then:

• ∮_C (P dx + Q dy) = ∬_D (∂Q/∂x − ∂P/∂y) dA


Geometric Interpretation
• • LHS: Line integral (circulation around
boundary C)
• • RHS: Double integral (total “curl” inside
region D)
• • The theorem relates local rotation (curl) to
global circulation.
Proof Outline
• To prove Green’s Theorem, we:
• 1. Consider D to be a type I (bounded between
two functions of x) or type II (functions of y)
region.
• 2. Prove it separately for the P dx and Q dy
parts.
• 3. Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
and Fubini’s Theorem.
Proof – Part 1 (Q dy)
• Let D be a type I region:
• D = {(x, y) | a ≤ x ≤ b, g₁(x) ≤ y ≤ g₂(x)}
• Compute the line integral over C and convert
it to a double integral using Fubini’s Theorem:

• ∮_C Q dy = ∬_D ∂Q/∂x dA


Proof – Part 2 (P dx)
• Let D be a type II region:
• D = {(x, y) | c ≤ y ≤ d, h₁(y) ≤ x ≤ h₂(y)}
• Similarly, compute:

• ∮_C P dx = − ∬_D ∂P/∂y dA

• Note the negative sign arises from orientation.


Combining Results
• Putting the two parts together:

• ∮_C (P dx + Q dy) = ∬_D (∂Q/∂x − ∂P/∂y) dA

• Thus, Green’s Theorem is proven for regions of


type I and II.
Extension to General Regions
• • Any simple region can be broken into type I
and II regions.
• • Apply the proof to each subregion and sum
the results.
• • The boundary integrals over shared internal
curves cancel.
Conclusion
• • Green’s Theorem is a special case of Stokes’
Theorem in 2D.
• • Extremely useful in physics and engineering
(e.g., fluid flow, electromagnetism).
• • Bridges the gap between local and global
properties of vector fields.

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