ENGLIS

H9
QUARTER 1,
 Modals of
Permission,
Obligation, and
Prohibition
Objectives:
1.Define modals
2.Identify modals in the
sentence
3.Differentiate the use of
 Role Playing
Direction: The class will be divided into 4. Each
group will make a dialogue and act out the
scenario that they have.

Group 1: You wanted to borrow or

request something

Group 2: Asking permission to your

teacher/ someone about something
What is MODAL?
 It is a verb that combines with
another verb to indicate mood or
tense.
 They are different from normal verbs
like "work, play, visit..." They give
additional information about the
function of the main verb that follows
What is MODAL?
 A modal, also known as modal
auxiliary or modal verb.

 You use modal verbs in giving advice

or suggestions, in making
requests/permission, or in giving
predictions and prohibitions.
Modal verbs:
Can Could
May Might
Must Ought to
Shall Should
Will Would
 Examples:
1. I can speak English
well.

2. May I borrow your

3. Jhon might be
wrong.

4. You mustn’t use your

phone in class.
In sentences containing
modal verbs, the main
verb typically takes the
infinitive form. Modal
verbs come before the
main verbs and never
change form.
 Read and underline the modal in the sentence.
1. You might have sold the car, if you
really needed the Money.
2. You should have listened to the
teacher.
3. We must have been crazy!
4. He shouldn’t have told me.
5. You ought to have warned me earlier.
 Read and underline the modal in the sentence.

1.Will you lend me your camera.

2. Price can be high in Texas
3. She could finish her project tonight.
4. Frank may have already departed.
5. Today, I shall watch a movie.
The modal verbs are different from ordinary verbs in several
ways:
1) they have no inflections at all; that is, they lack an -ing form,
an -ed form, and even an -s form for the third-person singular;
2) a modal verb is always followed by the infinitive form of a
verb (unless that verb has already been stated) but never follows
another verb;
3) modal verbs do not follow to and are not followed by to.
(Ought to, like the near-modal verb have to, is a special case.)
 Types of Modal according to Use
1. Permission
it is important to note that companies, foundations
and institutions always require a concept paper be
submitted or review prior to the submission of a
full proposal because it saves the funding agency
time by eliminating proposal which are not likely
funded.
 Thus, applicants must develop a concept
paper which can easily capture interest of the
funding agency and demonstrate that the idea
they are proposing is worthy of further
consideration.
 If you want ask permission to do
something, start your question with
can, may, or could.
Examples:
1. Students, you may leave early today.
‘May’ is the modal verb used in this sentence.
And it permits the learners to leave.

2. Could I play too?

‘Could’ is the modal verbs. It asks permission if
he/she can play.
Examples:
3. Can you take me to Victoria
Station?
2. Obligation or Necessity
 Modal verbs can express a necessary action, such
as an obligation, duty, or requirement. Likewise,
the negative forms express that an action is not
necessary. Use the same modal verbs as with
commands: must, have or have to, and need. This
is usually referring to a rule or law.
Example: We have to be at the airport at least
two hours before the flight.
‘Have to’ in the sentence show that you are
oblige to be on the airport to avoid delayed
flights.
Note: ‘Have to’ shows that the obligation comes
from someone else not the speaker.
Example: I must work to provide the needs
of my family.

The sentence shows that it is your

obligation to provide the need of your
family. We use the modal verb ‘Must’ to
indicate obligation.
3. Prohibition
 ‘can’t and mustn’t are used to show that
something is prohibited (not allowed). Can’t
usually gives the idea of something that is
against the rules. Mustn’t usually means that
it is the speaker who is setting the rule.
Example: You can’t go into that restaurant without a
tie.
It is mandatory or required by the restaurant to have
a tie. So, you cannot enter without it. We used ‘Can’t’
to show that something is prohibited.
4. Ability
 the modal verb can expresses whether the
subject of a sentence is able to do something.
Likewise, the negative form, cannot or can’t,
shows that the subject is unable to do
something.
Example: She can speak three languages but
none of them well.
It expresses that she’s able speak three
languages. We used the modal verb ‘can’.
Example: She can speak three languages but
none of them well.
It expresses that she’s able speak three
languages. We used the modal verb ‘can’.
Modal
verb Function Example
Can Indicate ability Javi can play the guitar.
Indicate possibility We can drive or walk.
Indicate permission (informal) You can borrow that book.
Make a request (informal) Can I have some water?
Could Past form of “can” She could speak French.
Indicate possibility You could become a chef.
Make a polite request Could you tell me the time?
May Indicate possibility Dana may arrive late.
Indicate permission (formal) You may enter.
Make a request (formal) May I respond?
Might Indicate possibility I might order pizza.
Must Indicate obligation Cyclists must wear helmets.
Indicate likelihood You must be very proud.
Shall Indicate a future action (normally used only with “I” and I shall attend.
“we”) Shall we arrange a meeting?
Ask a question (normally used only with “I” and “we”)
Should Make a suggestion You should watch that film.
Indicate likelihood Tom should be at the office.
Will Indicate a future action or event Fay will book the venue.
Make a polite request Will you get the door?
Would Past form of “will” She would often work late.
Make a polite request Would you call back later?
 Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the
following modals. Choose your answers inside the box.
Might Can Should Will Could not

May Can’t Ought to Must Should not

1.You ____________learn how to listen for your own good.

2.I _________find my cell phone anywhere.
3.We___ work on this module or else we will be in trouble.
4.He ________ shoot the basketball at the rim.
5._________you let me know the time?
 Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the
following modals. Choose your answers inside the box.
Might Can Should Will Could not

May Can’t Ought to Must Should not

6. They ______not be trustworthy enough.

7. __________you please help me with this lesson?
8. We _________prepare for the final exam.
9. I didn’t feel very well yesterday. I ________eat anything.
10. I was using my pencil a minute ago. It______ be here somewhere.
Direction: Read the sentence below. And tell whether it is
Permission, Obligation, Prohibition.

1. You should go o the barber shop. Your hair is very long.

2. If you go ailing, you must wear a life jacket. The sea is very
dangerous.
3. Tomorrow is a holiday. We don’t have to get up early.
4. The rules say that you can only invite one guest to the club.
5. There’s a lot of noise coming from the outside. Shall I close the
window?
Direction: Read the sentence below. And tell whether it is
Permission, Obligation, Prohibition.
6. I’ll have to wear the black dress tonight. The invitation said formal
clothes.
7. You don’t need to be a member to buy a ticket. It’s open to
everyone.
8. I was late for the meeting. I really should have set my alarm this
morning.
9. The museum is exclusive. You have to pay the membership fee to
get in.