Sampling Method
PROBABILITY & NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
Sampling
- the process of selecting
samples or the respondent itself
from a population.
According to Cristobal and
Cristobal (2017):
• sample – a portion of the population
• group – smaller than a
mass/population
• mass – larger than a group.
Sampling Method or
Sampling Technique
- the process of studying the
population by gathering
information and analyzing
that data.
Types of Sampling Method:
Probability &
Non-Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling
-An equal chance of participation in the sampling or
selection process (simply chance process) is given to
every member listed in the sampling frame.
-By means of this unbiased sampling, you can obtain a
sample that can represent the population under study
or of showing strong similarities in characteristics with
the members of the population.
-It is basically a principle of randomization or chance.
Types of Probability
Sampling
1. Simple Random Sampling
- It is the most popular sampling method used in
decision making today.
- Using a pure-chance selection, you assure every
member the same opportunity to be in the
sample.
Example: Lottery Method or Fishbowl Method,
Table of Random Numbers
2. Systematic Sampling
– A fixed sample interval in choosing a respondent is
determined.
- It simply means a random starting point is selected
and then every kth member will be the succeeding
samples. So, the items are arranged in alphabetically
or another sort.
-Example: Checking every 10th student in the list.
3. Stratified Sampling
- the total population is divided into smaller
groups to complete the sampling process.
-The small group is formed based on a few
characteristics in the population.
- After separating the population into a
smaller group, the statisticians randomly
select the sample.
3. Stratified Sampling
Example:
There are three bags (A, B and C), each
with different balls. Bag A has 50 balls, bag
B has 100 balls, and bag C has 200 balls.
We must choose a sample of balls from
each bag proportionally. Suppose 5 balls
from bag A, 10 balls from bag B and 20
balls from bag C.
4. Cluster Sampling
– population is divided into smaller
groups and the group to be used is
selected randomly.
- It is sometimes referred as “area
sampling” because it is frequently applied
on a geographical basis.
4. Cluster Sampling
Example:
An educational institution has ten branches
across the country with almost the same
number of students. If we want to collect some
data regarding facilities and other things, we
can’t travel to every unit to collect the
required data. Hence, we can use random
sampling to select three or four branches as
clusters.
Non-Probability Sampling
-It disregards random selection of samples.
-Since it is not based on chance thus this sampling is
biased. It involves the selection of elements based on
assumptions regarding the population of interest,
which forms the criteria for selection.
-The sample is chosen based on their availability, or the
purpose of study, and in some cases, on the sole
discretion of the researcher.
Types of
Non-Probability Sampling
1. Convenience Sampling
- Also referred to as Availability Sampling
- In a convenience sampling method, the
samples are selected from the population
directly because they are conveniently
available for the researcher.
- The samples are easy to select, and the
researcher did not choose the sample that
outlines the entire population.
2. Purposive or Judgmental
Sampling
- In purposive sampling, the samples are selected
only based on the researcher’s knowledge.
- As their knowledge is instrumental in creating
the samples, there are the chances of obtaining
highly accurate answers with a minimum
marginal error.
- It is also known as judgmental sampling or
authoritative sampling.
3. Quota Sampling
- a sampling technique whereby participant
quotas are preset prior to sampling.
- the researcher forms a sample that involves
the individuals to represent the population based
on specific traits or qualities. The researcher
chooses the sample subsets that bring the useful
collection of data that generalizes the entire
population.
4. Snowball Sampling
- also known as chain referral sampling. In this
method, the participants refer the researcher to
others who may be able to potentially contribute
or participate in the study.
- This method often helps researchers find and
recruit participants that may otherwise be hard
to reach.
5. Consecutive Sampling
- Consecutive sampling is like
convenience sampling with a slight
variation. The researcher picks a single
person or a group of people for sampling.
Then the researcher researches for a
period to analyze the result and move to
another group if needed.
Probability Sampling vs Non-Probability Sampling
Thank You!
