Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
LABORATORY MANUAL for CIRCUITS & NETWORK ( E C- 3 9 1 )
Depar !e" of E#e$ ro"%$& a"' Co!!("%$a %o" E")%"eer%")
EM-*+1, Se$ or -, Sa# La.e Ko#.a a-/00 091
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Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
E12ERIMENT 3 3
TITLE De er!%"a %o" of %!pe'a"$e (4) para!e er& a"' a'!% a"$e (Y) para!e er& of 5o por "e 5or. (&%") 2Sp%$e6
OB7ECTI-E 1) To determine the open circuit impedance parameters of the T network as shown in the figure below using PSPICE simulation
!ig"1 8)To determine the short circuit admittance parameters of the # network as shown in the figure below using PSPICE simulation
!ig $
T9EORY :
IM2EDANCE (4) 2ARAMETERS: %et us consider a linear passi&e two port network as shown in figure below"
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Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
'e know( )1* +11 I1 , +1$ I$ -----.1/ )$* +$1 I1 , +$$ I$ -----.$/ +-parameters are obtained b0 making either terminals 11 open circuited or terminals $$ open circuited
Z 11 =
V1 I1 V$ I1 V1 I$ V$ I$
I $ =1
is called the input impedance or dri&ing point impedance with output open circuited
Z $1 =
I $ =1
is called the forward transfer impedance with output open circuited
Z 1$ =
I1 =1
is called the re&erse transfer impedance with output open circuited
Z $$ =
I1 =1
is called the output impedance with input open circuited ADMITTANCE (Y) 2ARAMETERS %et us consider a linear passi&e two port network as shown in figure below"
The 2-parameters of this network can be obtained b0 e3pressing I 1 and I$ in terms of )1 and )$ I1* 211 )1 , 21$ )$ -----.1/ I$* 2$1 )1 , 2$$ )$ -----.$/ 2-parameters are obtained b0 making either terminals 11 short circuited or terminals $$ short circuited
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Department of Electronics and communication Engineering I Y11 = V1 V =1 1
$
is called the input admittance or dri&ing point admittance with output short circuited I Y$1 = V$ V$ =1 1 is called the forward transfer admittance with output short circuited
Y1$ =
I1 V$
V1 =1
is called the re&erse transfer admittance with input short circuited
I$ V =1 V$ 1 is called the output admittance with input short circuited Y$$ =
2ROCEDURE
a/ b/ c/ d/
De er!%"a %o" of 411 & 481 5eferring to the T-network abo&e( the steps are o6p port to be kept open . i e I$*1/ &oltageto be applied at the i6p port .i e )1*11)/ o6p port &oltage .i e )/ to be measured i6p port current .i e I/ to be measured De er!%"a %o" of 418& 488 5eferring to the T-network abo&e( the steps are -a/ i6p port to be kept open . i e I1*1/ b/ &oltageto be applied at the o6p port .i e ) $*17)/ c/ i6p port &oltage .i e )/ to be measured d/ o6p port current .i e I/ to be measured
De er!%"a %o" of Y11 & Y81 5eferring to the T-network abo&e( the steps are -a/ o6p port to be kept shorted thru an ammeter . i e ) $*1/ b/ &oltage .sa0 $ 81 )/ to be applied at the i6p port .i e )1*$)/ c/ i6p port current .i e I1/ to be measured d/ o6p port current .i e I$/ to be measured
De er!%"a %o" of Y18& Y88 5eferring to the T-network abo&e( the steps are -a/ i6p port to be kept shorted thru an ammeter . i e )1*1/
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Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
b/ &oltage . sa0 $ 81 )/ to be applied at the o6p port .i e )$*$)/ c/ i6p port current .i e I1/ to be measured d/ o6p port current .i e I$/ to be measured
SIMULATION DIA;RAM <OR DETERMININ; T9E 4 2ARAMETERS:
To obtain +11 and +$1( terminals $-$ are to be kept open and a 11) dc is connected across the terminals 1-1 :ence the simulated circuited is as shown below"
To obtain +1$ and +$$( terminals 1-1 are to be kept open and a 17) dc is connected across the terminals $-$ :ence the simulated circuited is as shown below"
RESULTS: !ind the +-parameters .+11 ( +$1( +1$ and +$$/ of the network is shown in the figure !ig"1
SIMULATION DIA;RAM <OR DETERMININ; T9E Y 2ARAMETERS:
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Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
To obtain 211 and 2$1( terminals $-$ are to be short circuited and a 11) dc is connected across the terminals 1-1 :ence the simulated circuited is as shown below"
To obtain 21$ and 2$$( terminals 1-1 are to be short circuited and a 17) dc is connected across the terminals $-$ :ence the simulated circuited is as shown below"
RESULTS: !ind the 2-parameters .211 ( 2$1( 21$ and 2$$/ of the network is shown in the figure !ig"$
DISCUSSIONS
The difference between the simulated and the theoretical calculated &alues are within ----- ; and due to the e3perimental error
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a/ b/
To stud0( discuss and learn about --'hat are impedance parameters of a $-port network< :ow +-parameter is related with other characteristic parameters like 2( =->-C-? @h
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Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
c/ d/ e/
'hat is s0mmetrical @ as0mmetrical network< Bi&e e3ample :ow to find +-parameter for a =-network .pai network/< 5ef $117 Cuestion 'hat will be the +-parameters for a T- network ha&ing R1>*/0 ?, R8>1.? & R3>16@.?6
CAara$ er%& %$ I!pe'a"$e of $a&$a'e' &B!!e r%$a# C "e 5or." Theor0
=n attenuator is a two port resisti&e network that reduces( b0 known amounts( the &oltage( currents or power between its properl0 terminated input and output ports Consider the four terminal networks shown in figure %et the current( &oltage( and power at the port 1 of the network be I1( )1 and P1( respecti&el0( then the attenuation offered b0 the network is gi&en b0 I1 ,
R 2
R 1 1k R 2 2k 2k
I$ ,
)$
)1
51 P =ttenuation * %og11 1 >el P$
51 -
!ig = s0mmetrical # network
>el is a bigger unit and so its submultiple decibel is generall0 used Thus P =ttenuation *11 %og11 1 d> P$ If the two ports of the network are identicall0 terminated and are matched( we can write )1$ )$ $ andP$ *I $ 51 * $ 51 51 'here 51 is the characteristics resistance of the network
$ P1 *I1 51 *
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Department of Electronics and communication Engineering V I =ttenuation in d> * $1 log11 1 = $1 log11 1 E I$ is entering the port $F V$ I$ V1 I = 1 =N V$ I $ d> G*antilog $1
R 1 /2
R 1 /2
!rom its bisected half we get
2R 2
2R 2
Rhsc =
R1 R$ = RA R1 + $ R$ $ Rhoc = $ R$ = RB
=nd
Sol&ing for 51 and 5$ we get the following design eHuestion" R1 = N $ 1 $ RA RB = R1 RB RA $N RB R1 N + 1 = $ $ N 1
R$ =
Simulation diagram
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Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
R 1 5 .0 0 0 V 1 .6 6 m A 1k V2 5Vdc 2 .5 0 0 m A R 2 2k 3 .3 3 3 V
1 .6 6 m A R 3 2k
0V
?raw a s0mmetrical cascaded s0mmetrical # network using pspice and determine the characteristic impedance of that circuit
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