2013 SECTION IX
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX G
GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF U.S. CUSTOMARY AND SI UNITS IN
THE ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
G-100
USE OF UNITS IN EQUATIONS
in the SI equivalent if there was any question. The values
of allowable stress in Section II, Part D generally include
three significant figures.
(e) Minimum thickness and radius values that are expressed in fractions of an inch were generally converted
according to the following table:
The equations in this Nonmandatory Appendix are suitable for use with either the U.S. Customary or the SI units
provided in Mandatory Appendix F, or with the units provided in the nomenclature associated with that equation.
It is the responsibility of the individual and organization
performing the calculations to ensure that appropriate
units are used. Either U.S. Customary or SI units may be
used as a consistent set. When necessary to convert from
one system of units to another, the units shall be converted to at least three significant figures for use in calculations and other aspects of construction.
G-200
Fraction,
in.
Proposed SI
Conversion, mm
/32
/64
1
/16
3
/32
1
/8
5
/32
3
/16
7
/32
1
/4
5
/16
3
/8
7
/16
1
/2
9
/16
5
/8
11
/16
3
/4
7
/8
1
The following guidelines were used to develop SI
equivalents:
(a) SI units are placed in parentheses after the U.S. Customary units in the text.
(b) In general, separate SI tables are provided if interpolation is expected. The table designation (e.g., table
number) is the same for both the U.S. Customary and SI
tables, with the addition of suffix M to the designator
for the SI table, if a separate table is provided. In the text,
references to a table use only the primary table number
(i.e., without the M). For some small tables, where interpolation is not required, SI units are placed in parentheses
after the U.S. Customary unit.
(c) Separate SI versions of graphical information
(charts) are provided, except that if both axes are dimensionless, a single figure (chart) is used.
(d) In most cases, conversions of units in the text were
done using hard SI conversion practices, with some soft
conversions on a casebycase basis, as appropriate. This
was implemented by rounding the SI values to the number
of significant figures of implied precision in the existing
U.S. Customary units. For example, 3,000 psi has an implied precision of one significant figure. Therefore, the
conversion to SI units would typically be to 20 000 kPa.
This is a difference of about 3% from the exact or soft
conversion of 20 684.27 kPa. However, the precision of
the conversion was determined by the Committee on a
casebycase basis. More significant digits were included
0.8
0.8
5.5
5.0
5.5
0.8
5.0
1.0
5.5
0.8
5.0
1.0
2.4
2.0
0.8
2.6
0.3
1.0
1.6
0.8
1.2
1.5
2.5
3
4
5
5.5
6
8
10
11
13
14
16
17
19
22
25
GUIDELINES USED TO DEVELOP SI
EQUIVALENTS
Difference,
%
(f) For nominal sizes that are in even increments of
inches, even multiples of 25 mm were generally used. Intermediate values were interpolated rather than converting and rounding to the nearest mm. See examples in the
following table. [Note that this table does not apply to
nominal pipe sizes (NPS), which are covered below.]
Size, in.
1
11/8
11/4
11/2
2
21/4
21/2
3
31/2
4
41/2
5
6
8
328
Size, mm
25
29
32
38
50
57
64
75
89
100
114
125
150
200
2013 SECTION IX
(i) Volumes in cubic inches (in.3) were converted to cubic mm (mm3) and volumes in cubic feet (ft3) were converted to cubic meters (m 3 ). See examples in the
following table:
Table continued
Size, in.
Size, mm
12
18
20
24
36
40
54
60
72
1
1
1
1
300
450
500
600
900
000
350
500
800
Size or
Length, ft
Size or
Length, m
3
5
200
1
1.5
60
Volume
(U.S. Customary)
1
6
10
5
NPS 1/8
NPS 1/4
NPS 3/8
NPS 1/2
NPS 3/4
NPS 1
NPS 11/4
NPS 11/2
NPS 2
NPS 21/2
NPS 3
NPS 31/2
NPS 4
NPS 5
NPS 6
NPS 8
NPS 10
NPS 12
NPS 14
NPS 16
NPS 18
SI
Practice
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
6
8
10
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
90
100
125
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
U.S.
Customary
Practice
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
SI
Practice
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1
6
10
5
in.2
in.2
in.2
ft2
Pressure
(U.S. Customary)
Pressure
(SI)
0.5 psi
2 psi
3 psi
10 psi
14.7 psi
15 psi
30 psi
50 psi
100 psi
150 psi
200 psi
250 psi
300 psi
350 psi
400 psi
500 psi
600 psi
1,200 psi
1,500 psi
3 kPa
15 kPa
20 kPa
70 kPa
101 kPa
100 kPa
200 kPa
350 kPa
700 kPa
1 MPa
1.5 MPa
1.7 MPa
2 MPa
2.5 MPa
3 MPa
3.5 MPa
4 MPa
8 MPa
10 MPa
(k) Material properties that are expressed in psi or ksi
(e.g., allowable stress, yield and tensile strength, elastic
modulus) were generally converted to MPa to three significant figures. See example in the following table:
(h) Areas in square inches (in. 2) were converted to
square mm (mm2) and areas in square feet (ft2) were converted to square meters (m2). See examples in the following table:
Area
(U.S. Customary)
16 000 mm3
100 000 mm3
160 000 mm3
0.14 m3
(j) Although the pressure should always be in MPa for
calculations, there are cases where other units are used in
the text. For example, kPa is used for small pressures. Also,
rounding was to one significant figure (two at the most) in
most cases. See examples in the following table. (Note that
14.7 psi converts to 101 kPa, while 15 psi converts to
100 kPa. While this may seem at first glance to be an
anomaly, it is consistent with the rounding philosophy.)
(g) For nominal pipe sizes, the following relationships
were used:
U.S.
Customary
Practice
in.3
in.3
in.3
ft3
Volume
(SI)
Area
(SI)
Strength
(U.S. Customary)
Strength
(SI)
95,000 psi
655 MPa
(l) In most cases, temperatures (e.g., for PWHT) were
rounded to the nearest 5C. Depending on the implied precision of the temperature, some were rounded to the nearest 1C or 10C or even 25C. Temperatures colder than
650 mm2
4 000 mm2
6 500 mm2
0.5 m2
329
2013 SECTION IX
the SI value by the factor given to obtain the U.S. Customary value. In most cases it is appropriate to round the answer to three significant figures.
0F (negative values) were generally rounded to the nearest 1C. The examples in the table below were created by
rounding to the nearest 5C, with one exception:
G-300
Temperature,
F
Temperature,
C
70
100
120
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
925
950
1,000
1,050
1,100
1,150
1,200
1,250
1,800
1,900
2,000
2,050
20
38
50
65
95
120
150
175
205
230
260
290
315
345
370
400
425
455
480
495
510
540
565
595
620
650
675
980
1 040
1 095
1 120
U.S.
Customary
SOFT CONVERSION FACTORS
The following table of soft conversion factors is provided for convenience. Multiply the U.S. Customary value
by the factor given to obtain the SI value. Similarly, divide
330
SI
Factor
in.
ft
in.2
ft2
in.3
ft3
U.S. gal
U.S. gal
psi
mm
m
mm2
m2
mm3
m3
m3
liters
MPa (N/mm2)
25.4
0.3048
645.16
0.09290304
16,387.064
0.02831685
0.003785412
3.785412
0.0068948
psi
kPa
6.894757
psi
ftlb
F
bar
J
C
0.06894757
1.355818
5
/9 (F 32)
lbm
lbf
in.lb
kg
N
Nmm
0.4535924
4.448222
112.98484
ftlb
Nm
1.3558181
1.0988434
Btu/hr
0.2930711
lb/ft3
kg/m3
16.018463
/9
/9
Notes
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Used exclusively in
equations
Used only in text
and for
nameplate
...
...
Not for
temperature
difference
For temperature
differences only
Absolute
temperature
...
...
Use exclusively in
equations
Use only in text
...
Use for boiler
rating and heat
transfer
...
