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67 views14 pagesFire Extinguishing Systems Guide
This document discusses different types of fire extinguishing systems including automatic sprinkler systems, manual systems, and other specialized systems. It describes how basic wet sprinkler systems work by maintaining water pressure and activating pumps and alarms when a sprinkler head is triggered. It also covers sprinkler head spacing, sizing of pipework and tanks, deluge systems, alternate wet-dry systems, water mist systems, foam systems, gas extinguishing systems, and fire hose reels.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
67 views14 pagesFire Extinguishing Systems Guide
This document discusses different types of fire extinguishing systems including automatic sprinkler systems, manual systems, and other specialized systems. It describes how basic wet sprinkler systems work by maintaining water pressure and activating pumps and alarms when a sprinkler head is triggered. It also covers sprinkler head spacing, sizing of pipework and tanks, deluge systems, alternate wet-dry systems, water mist systems, foam systems, gas extinguishing systems, and fire hose reels.
Uploaded by
Ali AimranCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fire 3 Extinguishing Systems
Rafay Hasan
Extinguishers available
Automatic
Sprinkler Systems (water)
Foam
Gas
Manual Systems (First Aid)
Hose reels (water)
Portable (water, foam, powder, gas, chemical)
Frangible bulb
deflector
Basic sprinkler
system
wet system
Always fully charged with water
Pressure maintained using jockey pump
Drop of pressure on sprinkler head operating
Main pumps start
Alarm bell activated
FDA activated
More heads operate if fire spreads
Extinguishes or limits growth of fire by cooling the
burning/pyrolysing material
Sprinkler head spacing
Rectangular or staggered layout
Maximum floor area covered per head depending on hazard
classification
Maximum linear distance between heads and distance from walls
Need to consider down beams and ductwork obstructions
Needs careful integration within ceiling plan and other services (eg
lighting)
Maximum number of heads per system
sizing
Pipework and pumps sized to achieve water
design water flow rate (typically 5-10 L/s)
Tanks sized to provide this flow rate for a
minimum period of time (typically 1 hours)
Design flow rate based on Hazard
Classification
(Sizing dealt with later)
Deluge- for high risk areas
Permanently open drencher
heads so all operate
simultaneously when
deluge valve opens
Alternate Wet-Dry
Used where risk of freezing during winter
In summer, operates as normal wet system
In winter, water drained and replaced with
pressurised air on operation of sprinkler
head, system charged with water
Water Mist
Conventional sprinkler
head
Water mist sprinkler head
Water mist
Very fine droplets rapidly evaporated by heat
of fire to form steam:
Cools burning material
Absorbs radiant heat
Cools smoke/flame
displaces combustion air
Reduces amount of water required
Use wet or deluge system
Foam systems
Displaces combustion air
Little cooling potential
Useful for flammable liquid fires
Gas Extinguishing Systems
Halocarbons - displace combustion air and may inhibit burning
Inert gases displace combustion air
Both dangerous to people (suffocation)
Fire Hose Reels
Can be used by occupants or fire
brigade
Not recommended by some fire
authorities risk to user
Locate in a protected fire escape