Introductionto

ObjectOrientedDesign
Dumitru Radoiu
DumitruRadoiu
Spring2009
PETRU MAIOR UNIVERSITY

Agenda

TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD)
The
Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD)
TheUseofClassesinOOD
TheuseofInheritanceinOOD
TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD
CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy

Software development activities

Customer

time

Analysis

= attempt to
understand

Design

= model the
behavior

Implementation

= implement
the model

Exclusions

Deliverables
Needs

Baseline

Requirements

Specifications

Implementation

Procedural approach = multiple procedures modify global data

time

Design

Analysis

= attempt to
understand

= model the
behavior

Edit Data

Implementation

= implement
the model

Load Data

Deliverables
Needs

Requirements

Pi tD
Print
Data
t

Save Data

View Data

Everythingisexposed;
Everything
is exposed;
updatingbusinessrulesdoes
notupdatetheentire
application.

Object-Oriented approach: objects talk to other objects to complete a task

time

Design

Analysis

= attempt to
understand

= model the
behavior

Implementation

= implement
the model

Deliverables
Needs

Requirements

Data
Functionality
Functionalitiesare
Functionalities
are
encapsulated;onlysomeare
exposed(Interfaces)

Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)

time

Design

OO Analysis

= what abstract
entities/objects are
required to future
system?

= model the
behavior

Implementation

= implement
the model

Deliverables
Needs

Requirements

Data
Functionality

Object

Functionalitiesare
Functionalities
are
encapsulated;onlysomeare
exposed(Interfaces)

Object-Oriented Design (OOD)

time

OO Design

OO Analysis

= what abstract
entities/objects are
required to future
system?

= model the
behavior for
the system to
exist

Implementation

= implement
the model

Deliverables
Needs

Requirements

Data
Functionality

Object

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

time

OO Design

OO Analysis

= what abstract
entities/objects are
required to future
system?

= model the
behavior for
the system to
exist

OO Programming

= implement the model in an

Object Oriented Language
(OOL)

Deliverables
Needs

Requirements

Data
Functionality

Object-Oriented World

time

OO Analysis

Create the
vocabulary

Requirements

OO Design

Give
vocabulary
ocabu a y
behavior
(model the
system)

OO Programming

Program the
model
ode

Deliverables

Object-Oriented Design

time

OO Analysis

Create the
vocabulary

Requirements

OO Design

Give
vocabulary
ocabu a y
behavior
(model the
system)

OO Programming

Program the
model
ode

Principles:
1. Classes (abstraction and encapsulation)
2. Inheritance
3. Polymorphism

Deliverables

Agenda

TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD)
The
Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD)
TheUseofClassesinOOD
TheuseofInheritanceinOOD
TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD
CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy

What makes a class: abstraction (= create a general term for an item)

transportation

plane

ship

automobile

truck

A____isatypeof____.

car

SUV

What makes a class: encapsulation ( = stuff the item with data and functionality)

name
data

functionality
black box

name
data
input

output
functionality

Interface=restrictedaccesstofunctionality=lower
maintenance&problemprevention

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

time

OO Design

OO Analysis

= what abstract
entities/objects are
required to future
system?

= model the
behavior for
the system to
exist

OO Programming

= implement the model in an

Object Oriented Language
(OOL)

Deliverables
Needs

Requirements

Data
Functionality

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

time

OO Design

OO Analysis

= what abstract
entities/objects are
required to future
system?

= model the
behavior for
the system to
exist
Di l
Display

OO Programming

= implement the model in an

Object Oriented Language
(OOL)

-Data
Needs

Requirements

Data

+Print()
+View()

-Data
+Save()
+Load()
Load()

Menu
-Data
+Create()
+Edit()

Deliverables

Agenda

TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD)
The
Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD)
TheUseofClassesinOOD
TheuseofInheritanceinOOD
TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD
CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy

The use of Inheritance in OOD

transportation

plane

ship

automobile

truck

car

SUV

The use of Inheritance in OOD

Superclass

Subclass A

Subclass B

Subclass C1

Subclass C

Subclass C2

Subclass C3

The use of Inheritance in OOD

automobile
- Nr.OfWheels
Nr OfWheels
+Drive()
+Reverse()
+Park()
Park()

truck
-Nr.OfGears
- Nr.OfTanks
+ Tow()
+Load()
+Unload()

car
-TrunkSize
-SafetyWindows

SUV
-4WD
-BullBar
+ Trolley()

Multiple Inheritance
Weapon

Vehicle

-ArtileryCapacity
- ArtileryType

-FuelType
- SeatingCapacity
+Drive()
+Reverse()
+Park()
+Start()
+Stop()

+Load()
+Fire()
+Aim()

Tank
-Model

+ Ram()
+Radio()

Agenda

TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD)
The
Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD)
TheUseofClassesinOOD
TheuseofInheritanceinOOD
TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD
CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy

The use of Polymorphism in OOD

Animal
-Nr.OfEyes
- Nr.OfLegs
+ Eat()
+Sleep()

Lion

+ Run()
+Sleep()

Bird

+ Fly()
+Sleep()

Polymorphism=classeswiththesameinterfaceoperateontheirdatadifferently

Agenda

TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD)
The
Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD)
TheUseofClassesinOOD
TheuseofInheritanceinOOD
TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD
CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy

Creating a Class Diagram: Case study

Informationtobuildtheclassdiagram:

Astudentcanbeanundergraduatestudentoragraduatestudent
g
g
Anundergraduatestudentcanbeatypeoftutor
Atutortutorsastudent
Ateacherandaprofessoraretwotypesofinstructors
eac e a d a p o esso a e o ypes o s uc o s
Ateacherassistantcanassistaprofessorandateacher;ateacher
canbeassistedbyoneassistant,whileaprofessorcanbeassistedby
uptofiveassistants
Ateacherassistantisatypeofgraduatestudent

A student can be an undergraduate student or a graduate student

Astudentcanbeanundergraduatestudentoragraduatestudent
Student

U d
Undergraduate
d t

G d t
Graduate

An undergraduate student can be a type of tutor

Anundergraduatestudentcanbeatypeoftutor
Student
T t
Tutor

U d
Undergraduate
d t

G d t
Graduate

A tutor tutors a student

Atutortutorsastudent
tutors>

Student

T t
Tutor

U d
Undergraduate
d t

G d t
Graduate

A teacher and a professor are two types of instructors

Ateacherandaprofessoraretwotypesofinstructors
tutors>

Student

T t
Tutor

Instructor

U d
Undergraduate
d t

G d t
Graduate

Teacher

Professor

Ateacherassistantcanassistaprofessorandateacher;ateachercan
b
beassistedbyoneassistant,whileaprofessorcanbeassistedbyup
i db
i
hil
f
b
i db
tofiveassistants
tutors>

Student

T t
Tutor

Instructor

U d
Undergraduate
d t

G d t
Graduate

Teacher

Professor

1
0..1

0..4

TeacherAssistant

Ateacherassistantisatypeofgraduatestudent
tutors>

Student
Instructor

Tutor

Undergraduate

Graduate

Teacher

Professor

1
0..1

0..4

TeacherAssistant

Project
Readthefollowingscenarioandperformtherequiredactivities:

Theassignedprojectrequirestobuildanonlinestorewiththe
followingcharacteristics:
Customerscanbuydifferentphysicalobjectswhichwillbedelivered
f ll i
followingpayment
t
Paymentcanbemadeviacreditcard(arrangementswithathird
partyarealreadymade)

Activities:
1.
2
2.
3.
4.
5.

UsingBPMN(BusinessProcessModelingNotation)modelthebusiness
D
DrawtheUseCaseDiagramofasoftwaresystemwhichsupportsthebusiness
th U C
Di
f
ft
t
hi h
t th b i
DrawtheSequenceDiagramforeachUseCases
DrawtheActivityDiagramforeachUseCase
DrawtheClassDiagramsforthesystem