SCREENLESS DISPLAY REPORT

by

SAMARTH SHUKLA (1409013020)

Submitted to the Department of INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

in

INFORMATION TECHNOLGY

I.E.C. COLLEGE OF ENGINNERING AND TECHNOLOGY

U.P. Technical University

APRIL, 2018

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the seminar entitled “ScreenLess Display” submitted for the B. Tech. (IT)
degree is my original work and the project has not formed the basis for the award of any other
degree, diploma, fellowship or any other similar titles.

Signature of the Student

Place:

Date:

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar titled “ScreenLess Display” is the bona fide work carried out
by Samarth Shukla student of B Tech(IT) of IEC College of Engineering and Technology
affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow(UP) India, during the
academic year 2017-18, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology(Information Technology) and that the seminar has not formed the basis
for the award previously of any other degree, diploma, fellowship or any other similar title.

Signature of the Guide

Place:

Date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Seminar undertaken
during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Professor Vipin Kumar
Kushwaha, Department of Information Technology, IEC College of Engineering and
Technology, Greater Noida for his constant support and guidance throughout the course of our
work. His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration
for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor Rajneesh Sir Head,
Department of Information Technology, IEC College of Engineering and Technology, Greater
Noida for his full support and assistance during the development of the project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty
members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of
our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the
completion of the project.

Signature:

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INRODUCTION
1.1. VISUAL IMAGE
1.1.1. HOLOGRAM
1.2. RETINAL DISPLAY
1.3. SYNAPTIC INTERFACE

2. DLP PICO TECHNOLOGY

3. USES OF SCREENLESS DISPLAY

4. ADVANTAGES OVER TRADITIONAL DISPLAY

5. ADVANTAGES OF DLP TECHNOLOGY

6. SYSTEM AND ELECTRONIC CONSIDERATIONS

6.1. FRONT-END SUBSYSTEM
6.2. DLP PICO PROJECTION SYSTEM
6.2.1. DLP PICO OPTICAL MODULE
6.2.2. DLP PICO ELECTRONICS

7. CHIPSET PORTFOLIO

8. APPLICATIONS

9. DISADVANTAGES

10.FUTURE ENHANEMENT

11.CONCLUSION

12.REFERENCES

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 INTRODUCTION

Screen less display is the present evolving technology in the field of the computer-enhanced
technologies. It is going to be the one of the greatest technological development in the coming
future years. Several patents are still working on this new emerging technology which can
change the whole spectacular view of the screenless displays. Screen less display technology has
the main aim of displaying (or) transmitting the information without any help of the screen (or)
the projector. Screen less displays have become a new rage of development for the next GEN-X.
Screenless videos describe systems for transmitting visual information from a video source
without the use of the screen.
Screen less computing systems can be divided mainly into 3 groups:
 Visual image
 Retinal direct
 Synaptic interface
Screenless Display is a new class of projection-based display device that combines the latest
innovations across three technology areas: DLP Pico technology, wireless connectivity and any
mobile operating system (Figure 2-1). By combining these three technologies, Screenless
Display allows users to display any content on virtually any surface from a small, portable
wireless device. For example, the display surface can be a wall or table in an office or a home, a
kitchen countertop, the ceiling in a bedroom, the side of a camping tent, or even a garage door
(Figure 2-2).

SMART WIRELESS
CONECTIVITY
Android
Cloud
Applications
Wi-fi/LTE
Extendable platform
Your mobile content
DLP PROJECTION

Big screen
experience from
asmall form factor.

Any surface display.

Figure 2-1. Screenless Display as Combination of Three Technologies
Solid-state
illumination

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1.1.VISUAL IMAGE

Visual Image screen less display includes any screen less image that the eye can perceive as
shown in figure 1 and 2. The most common example of Visual Image screen less display is a
hologram.

Fig 1. Example of visual Image

1.1.1 HOLOGRAM

Holograms were used mostly in telecommunications as an alternative to screens. Holograms

could be transmitted directly, or they could be stored in various storage devices (such as holo
discs) the storage device can be hooked up with a holo projector in order for the stored image to
be accessed. Debatably, virtual reality goggles (which consist of two small screens but are
nonetheless sufficiently different from traditional computer screens to be considered screen less)
and heads-up display in jet fighters (which display images on the clear cockpit window) also are
included in Visual Image category. In all of these cases, light is reflected off some intermediate
object (hologram, LCD panel, or cockpit window) before it reaches the retina.

Fig.2. Example of visual Image

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In the case of LCD panels the light is refracted from the back of the panel, but is nonetheless a
reflected source. The new software and hardware will enable the user to, in effect; make design
adjustments in the system to fit his or her particular needs, capabilities, and preferences. They
will enable the system to do such things as adjusting tousers’ behaviors in dealing with
interactive movable type.

1.2.RETINAL DISPLAY

Virtual retinal display systems are a class of screen less displays in which images are projected
directly onto the retina as shown in figure 3. They are distinguished from visual image systems
because light is not reflected from some intermediate object onto the retina; it is instead
projected directly onto the retina. Retinal Direct systems, once marketed, hold out the promise of
extreme privacy when computing work is done in public places because most inquiring relies on
viewing the same light as the person who is legitimately viewing the screen, and retinal direct
systems send light only into the pupils of their intended viewer.

Fig. 3. Retinal Display

1.3. SYNAPTIC INTERFACE

Synaptic Interface screen less video does not use light at all. Visual information completely
bypasses the eye and is transmitted directly to the brain. While such systems have yet to be
implemented in humans, success has been achieved in sampling usable video signals from the
biological eyes of a living horseshoe crab through their optic nerves, and in sending video signals
from electronic cameras into the creatures' brains using the same method as illustrated in figure4.

Fig.4. Synaptic Interface

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 WHAT IS DLP PICO-TECHNOLOGY

Texas Instruments DLP Pico technology is a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)

technology that modulates light using a digital micro mirror device (DMD). A DMD consists of
hundreds of thousands of highly reflective, digitally switchable, micrometer-sized mirrors (micro
mirrors) organized in a two dimensional array. Each micro mirror on a DMD represents a pixel
on the screen (Figure 1-1) and is independently modulated, in sync with color sequential
illumination, to create stunning displays.
DLP Pico technology powers the displays of products worldwide, from media projectors to
projectors inside of tablets and smartphones. TI’s DLP Pico chipsets are a great fit for any
display system that requires high resolution and high brightness at low power in a compact size.

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 USES OF SCREENLESS DISPLAY

Screenless Display can be used in a wide variety of ways. Some possible use cases are:

• On the go display: For consumers who travel frequently or live in small homes, Screenless
Display with embedded wireless and video streaming applications can create a large display
when needed yet also remain extremely portable.

• Anywhere display: For consumers who would rather not have a TV mounted on a bedroom
wall, a Screenless Display can be an inconspicuous wireless device that blends in to the décor
while creating a large, HD display on a wall or a ceiling as required.

• Portable cinema: For consumers who like to share video experiences with others, a Screenless
Display can create unique group viewing opportunities on virtually any surface, inside or
outside. For example, a big gameon the garage door, a movie night in the backyard, or watching
a movie on the side of a tent while camping.

Figure 2-2. Screenless Display Examples

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 KEY ADVANTAGES OF DLP PICO-TECHNOLOGY

DLP Pico technology offers several key advantages that make it a great fit for Screenless
Display:

• High optical efficiency: DLP Pico technology can work with any light source including LEDs,
lasers, laser-phosphor or lamp and offers very high optical efficiency. The result is a high
brightness display with low power consumption, which is a particularly good fit for high
brightness display applications such as Screenless Display. Low power consumption also enables
battery operation for a cable-less experience.

• Wide choice of display resolution chipsets: DLP Pico technology offers a wide range of
display chipsets ranging from small resolution – n HD (640 × 360), WVGA (854 × 480) to HD
resolution WXGA (1280 × 800), HD (1280 × 720) and Full HD (1920 × 1080) resolutions. This
provides the system designer with flexibility in designing and differentiating products across
brightness, size, resolution, battery requirements and cost levels.

• High contrast: Depending on the optical design, DLP Pico technology can enable a high
contrast ratio, which creates deep blacks and improves perceived brightness and image quality.

• High speed: Each DMD micromirror can flip thousands of times per second, enabling fast
color refresh rates and high frame rates (120 Hz or higher in select cases). In addition, low
display latency makes DLP Pico technology a great fit for gaming.

• Advanced image processing algorithms: The DLP IntelliBright suite of algorithms provides
two key functions:
– Content Adaptive Illumination Control: The ability to dynamically adjust each RGB LED to
optimize power based on frame by frame content.
– Local Area Brightness Boost: The ability to intelligently boost darker regions of images
depending on ambient lighting conditions. For more information on these algorithms, see the TI
DLP IntelliBright application note. DLP Pico technology is a proven display technology.

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 SYSTEM AND ELECTRONIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR
SCREENLESS DISPLAY USING DLP-TECHNOLOGY

A typical Screenless Display system is comprised of two subsystems (Figure 5-1):

• Front end subsystem
• DLP Pico projection subsystem

Figure 5-1. Screenless Display System Diagram

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6.1.Front end subsystem– Consists of an application processor that provides functionality such
as:
• Wi-Fi/Bluetooth
• HDMI
• IR remote control
• Audio control
• Fan control
• Tilt sensor for automatic keystone correction
• Motor control for autofocus

6.2.DLP Pico Projection subsystem: The DLP Pico Projection subsystem consists of two
additional subsystems: the DLP Pico optical module and DLP Pico electronics.

6.2.1. DLP Pico Optical Module: The DLP Pico DMD, along with its associated illumination
sources, optical elements, and necessary mechanical components are combined into a compact
and rugged assembly known as an optical module or light engine (Figure 5-2).

Figure 5-2. Simplified Optical Module Diagram

The optical module is the core display component of the system. Optical modules can be of
various sizes depending on the application and requirements. In general, the higher the

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brightness, the larger the size of the optical module due to larger LEDs, optics, DMD and
thermal management in the form of heat sinks and fans. To enable faster time to market many
DLP Pico optical modules of various designs, sizes, capabilities, and performance are readily
available from a number of Original Design Manufacturers (ODMs) who are part of the DLP
Pico eco-system.

6.2.2. DLP Pico Electronics

• A typical DLP electronics system block diagram for a Screenless Display application is shown
in Figure 5-3. The key components are the DLP controller, DLP chipset power management IC,
and the LED drive circuit.
1. The DLP controller communicates with a front end processor via I2C and receives 24-bit
RGB video data via parallel interface.
2. Power up/power down of the DLP system is controlled by the front end processor using
the PROJ_ON signal.
3. The Power Management IC (PMIC)/LED driver provides all the necessary power
supplies for the DLP controller and the DMD while the LED driver controls the RGB
LED current.

Figure 5-3. DLP Electronics System Block Diagram using DLP3010, DLPC3438, and DLPA3000

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 DLP PICO CHIPSET PORTFOLIO FOR SCREENLESS
DISPLAY

The following DLP Pico chipsets are well suited for Screenless Display applications.

Table 6-1. DLP Pico Chipset Portfolio for Screenless Display

Brightness is an important consideration when selecting a DLP chipset. Figure 6-1 can help
determine the required brightness and matching chipsets based on screen size and ambient light
conditions.

Figure 6-1. Brightness Tab

NOTE: DLP Enterprise chipsets are available for >0.5 inch diagonal. Contact TI for more detail

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 APPLICATION OF SCREENLESS DISPLAY

The main use of the screen less displays are used for the development of the mobile phones
which are mainly used by the old and blind people as shown in figure 7. This type of the
invention of the screen less displays was first done on the mobile phone named OWASYS 2CC.
This model is very useful for the old, blind, and even for the people with less vision power.

Fig. 7. Appliaction applied to mobile Technology

Screen less displays technology is also implemented for the development of the screen less
laptops. A laptop without an LCD can be a very useful portable solution when connected to CRT
or fixed LCD monitors. Laptops without screens would also be a green solution, giving value to
donated CRT monitors that would otherwise be heading for landfills. Portability means that
volunteers, who don’t always have the time to travel to people’s homes, can more easily
maintain this computer. Screenless displays are also widely applicable in the field of the
holograms projection. Hologram projection is a result of a technological innovation that truly
helps in touch less holographic interfaces. In fact, hologram projection projects 3D images of so
high quality that it feels as if one can touch them. However, holographic projection is still to
achieve mass acceptance as until now, conventional holograms, which offer3D images

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Latest laser technology are also implementing the special technique of the screen less display
through the presence of the several 3D scope animation or the screen provides the advantage of
being combined with the Laser Valve Video Projector that helps in projecting video images by
the use of the laser light instead of the Xenon Arc lamps as depicted in figure 8. Laser
technologies have given an edge over the other technologies as the LVP gives the projector an
excellent depth in the focus.

Fig.8. Virtual screens

Screen less display’s major working principle can also be implemented in the emerging of the
new screen less TV’s. Imagine that watching the TV picture that seems to be magically
appearing in the thin air. The picture just floats on in front of the viewer; this would be a latest
emerging technology in the future as depicted in figure 9.

Figure 9. Magical display in air

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 DISADVANTAGES

 Yet not available in significant number and still under progress.

 Cost per unit is high, but is not a permanent effect, as the further the technology will
develop, it will be more efficient and its cost will be reduced.
 The only real disadvantage of DLP projectors is is what devotees call the “rainbow
effect.” Consumer DLP projectors use a transparent colored disk (chromatic wheel)
which turns in front of the lamp. This disk, divided into several primary colors,
reconstitutes all the final colors. These primary colors are positioned like the slices of pie.
Depending on the projector, there can be 3 segments, or 4 segments,6 segments and even
8 segments with several white onces. The fewer the segments, the less rapidly the disk
turns, and the more capable the eye is breaking down the colors. This means that you
sometimes see what looks like a rainbow, especially in light areas of the image.
Fortunately, not everyone sees these rainbows. So before buying a DLP projector, be sure
to view a few video sequences.

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 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

For the future development of this emerging new technology, several researches are being
conducted and the several renowned IT sector companies and other best labs present in the world
are handling over the project of screenless displays.

 Microsoft in 2001 began the work on an idea for an interactive table that mixes both the
physical and the Virtual worlds.

 Multi touch is a human computer interaction technique and the hardwires devices that
implement it, which allows users to compute without conventional input devices.

 CUBIT is being developed for the future use of the multi -touch use of the program.

 Development of the enhancement of the micro vision also gives the improved and the
futuristic view of the screenless displays. This technology of the micro vision is the very
well useful in the Artificial Retinal Display properties.

 Japanese scientists have invented the pair of intelligent glasses that remembers where
people last saw their keys, handbags, iPod, and mobile phones.

 Smart Google is developing the compact video camera which films everything the
wearer looks at the information what the viewer wants will be directly being seen in
through the glasses where there is no screen or projector present.

 Several laboratories are working under progress on the electron beam lithography which
includes the advanced enhancement of the futuristic screen less display.

 Adobe systems are also working out for the development and deployment cross platform
of the several applications which are to be viewed without the actual screen

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 CONCLUSION

The paper has elaborately discussed screenless displays which is one of the most emerging
computer technologies and has become a new exciting rage for the upcoming generations as a
field of the futuristic technology. Due to the ability of having several advantages which are
involved in the making, designing, coding of the screenless , this needs plenty of knowledge and
process for the development is still under the improvement. May be in the future the world may
be dominated with the screen less display technologies and this enriches the world of
technological empowerment in the field of the computer technology. Screenless displays
promises the cost effective aspect and also brighter future in the computer technology.

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 REFERENCES

[1]Screen-less Head Mounted Projector with RetrotranmissiveOptics Ryugo KIJIMA, Jyunya

WATANABE.

[2]Kiyokawa, K., "A Wide Field-of-view Head Mounted Projective Display using Hyperbolic
Half-silvered Mirrors", Procs of ISMAR.

[3]Okano, F., Arai, J., "Resolution characteristics of afocalarray optics".

[4] SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 30 September-3 October 2001, New
Orleans, Louisiana.

[5]www.technologyreview.com/blog/mimssbits/25623/videos.mitrasites.com/screenless-
display.html

[6]Telecoms.cytalk.com/.../why-the-future-of-mobile-isscreenless-touch.

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