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Aligarh Movement: Muslim Educational Reform

The Aligarh Movement was established in the 19th century to modernize education for Muslims in British India with the founding of the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College in Aligarh by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. The movement reformed education and had profound impacts on the religion, politics, culture and society of India, strengthening Muslim identity and influence. It contributed to the development of Pakistan and had impacts beyond northern India through the 20th century by influencing other movements, literature and political participation of Indian Muslims.

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127 views2 pages

Aligarh Movement: Muslim Educational Reform

The Aligarh Movement was established in the 19th century to modernize education for Muslims in British India with the founding of the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College in Aligarh by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. The movement reformed education and had profound impacts on the religion, politics, culture and society of India, strengthening Muslim identity and influence. It contributed to the development of Pakistan and had impacts beyond northern India through the 20th century by influencing other movements, literature and political participation of Indian Muslims.

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ALIGARH MOVEMENT

The Aligarh Movement was the push to establish a modern system of education for the
Muslim population of British India, during the later decades of the 19th century. The
movement′s name derives from the fact that its core and origins lay in the city of Aligarh in
Northern India and, in particular, with the foundation of the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental
Collegiate School in 1875. The founder of the oriental college, and the other educational
institutions that developed from it, was Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. He became the leading light of
the wider Aligarh Movement.The educational reform established a base, and an impetus, for
the wider Movement: an Indian Muslim renaissance that had a profound implications for the
religion, the politics, the culture and society of the Indian sub-continent.

One of indirect consequences of the awakening is the notion that without this revival of a
Muslim self-consciousness and self-confidence, directly attributable to the Movement, there
could or would have been no Pakistan Movement in the run up to Indian Independence.

The Aligarh Movement had a profound impact on the Indian society, particularly on the
Muslim society compared to the other powerful but less adaptable movements of the 19th
century. It influenced a number of other contemporary movements to a great extent that it
caused the emergence of other socio-religious movements during the 19th century.

The impact of Aligarh Movement was not confined to the Northern India only, but its
expansion could be seen on the other regions of the Indian sub-continent during the 20th
century.

The Aligarh Movement was made a weighty and lasting contribution to the political
emancipation (liberation) of Indian Muslims. The movement was political in nature from the
very beginning.

The Deoband school was opposed to the movement as Aligarh Movement was pro British. The
Aligarh Movement introduced a new trend in Urdu literature. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and his
association left the old style of writing in the Urdu language, which was rhetorical (
bombastic) and academic, and started a simple style which helped Muslims to understand
the main purpose of the movement. Sir Syed Ahmed was the central figure behind this
awakening..

The Aligarh Movement helped poets and writers to leave the romantic style of prose and
poetry, and suggested the adoption of a moral, cultural, historical and political attitude which
influenced the common life of the Indian Muslim. Urdu Defence Association is regarded as an
offshoot of the Aligarh Movement.

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