Commercial Building for Mr.

Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report

Sitapaila, Kathmandu

1 Introduction

1.1 General

This report summarizes structural analysis and design of proposed building for District Court, Makawanpur, an
office building proposed to build in Sitapaila, Makawanpur. This is a five storied building with basement consists of
a reinforced concrete frame with rigid reinforced concrete slabs for floors and roof. Shallow depth raft foundation
was used for the foundation whereas; the partition of the building will be the brick masonry in cement mortar.

1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work

The main objectives of the work are to perform the structural design of the building in terms of suitability of the
structural system, cost effectiveness, efficient use of materials and other resources, conformance to the acceptable
building codes, standards and established engineering practices, with special emphasis on the effects due to
earthquakes, winds, and other applicable demands.

The scope of work is divided into two phases.

Phase I: Structural System Development

Structural system is developed to achieve the good performance and cost effectiveness in collaboration
with the project architects.

1) Review architectural drawings and other related documents as necessary.

2) Develop structural concepts and the structural system with an objective to achieve good performance and
cost effectiveness.

Phase II: Detailed Structural Design

Structural design is carried out using state-of-the-art methodologies, techniques, technologies, and tools.
References are made to the relevant design codes, standards, and documents.

1) Develop design criteria to be used for the structural design of the building.

2) Create finite element models of the structure with varying complexities and refinements as suitable to
understand the response.

3) Carry out an analysis and design of the structure, progressively using linear-static, linear-dynamic, and
other relevant techniques.

4) Carry out detailed design and prepare structural design drawings.

1.3 Structural Components

The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the following table:

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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Table 1.1: Typical Structural Member and Components.

Structural System Element Typical Component Types

Foundation Reinforced Concrete raft foundation

Column Reinforced Concrete Column

Beam Reinforced Concrete Beam

Special Moment Resisting

Slab on Grade None
Frame (SMRF)

Intermediate Floors Reinforced Concrete Slab

Roof Reinforced Concrete Slab

Brick Masonry non load bearing walls and RC

Wall
Basement retaining wall

1.4 Codes, Standards and References

The basic building codes to be referred are listed below. However, specific applications of those code
provisions are discussed in the corresponding sections.

Building Code:

 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal, Nepal National Building Code, NBC 105: 1994,
 Wind Load, Nepal National Building Code, NBC 104: 1994, or later editions, as applicable
 Occupancy Load (Imposed Load), Nepal National Building Code, NBC 103: 1994, or
equivalent
 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Indian Standard, IS:1893 (Part 1) -2002,
or equivalent

Material Code:

 Steel: Nepal National Building Code, NBC 111: 1994, General Construction in Steel - Code of
Practice, IS 800 : 2007
 Plain and Reinforced Concrete: Nepal National Building Code, NBC 110: 1994, Plain and
Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice. IS 456 : 2000
 Masonry: Unreinforced: Nepal National Building Code, NBC 109: 1994, or equivalent
 Mandatory Rules of Thumb Concrete Buildings with Masonry Infill, Nepal National Building
Code, NBC 201: 1994

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
Sitapaila, Kathmandu

 Mandatory Rules of Thumb Reinforced Concrete Buildings without Masonry Infill, Nepal
National Building Code, NBC 205: 1994
 Steel Tubes for Structural Purposes - Specifications, IS 1161 (1998)
 Mandatory Rules of Thumb Reinforced Concrete Buildings without Masonry Infill, Nepal
National Building Code, NBC 205: 1994

Other References

 ETABS Analysis Reference and Documentations.

 Related Books, Research Papers and Reports.

1.5 Analysis software :

ETABS, one of the extremely versatile and most reliable stand-alone finite-element-based structural
program for the analysis and design of building structures. It offers an intuitive, yet powerful user interface
with many tools to aid in the quick and accurate construction of models, along with the sophisticated
analytical techniques needed to do the most complex projects.

ETABS is objecting based, meaning that the models are created with members that represent the physical
reality. A beam with multiple members framing into it is created as a single object, just as it exists in the
real world, and the subdividing needed to ensure that connectivity exists with the other members is handled
internally by the program. Results for analysis and design are reported for the overall object, and not for
each sub-element that makes up the object, providing information that is both easier to interpret and more
consistent with the physical structure. ETABS is an extremely versatile and powerful program, with many
features and functions

1.6 Basic Materials :

Concrete :

Minimum Compressive strength of concrete to be used in design of beam and column shall be 25
MPa, whereas the minimum compressive strength of concrete to be used in design of slab,
staircase and foundation shall be 20 MPa.

Reinforcing Steel :

Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design of reinforced concrete
elements shall be 500 MPa for main bars and 415 MPa for confinement bars and stirrups.

Soil :

Soil type III is considered in the current design. The safe bearing capacity is recommended as 156
kPa according to soil investigation report.

1.7 Building Parameters :

The salient features of the proposed building are summarized in the following table:

Table 1.2: Salient features of the proposed building

Building Building Type Administrative/Office

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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Reinforced Concrete Special Moment

Structural System
Resisting Frame
Number of Stories Basement+5

Provision for future extension No

Typical Storey Height 3.60 m for all floors

25.20 m (Base level to top floor including
Total Height of Building
stair cover)
Least Lateral Base Dimension of the
18.00 m
Building
Height to Least Lateral Base
1.40
Dimension Ration
Column 600*600mm at all locations

Frames 350*550mm main beam at all locations

Beam
230*300mm secondary beams

Basement Retaining Wall 200 mm thick RC walls

Lift Core walls 230 mm thick Brick Masonry Walls

Walls
Typical Exterior Walls 230mm thick Brick Masonry Walls

Typical Interior Walls/Partitions 115mm Masonry Walls

Typical Floor 125mm thick RC slab at all floors

Floor
Roof 125mm thick RC slab

Foundation Raft Raft Foundation

2 Loads

2.1 Introduction :

This section presents the design loads considered in the structural design, including gravity loads, seismic
loads and wind loads.

2.2 Gravity Load:

Self-weight of the structure is considered as dead load and finishes and partitions are considered as
superimposed dead load. Dead Loads are accessed according to the unit weights specified in IS 875 (Part
1)-1987 or equivalent with the actual sizes of members and finishes. The unit weight of key materials and
the uniform loads considered in design are summarized in the following table:

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
Sitapaila, Kathmandu

Table 2.1: Unit Weight of key materials used

Materials Unit Weight

Reinforced Concrete 25.0 kN/m3

Brick Masonry 19.2 KN/m3

Screed 22.0 KN/m3

Cement Plaster 20.4 KN/m3

Vitrified Clay Tiles (12.5mm thick) 0.12 KN/m2

Marble 27.0 KN/m3

The superimposed dead loads of floor and walls are summarized in the following table:

Table 2.2: Superimposed dead loads

Particulars Load

Floor finishes (Marble Finish) 1.78 kN/m2

Floor finishes (Clay Tile Finish) 1.48 kN/m2

Partition 1.0 KN/m2

wall load (230mm thick w/o opening) 16.06 KN/m

wall load (230mm thick with 30% opening
11.24 KN/m
assumed)
wall load (115mm thick w/o opening) 6.84 KN/m

Parapet wall (9" thick considered) 5.3 KN/m

Live load is determined in accordance with occupancy or use. The following loads are in addition to the
self-weight of the structure. The minimum loading requirements shall be taken from IS 875 (Part 2)-1987
or equivalent. The live load considered in the design is summarized in the table below:

Table 2.3: Live loads

Occupancy/Use Load

Offices, Ijlas Halls 4.0 KN/m2

Store 5.0 KN/m2

Offices, with separate store 2.5 KN/m2

Toilets and kitchen 2.0 KN/m2

Lobby, corridors, waiting halls, staircase 4.0 KN/m2

Terrace 1.5 KN/m2

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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Garage (Parking Floor), if any 5.0 KN/m2

2.3 Wind Load :

Wind speed shall be determined in accordance with NBC 104-1994. The country is divided into two
regions: a) the lower plains and hills and, b) the mountains. The first zone generally includes the southern
plains of the Terai, the Kathmandu Valley and those regions of the country generally below an elevation of
3000 meters. The second zone covers all areas above 3000 meters. For the Nepalese plains continuous with
the Indian planes, a basic velocity of 47 m/s shall be used. In the higher hills, a basic wind velocity of 55
meters per second shall be used. In this report, the wind load value was summarized as the table below.

Table 2.4: Wind load.

Parameters Value

Basic Wind Speed 47m/s

Risk Coefficient (Probability factor) 1

Topography factor 1

Terrain factor 1

2.4 Seismic Load :

The basic seismic input may be determined from IS 1893:2002 used as Design Basis Earthquake in code-
based design. The parameters for seismic loading are summarized in the table below:

Table 2.5: Seismic load (IS 1893:2002).

Parameters Value

Seismic Zone Factor 0.36

Importance Factor 1

Response Reduction Factor 5

Soil Type III

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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Fig 2.1: Response Spectra for Rock and Soil Siter for 5 Percent Damping (IS 1893:2002)

2.5 Load Combination :

The ultimate limit state design load combination used in the design of proposed building are based on IS
1893:2002, IS 456:2000, IS 800:2007 and are as follows:

Table 2.6: Ultimate Strength Design Load Combinations

S.No. Load Combination

1 1.5DL+1.5LL

2 1.2 (DL+LL±EQX)

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
Sitapaila, Kathmandu

3 1.2 (DL+LL±EQY)

4 1.5 (DL±EQX)

5 1.5 (DL±EQY)

6 0.9DL±1.5EQX

7 0.9DL±1.5EQY

If the lateral load resisting elements are not oriented along the orthogonal horizontal directions, the
structure will be designed for the effects due to foil design earthquake load in one horizontal direction plus
30 percent of the design earthquake load in the other direction.

3 Modeling and Analysis

3.1 Introduction :

This section presents the finite element modeling of the building, including modeling assumptions of
materials, sections, and components properties. Following figure shows the ground floor plan and section
of the building.

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
Sitapaila, Kathmandu

Fig 3.1: Floor Plan and Section of the proposed building.

3.2 Modeling of Structural System :

Complete, three-dimensional elastic models are created, representing the structure’s spatial distribution of
the mass and stiffness to an extent that is adequate for the calculation of the significant features of the
building’s elastic response. SAP2000 is used as analysis tool. The elastic models are used for gravity and
earthquake analysis. Nominal material properties are used in modeling of structural components. The
models include floor slab, columns, beams and walls.

Beams

Frame elements are used in modeling of beams, which includes the effects of bending, torsion,
axial deformation, and shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets are applied to account
for the finite size of beam and column intersections, if required. The end offsets may be made
partially or fully rigid based on engineering judgment to model the stiffening effect that can occur
when the ends of an element are embedded in beam and column intersections. End releases are
applied to model different fixity conditions at the ends of the element in accordance with the type
of detailing.

Columns

Frame elements are used in modeling of columns, which includes the effects of biaxial bending,
torsion, axial deformation, and biaxial shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets are
applied to account for the finite size of beam and column intersections, if required. The end offsets
may be made partially or fully rigid based on engineering judgment to model the stiffening effect

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
Sitapaila, Kathmandu

that can occur when the ends of an element are embedded in beam and column intersections. End
releases are applied to model different fixity conditions at the ends of the element in accordance
with the type of detailing.

Slab and Wall

Thin Shell elements are used in modeling of slab and basement wall, which includes the effects of
in-plane and out-of-plane deformations.

Foundation

Rigid foundation is assumed to work out for the bearing pressures. For strength related design,
foundation is modeled as flexible with linear soil spring model.

Damping

Constant modal damping of 5% is used in seismic analysis at DBE level considering structure
remains essentially elastic.

Fig 3.2: ETABS Model

3.3 Analysis :

Analysis procedure of the code based design was Linear Static for Gravity load, Linear Static for
Earthquake load and Linear Static for Wind load.

Modal analysis is carried out to determine the modal properties of the building. 100% of dead load,
superimposed dead load and 25% of live load for those less than 3 kPa and 50% of those greater than 3 kPa
are considered as mass source in modal analysis. Either Eigen analysis or Ritz analysis shall be used.

3.4 Components and Member Design :

The structural components are designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements. Strength capacity
for different types of actions considered in the design is summarized in the table below.

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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Table 3.1: Component and Member Design

Component Design Approach/Consideration Code Reference
Concrete beams Flexure and Shear IS 456:2000
Concrete columns Compression, Flexure and Shear IS 456:2000
Footings/Foundation Bearing capacity of soil, Flexure and Shear IS 456:2000
Slab and staircase Flexure and Shear IS 456:2000

4 Analysis and Design Results

4.1 Introduction:

This section presents the analysis and design results of the school building. The structural components were
designed to resist the elastic demand forces using response spectrum analysis.

4.2 Analysis Results:

Modal analysis was performed in order to determine the vibration modes of a building. The first and second
modes of the building are translation in Y and X directions. The natural periods of the building were found
to be within the acceptable range for this type of building height. The number of 26 modes was run to
achieve above 90% of mass participation ratio.

The information regarding the diaphragm eccentricity is given in the succeeding table. The natural periods
and modes shape of the first three modes of the building and modal participating mass ratios are then
shown in succeeding table.

Table 4.1: Diaphragm eccentricities

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
Sitapaila, Kathmandu

XCM YCM XCR YCR eX eY

Story
  m m m m m m

Story5 17.690 11.766 17.680 12.422 0.010 -0.656

Story5 17.506 12.592 17.668 12.855 -0.162 -0.263

Story4 17.294 12.856 17.669 12.849 -0.375 0.007

Story3 17.258 12.835 17.671 12.824 -0.413 0.011

Story2 17.268 12.839 17.674 12.777 -0.407 0.062

Story1 17.265 12.836 17.682 12.661 -0.417 0.175

Basement 17.335 12.715 17.690 13.019 -0.355 -0.304

Table 4.2: Mode shapes and periods

Mode No. Mode shape Period

1 1.015 s

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
Sitapaila, Kathmandu

2 0.983 s

3 0.944 s

Table 4.3: Modal Mass Participation Ratios

Mode Period Modal Mass Participation Ratio
  (s)     Cumulative Cumulative
    X Y X Y
1 1.015 0.0001 0.6786 0.0001 0.6786

2 0.983 0.6607 0.0002 0.6608 0.6788

3 0.944 0.0153 0.0011 0.6761 0.6799

4 0.327 0.0000 0.0873 0.6761 0.7672

5 0.317 0.0825 0.0000 0.7587 0.7673

6 0.302 0.0024 0.0002 0.7611 0.7675

7 0.193 0.0000 0.0332 0.7611 0.8007

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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8 0.187 0.0311 0.0000 0.7922 0.8007

9 0.183 0.0001 0.0001 0.7923 0.8007

10 0.137 0.0035 0.0042 0.7958 0.8049

11 0.135 0.0014 0.0180 0.7972 0.8230

12 0.131 0.0146 0.0001 0.8118 0.8231

Base Shear

For the computation of the elastic base shear, the height considered from ground level to the fourth
floor top as 25.2 m. The fundamental period of the structure was found to be 0.655 seconds. The
elastic base shear were computed in the above base level was found to be 4312 kN. Total weight
of building above base level is 47912 kN. The elastic base shear percentage in terms of seismic
weight of Building was found to be 9%. The base shear resulting from static and response
spectrum method and corresponding scale factor is presented in the following table.

Table 4.4: Base Shear

Static Base Shear (kN) Base Shear from Response Spectrum Analysis (kN)
Vb,x Vb,y Scale Factor Vb,x Scale Factor Vb,y
N/A N/A N/A N/A
1104 1101
N/A N/A N/A N/A

Storey Drift

The deflection deviation was compared with the height of certain point was used to calculate the
maximum drift as shown in the table below.

Table 4.5: Storey Drift

Storey Max. Drift % % Limit Remarks
Resp X Resp Y
Story6 0.038 0.048 0.4 OK

Story5 0.116 0.124 0.4 OK

Story4 0.192 0.203 0.4 OK

Story3 0.241 0.255 0.4 OK

Story2 0.249 0.264 0.4 OK

Story1 0.167 0.180 0.4 OK

Basement 0.004 0.008 0.4 OK

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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Storey Deflection

The maximum deflection of the stories due to the seismic load in each direction is shown in the
table below.

Table 4.6: Storey Deflection

Deflection in X
Story Load Case Load Case Deflection in Y dir
dir
mm mm

Story6 Eq X 36.2 Eq Y 38.8

Story5 Eq X 34.8 Eq Y 37.3

Story4 Eq X 30.7 Eq Y 32.8

Story3 Eq X 23.7 Eq Y 25.5

Story2 Eq X 15.1 Eq Y 16.3

Story1 Eq X 6.2 Eq Y 6.8

Ground Level Eq X 0.1 Eq Y 0.3

Base Eq X 0 Eq Y 0

4.3 Design Results:

4.3.1 Design of foundation

Design of Mat Foundation

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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Fig 4.1: Displacement of Raft - Flexible (service load)

Fig 4.2: Contact Pressure - Rigid Approximation (service load)

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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Fig 4.3: Strip Moment (ultimate load)

Fig 4.4: Beam Shear (ultimate load)

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Commercial Building for Mr. Pramod Neupane Structural Design Summary Report
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Fig 4.5: Punching Shear Ratio (ultimate load)

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DESIGN OF STAIR- CASE
(Limit State Method as per IS 456-2000)

Geometry of staircase
Riser of each step (Rise) 160.00 mm
Tread of each Step (Tread) 275.00 mm
Width of the Step (Width) 1.65 m
Length from support to the Start of the Flight Span (L1) 1.35 m
Length from End of the Flight to the support Span(L2) 1.50 m
Horizontal Length of the Flight Portion Span (L3) 1.50 m
Total length of span (L1+L2+L3) = 4.35 m

Material Properties
Grade of concrete (Fck) = 20 Mpa
Grade of steel (Fy) = 500 Mpa
Unit Weight of materials
Reinforced concrete = 25 KN/m3
Screed = 22 KN/m3
Cement plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
marble = 27 KN/m3
Load Calculation
thickness of structural waist slab = 180 mm
Thickness of screed = 0.032 m
Thickness of cement plaster = 0.0125 m
Thickness of marble = 0.02 m

Dead load of Flights(going)

Dead Load of structural staircase waist slab on
slope = 4.125 KN/m2
Factor for slope = 1.157
Dead load of structural inclined staircase slab
on plan = 4.772 KN/m2
Dead Load of screed = 0.704 KN/m2
Dead Load of cement plaster = 0.255 KN/m2
Dead Load of marble = 0.54 KN/m2
Dead load of steps = 2.000 KN/m2
Dead load of Flights(going) = 8.271 KN/m2

Dead load of Landing

Dead Load of structural landing slab = 4.125 KN/m2
Dead Load of screed = 0.704 KN/m2
Dead Load of cement plaster = 0.255 KN/m2
Dead Load of marble = 0.54 KN/m2
Dead load on landings = 5.624 KN/m2

Live load in staircase = 4 KN/m2

Detailed Design of Stairs

Loading on Spans L1 and or L3 per metre run
(Landing Portion) :
Factored Wl1 = Wl3 = 1.5(dead load +live load) = 14.44 kN/m
Loading on Span L2 per metre run (Flight
Portion)
Factored Wl2 = 1.5(dead load +live load) = 18.41 kN/m
Load here given in factored (i.e. multiplied
with 1.5)

14.44 18.41 14.44

     
         

A 1.35   1.50   1.50 B

Ra L1   L2   L3 Rb
34.48 34.27

Reactions Ra and Rb
Ra+Rb= = 68.75 KN
Taking moments of all forces about B
Ra X 4.35 = 149.98
Ra = 34.48 kN
Reaction at the support A = 34.48 kN
Rb = 34.27 kN
Maximum BM Occurs at the point 'x' where
SF is Zero or Changes its sign.
Point of Maximum Moment = 2.16 m
Max factored BM: = 39.50 kNm
8.44 12.41 8.44

     
         

A 1.35   1.50   1.50 B

Ra L1   L2   L3 Rb

21.43 21.22
12.987457
2 12.86297
End reaction for Dead Load
Reactions
Ra and Rb
Ra+Rb= 42.65 KN
Taking
moments
of all
forces
about B
Ra X 4.35 = 93.22
Ra = 21.43 kN
Reaction = 21.43 kN
at the
 support A
Rb = 21.22 kN
6.00 6.00 6.00

     
         

A 1.35   1.50   1.50 B

Ra L1   L2   L3 Rb
13.0
13.05 5
7.9090909
       
1 7.909091
    End reaction for Live    
Load
Reactions Ra and Rb
Ra+Rb= 26.10 KN
Taking moments of all forces about B
Ra X 4.35 = 56.77
Ra = 13.05 kN
Reaction at the support A = 13.05 kN
Rb = 13.05 kN

Required Effective Depth from Bending

Point of View:
Mu limit =0.1388fck bd2
d (reqd) = = 121.4887478 mm
However Provide an Effective depth of = 137 mm
Provide an overall depth of = 180 mm
Factor Mu/bd2 (R)= = 2.10 Mpa
Required percentage of steel (pt) = 0.563 %
Area of Steel Required = = 771.37 mm2/m
use 12mm dia @ = 146.6191833 mm c/c
However provided steel = 12# @ = 125 mm c/c
Ast Provided = = 904.78 mm2/m
%Ast prov = = 0.660 %
pt,lim = = 0.758 %
Provide 8 mm minimum distribution
steel @ 0.12% of gross area = = 150 mm2/m
required area of 8# @ = 335.1 mm c/c
provide 8#@ = 300 mm c/c
check for serviciebility requirement    
The effective depth provided (deff)   = 137 mm
basic L/d ratio=   = 32
actual (L/d)=   = 31.75
modification factor required   = 0.992
steel stress at service load (fs) = 247.24
% of reinforcement (pt) required = 0.660 %
modification factor = 1.10
SAFE in
permissible (L/d)= = 35.22 Deflection
dmin (mm) = 123.5 SAFE
4.3.3 Design of Slab

Slab Geometry
Lx Ly Ly/Lx Result  
m m        
<2, Hence two way
3.606707 5.920732 1.642 slab  

Grade of concrete, steel, & overall depth of slab

fy fck b D
N/mm2 N/mm2 mm mm
500 20 1000 175

Lx-shorter span
Cg of bot
Cc bot bar d bot Cc top Cg of top bar d top
mm mm mm mm mm mm
15 5 155 15 5 155

Ly-longer span
Cg of bot
Cc bot bar d bot Cc top Cg of top bar d top
mm mm mm mm mm mm
15 15 145 15 15 145

Load calculation of the slab

Total Partial
Dead Floor Live Misc. safety Design
unfactored
Load of finish of load of load on load of
load of the factor
the slab the slab the slab the slab the slab
slab f
DL FF LL ML TL Table 18 w
IS 456-
2 2 2 2 2
kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m 2000 kN/m2
4.375 1.75 5 1.5 12.625 1.5 18.9375
Moment & Shear calculation
Moment calculation for '1m' strip of the slab spanning
Lx
w Lx w Lx2 - Mux cont. edge 'kNm' + Mux mid-span 'kNm' Vu 'kN' Table 13 IS 456
+ x w Coef-
kN/m 2
- x w Lx 2
C w Lx
m kNm - x + x Lx2 shear
3.60670
18.9375 7 246.35 0.079 19.46 0.060 14.78 0.500 34.15

Calculation of Ast req for slab spanning Lx

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl G-1.1b & G-1.1c
Ast pt + Mux pt
- Mux cont. req.cont. req.cont. span Ast span req.span  
2
kNm mm % kNm mm 2
%
19.4612
9 303.65 0.20 14.78 227.69 0.15
Reinforcement details provided at support and span of slab spanning Lx
Reinf. details at support   Reinf. details at span  
dia dia
prov. spacing Ast cont. pt cont. Result prov. spacing Ast span pt span Result
2 2
mm mm mm %   mm mm mm %  
10 150 10 150
523.60 0.34 okay 523.60 0.34 okay
0 150 0 150

Moment calculation for '1m' strip of the slab spanning

Ly
w Lx w Lx2 - Muycont. edge 'kNm' + Muy mid-span 'kNm'  
+ y w
kN/m2 - y w Lx2
m kNm - y + y L x2
18.937
5 3.606707 246.35 0.047 11.58 0.035 8.62

Calculation of Ast req for slab spanning Ly

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl G-1.1b & G-1.1c
pt pt
- Muy cont. Ast min req.cont. + Muy span Ast min req.span  
kNm mm2 % kNm mm 2
%
11.58 210.00 0.14 8.62 210.00 0.14

Reinforcement details provided at support and span of slab spanning Ly

Reinf. details at support   Reinf. details at span  
dia dia
prov. spacing Ast cont. pt cont. Result prov. spacing Ast span pt span Result
2 2
mm mm mm %   mm mm mm %  
10 150 10 150
523.60 0.36 okay 523.60 0.36 okay
0 150 0 150

Check for shear in solid slabs for limit state design method
Ref IS 456-2000 Cl 40.1, Cl 40.2.3, Table 19, Table 20 & Cl 40.2.1.1

fck Vu b D clear cg d
of slab cover of bar
N/mm2 kN mm mm mm mm mm
20 34.15101 1000 175 15 5 155

pt v kc c max
Cl Result
  Cl 40.1 40.2.1.1 Table 20
% N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 tau_v < k tau_c, Ok
0.34 0.22 0.51 2.8 tau_v <1/2 tau_c max,Ok

Check for span to depth ratio

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl 23.2.1
Type of fy span d pt req. pt prov. pc MFt MFc
slab N/mm2 mm mm % % %    
Cont.sla
b 500 3606.707 155 0.15 0.34 0.12 2.972 1.036
 l/d l/d Result
prov Cl 23.2.1 Cl 23.2.1
23.27 80.05 Okay
4.3.4 Design of Beam and Column

ETABS is used to design the beam and column. The result from the program is as shown below.

Fig 4.7: Design output of ETABS (Frame B)

Design of column (Frame B3, storey 1)

ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
1F C8 column 600 600 UDCon9 0 3600 0.416

Section Properties
 b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
600 600 52 22

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
2498.1711 548.6765 65.2023 65.2023 65.2023 4209 1.17

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.85771 3050 7.5329 0 65.2023
Minor Bend(M2) 0.85771 3050 267.5637 0 65.2023

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 13.9457 263.7846 131.5205 260.7192 665.06
Minor, Vu3 295.2569 263.7846 131.5205 295.2569 665.06

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
3600 42.1 5628.5624 1993.0427 2498.1711 0.861057

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.847 600 4.36 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.847 600 4.36 12 No 0
Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed

Design of beam at grid B2-3

ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
1F B35 main beam UDCon10 300 6710 0.936

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
350 550 350 0 25 25

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-485.9444 0.6043 275.7969 0.2186

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

 Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-485.9444 0.914 0 -486.8584

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, M u3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -486.8584 2502 0 2502 625
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 1251 0 783 1251

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
321.8273 131.9208 195.7556 164.5831 1033.25

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
0.6043 275.7969 320 520 773.99

Design of basement
retaining wall
[Assuming cantilever
retaining wall]
Materials and their
properties
unit weight wt. of
backfill soil 𝛾𝑠 8 KN/m3
unit weight wt. of water γw 10 KN/m3
surcharge pressure
considered, if any s 5 KN/m2
angle of internal
friction ∅ 33 degree
grade of concrete fck 25 N/mm2
grade of rebar fy 500 N/mm2
height of basement
retaining wall H 3 m
[this height is considered effective in
retaining soil]
Coeifficient of active unitle
earth pressure ka 0.295 ss

Forces and Pressures

The horizontal earth
pressure at the base ; Wr 7.075 KN/m2
Total earth pressure per
unit meter; Pr 10.613 KN/m
Point of application
from base of wall hr 1.000 m
Assuming full height of soil being saturated, the
whole height of the basement wall is subjected to
water pressure;
The horizontal water
pressure at the base ; Ww 30 KN/m2
Toral water pressure at
unit meter; Pw 45 KN/m
Point of application
from base of wall hw 1.000 m

An additional pressure must be added to

allow for a surcharge
Surcharge pressure Ws 5.000 KN/m2
Total Surcharge pressure
per unit meter; Ps 5.000 KN/m
Point of application
from base of wall hw 1.5 m

Moment and Shear

Taking moment
about A ; we
get:
Pa∗H ' Pw∗H
M= +¿ + Ps∗H /¿ ¿
3 3
Moment at Base 2Base
Unfactored Moment M 63.11 KNm
Factored Moment Mu 94.670 KNm
Shear at Base
Unfactored shear V 60.613 KN
Factored shear Vu 90.920 KN

Thickness of the wall

based on moment:
The effective thickness of wall may be determined by
considering singly reinforced balanced section;
Maximum bending moment
per meter width Mu 94.67 KNm
k fck b
Equating Mu,lim to Mu; d^2 94.67 KNm
Depth factor for Fe500 k 0.133
Effective depth
calculated d 168.74 mm
Provided diameter of
rebar φ 16 mm
Provided clear cover to
rebar cc 20 mm
Overall depth calculated D 196.74 mm
Overall depth provided D,prov 200 mm
Effective depth provided d,prov 172 mm
Reinforcement
Mu/bd2 = R 3.200 kN/m
Percentage of steel
required pt 0.897 %
Limiting percentage of
steel, for Fe500 pt,lim 0.9475 %
Ast 1542.6
Area of steel required 5 mm2
Diameter of rebar
provided φ 16 mm
Spacing of rebar
required s 130.33 mm c/c
Provided spacing of
rebar s,prov 125 mm c/c
Actual area of steel 1608.4
provided Ast,prov 5 mm2
percentage of steel
provided pt,prov 0.935 %
Distribution steel =
0.12% of bd
Area of
distribution
steel = Ast2 206.4 mm2
Diameter of distribution
rebar provided φ2 12 mm
Spacing of distribution
rebar required s2 547.94 mm c/c
Provided spacing of
distribution rebar s2,prov 200 mm c/c

Check for shear

Nominal shesr stress Tv 0.529 N/mm2
Permissible shear
stress; Tuc 0.918 N/mm2
Percentage of steel pt 0.897 %
Depth factor B 3.236
Actual depth factor ,actual 1.000
SAFE
For compression side
Provide minimum
reinforcement p,min 0.12 %
Area of
distribution
steel = Ast2 206.4 mm2
Diameter of distribution
rebar provided φ2 12 mm
Spacing of distribution
rebar required s2 547.94 mm c/c
Provided spacing of
distribution rebar s2,prov 200 mm c/c