FACULTY OF BUSINESS SOCIETY (BA119-3A)

QMT 181
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

PROJECT TITLE
STUDENT’S PREFERENCE TOWARDS FAST FOOD

SUPERVISOR
MADAM ASZILA ASMAT

GROUP MEMBERS

NABILA FARHANA BINTI KAMARUL ZAMAN 2019413764

AFIQAH HAZIRAH BINTI AZMI HISHAM 2019248126

AIN FARISHA BINTI ABD RAHMAN 2019278986

SITI NUR SHAFIQAH BINTI MD SAAD 2019441442

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO. TOPIC PAGE

1.1 Introduction : Background of study 1-3

1.2 Research Objectives 4

2.0 Methodology

2.1 Population 5
2.2 Sample 5
2.3 Sampling technique 5
2.4 Method of data collection 5-6
2.5 Data Analysis 7-8

3.0 Findings

3.1 Gender 9
3.2 Group 9-10
3.3 Interest of fast food among UiTM Raub students 10
3.4 Types of fast food that students prefer the most 11
3.5 Frequency of students eating fast food in a week 12-15
3.6 Amount of money students spend on fast food 16-20
3.7 Sources students know about fast food promotion 21

4.0 Conclusion 22

5.0 Reference 23
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study

In this study, we have decided to make a study of UiTM Raub student’s preference towards

fast food. The purpose of this study is to determine what the attributes that influence

students in selection of a fast food. For the purpose of this research, “ fast food “ is a food

that can be prepare and served quickly which can safe our times. Fast food operations are

normally feature a various type of menu with a lower price and fast service.

Besides, fast food restaurant are the organization which has many branches in each

state. Fast food outlet are typically located in urban areas with high visibility where many

potential customers will pass by every day. For example, McDonald’s ( MCD ) and Kentucky

Fried Chicken ( KFC ) is the most popular fast food in Malaysia and one of the best known

branch names. Thus, it is very easy to find fast food restaurant anywhere. Fast food

restaurant also provide services such as take-away, drive-thru, and delivery. It is very

suitable for anyone who wants to pack their foods instead of eating at the restaurant.

Moreover, most of fast food restaurants have their own applications where customers

can order through the online. The advantage of the fast food restaurant apps is that

customers will easily know about every promotion run by the restaurant also they will be

easier to attract customers. Another method of ordering fast food is through food delivery

applications such as Grab Food and Food Panda which has been known by everyone.

Customers can simply order food from their selected restaurant in the comfort and

convenience of their own home. It shows that food ordering and delivering apps have

shaped the new evolution that changed the perspective of restaurants. Therefore, consumer

will be more interested and easier for them to place an order.

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 Other than that, fast food does not only required to prepare and serve quickly but it

also satisfy the customers in terms of their taste and preference. This is because, each fast

food has its own taste and strategy of presenting their food. Furthermore, customers also

easily attracted with new products that is added to the menu. Therefore, there are variety of

options that consumer can choose. Besides, fast food is not only chosen by consumer as a

snack but there are also fast food restaurants that offer meals for breakfast. Thus, the variety

of menus provided by each of these fast food restaurants is often the choice of customers.

Fast food advertising strategies are also an attraction for customers to try fast food.

This is because, fast food advertisements nowadays can be seen everywhere including

social media, television, radio, newspapers and billboards. Not only that, fast food

restaurants that operates for 24 hours is also favoured by customers. Therefore, no wonder

fast food is the choice of many people, especially among students.

The reason we choose this topic is because fast food have become popular especially

among teenagers. This is because, the majority customer group of fast food are usually a

students. They would be the most suitable group to survey because they could provide

personal comments on their experience enjoying the fast food. This study also intends to

identify the reasons which determine students to choose fast food as their favourite food as

well as to identify the habits of consuming fast food among students.

Besides, we want to identify the amount of money that students spend on fast food

since we believe that fast food are popular among students because it is inexpensive and

easy to purchase. It is because, fast food price is cheaper and allowing students to afford the

foods compared to others food that will be purchased at a grocery store. Fast food ads will

also affect teens by allowing them about the ease of ordering foods and having it delivered

by online food delivery such as Grab Food and Food Panda. Therefore, students who can't

drive are still can access to purchase an order through online anytime they want to.

2
 Moreover, fast food has become student’s choice because students who have classes

all day and have a limited lunch hour during this time, they will prefer to order their meals via

delivery back to their home so that they do not have to prepare a meal. This is also allowed

students to eat and study at the same time. Therefore, it will save their time rather than

going out looking for a meal and prepare itself. Besides, in their free time, most students go

to fast food restaurants because it will give them a break from classes and studying as well

as spending time with their friends.

Next, students are also easily attracted to the variety of fast food. It is because, each

fast food restaurants provided various type of meals that can be chosen. A new products

added to the menu are also the reason that will attract students to try the fast food. It is

because, teenagers are easily affected to try something new. Not only that, different deals

offered from fast food industry to its customers will entices students because the price

offered will definitely cheaper and worth it for them. Thus, we can identify types of fast food

that students preferred the most.

In conclusion, we can conclude that student’s preference towards fast food are

depending on their own perceptions. However, there are many reasons that will be the

causes of students interested on fast food. Therefore, this study will help us to analyse in

details every objectives that we want to achieved.

3
1.2 Research Objectives

The objective of this study includes:

i) To study the interest of fast food among UiTM Raub students.

ii) To determine type of fast food that students prefer the most

iii) To determine the frequency of students eating fast food in a week.

iv) To determine the amount of money students spend on fast food.

v) To determine the sources of information about fast food promotion.

4
CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

2.1 Population

All 348 students BA119 part 3 in UiTM Raub will be included in the study.

2.2 Sample

30 students BA119 part 3 in UiTM Raub will be selected as respondent in this study.

2.3 Sampling technique

In this study, we have chosen non probability sampling technique which is convenience

sampling technique. Convenience sampling technique is a sample that is selected in a way

that every individuals in the population has an equal chance to be selected. There is no

inclusion criteria to select the respondent if they are at the right place and the right moment

where the researcher doing their study. There are 348 students in Banking Studies

Programme ( BA119 ) part 3 in UiTM Raub. Therefore, we have decide to select 30 students

as a sample for this study.

2.4 Method of data Collection

Methods that we use in this study is questionnaire. Questionnaire is a written instrument that

consists of questions with the aim of collecting information related to the objectives of the

study. It is an appropriate method for us to collect the data from the selected sample

because it is more easier to analyze. Moreover, some of the advantages in this method is

our respondents will have enough time to complete the questionnaire compared to direct

interview. It is because, some of the information may be sensitive to the respondents which

would be embarrassing to obtain in face to face interview. Besides, this method also requires

lower costs and can be managed anywhere. There are total 5 questions included in the

questionnaire. The questions are as follows :

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1)     Do you like fast food ?

 Yes 
 No

2)     Which one is your favourite fast food ?

 Mcd
 Kfc
 Pizza Hut
 Others

3)     How often do you eat fast food in a week ?

 1 time 
 2 times
 3 times
 4 times
 5 times
 6 times
 7 times

4)     How much money do you usually spend on fast food in a day ?

 Less than RM10

 RM10 - RM20
 RM20 - RM30
 RM30 - RM40
 RM40 – RM50

5)     Where did you know about their promotion ?

 Social media
 Television
 Newspaper
 Others

6
2.5 Data Analysis

No Objective Question Data Analysis

1 To study the interest of fast Do you like fast food ?  

food among Uitm Raub
 Yes Pie chart 
students. 
 No

2 To determine type of fast Which one is your  

food that students prefer favourite fast food ?
Bar chart 
the most.
 Mcd
 Kfc
 Pizza Hut
 Others

3 To determine the How often did you eat  Measures of central

frequency of students fast food in a week ? tendency (mean,
eating fast food in a week. median, mode)
 1 time
 Measures of position
 2 times
 Measures of dispersion
 3 times
 Measure of skewness
 4 times
 5 times
 6 times
 7 times

7
  Measures of central
4 To determine the How much money do you
tendency ( mean,
amount of money usually spend on fast food in
median, mode )
students spend on fast a day ?
 Measures of position
food.
 Measure of
  Less than RM10
 RM10 - RM20 dispersion
  Measure of
  RM20 - RM30
 RM30 - RM40 skewness

 RM40 – RM50

5 To determine the Where did you know about  

sources of information their promotion ?
about fast food Bar chart
promotion.  Social Media
 Television
  Newspaper
  Others

3.0 FINDINGS
3.1 Gender

Figure 1 : Number of students according to their gender

37%

63%

Male Female

Based on the pie chart above, it shows the number of students according to their gender
who is selected as our respondents. The majority of students that fills our survey on fast food
preference were female students which is 63%. However, the rest of the respondents were
from 37% of male students. It indicates that female students were more interested towards
fast food than male students.

3.2 Group

Figure 2 : Number of students according to their group

3%
7%
7% 23%

10%

10%
7%
7%
17%
10%

BA119 3A BA119 3B BA119 3C BA119 3D BA119 3E BA119 3F

BA119 3G BA119 3H BA119 3I BA119 3J

This graph shows the number of students according to their group in Faculty of Business
Society part 3. From the pie chart above, it is clear that the majority of students that is prefer
fast food were from BA1193A students with 23% of respondents. However, the second
highest respondents were from BA1193E students with 16%. Next, the third highest
respondents with

9
10% of students were from BA1193B, BA1193D and BA1193G. Besides, there are also 7%
of respondents from each of four classes which are BA1193C, BA1193F, BA1193H and
BA11933I. Lastly, the lowest respondents come from students BA1193J with only 3% of
respondents. This amount of respondents from different classes shows a clear variation of
student’s preference towards fast food.

3.3 Interest of fast food among UiTM Raub students part 3

Figure 3: Do you like fast food ?

8.2

Yes No

The evidence from the pie chart above shows that most of students part 3 in UiTM Raub
were interested with fast food. All 30 respondents has answered that they liked fast food and
none of them answered no. This results shows that fast food have become popular
especially among teenagers.

10
3.4 Types of fast food that students prefer the most

Figure 4 : Types of fast food that students prefer the most

18

16
Nu m b er o f stu d en ts

14

12

10
Column1
8

0
MCD KFC PIZZA HUT OTHERS

Types of fast food

The bar chart above shows the results of a survey in which types of fast food that students
prefer the most. There are three types of famous fast food that they will choose which is
MCD, KFC and Pizza Hut. However, there are also others fast food that students can
choose if their favourite fast food was none of the three.

It can be seen that the majority of students has prefer MCD as their favourite fast food with
the highest response from 18 students. The second highest fast food that students prefer
was KFC which there were 10 students who choose it as their favourite food. However,
there’s only a few students who loved Pizza Hut which is 3 students. Neverthless, there was
no respondent that choose others fast food than the three types that has mentioned above.
In conclusion, we can see that most of students part 3 in UiTM Raub were interested with
MCD as their choice of fast food.

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3.5 The frequency of students eating fast food in a week

I. Measures of central tendency

Number of eating fast food 1 2 3 4

in a week (times)
Number of students 19 7 3 1

∑f ( x)
a) Mean x̅ =
n
1(19)+2(7)+3 (3)+ 4 (1)
=
(19+7+3+1)
= 1.53 ~ 2 times

 The average number of students eating fast food in a week is 2 times.

b) Median = ~
x
Number of eating fast food 1 2 3 4
in a week (times)
Number of students 19 7 3 1
Cumulative frequency (CF) 19(1-19) 26(20-26) 29(21-29) 30(30)

Position of median:
n+1
=
2
30+1
=
2
= 15.5

X̃ = 1

 50% of students eating fast food less than 1 times in a week and another 50% of
students eating fast food more than 1 times in a week.

c) Mode = X̂

The highest frequency (number of students) is 19

X̂= 1

 Most of the students eating fast food 1 times in a week.

 12
II. Measures of position

Number of eating fast food 1 2 3 4

in a week (times)
Number of students 19 7 3 1
Cumulative frequency (CF) 19(1-19) 26(20-26) 29(21-29) 30(30)

The position of the lower and upper quartile :

 Position of lower quartile, Q1

n+1
Q1 =
4
30+1
=
4
= 7.75
Lower quartile, Q1 = 1
 25% of students eating fast food less than 1 times in a week and another 75% of
students eating fast food more than 1 times in a week.

 Position of upper quartile,Q3

3(n+1)
Q3 =
4
3(30+1)
=
4
= 23.25
Upper quartile, Q2 = 2
 75% of students eating fast food less than 2 times in a week and another 25% of
students eating fast food more than 2 times in a week.
 13
III. Measures of dispersion

Number of eating fast food 1 2 3 4

in a week (times)
Number of students 19 7 3 1

a) Range = Largest value – Smallest value

=4–1
=3

 The difference between the largest and smallest number of eating fast food in a week
among students is 3 times.

b) Inter-Quartile Range (IQR)

IQR = Q3 – Q1

Q1 = 7.75 ( 1)
Q3 = 23.25 ( 2 )
IQR = 23.25 – 7.75
= 15.5

 The difference between the third quartile and first quartile number of students eating
fast food in a week is 15.5

c) Quartile Deviation (QD)

Q3−Q1
QD =
2

23.25−7.75
QD =
2
= 7.75

d) Standard Deviation, s

s=
√ 1
n−1 [ ∑ f x 2−
( ∑ fx ) ²
n ]
( 46 )2
=
√ 1
30−1
90− [30 ]
= 0.8193
 e) Variance, s²
s² = ( 0.8193) ² = 0.6713

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IV. Measures of skewness

x́ ~
x ^x

2 1 1

a) Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness (PCS)

mean−mode x̅ − X̂
PCS = =
standard deviation s

= 2–1
0.8193

= 1.2206

 The value of mode is less than the value of mean, so the distribution skewed to the
right, positively skew.
 15
3.6 Amount of money students spend on fast food in a day

Number of money Number of Class boundary Mid point Cumulative

spend (RM) students frequency
Less than RM10 2 0.5 – 9.5 5.5 2 (1- 2)
RM10 – RM20 14 9.5 – 20.5 15.5 16 (3 -16)
RM20 – RM30 7 19.5 – 30.5 25.5 23 (17 - 23)
RM30 – RM40 3 29.5 – 40.5 35.5 26 (24 - 26)
RM40 – RM50 4 39.5 – 50.5 45.5 30 ( 27 -30)

I. Measures of central tendency

Σ in=1f ⅈxⅈ
a) Mean x́ =
n

= 2(5.5) + 14(15.5) + 7(25.5) + 3(35.5) + 4(45.5)

2+14+7+3+4

= RM 23.17

 The average money spend on fast food by the 30 students in a day is RM 23.17

b) Median ~
x = n = 30 = 15
2 2

~
x=Lm
( ∑2f −∑ f −1)
+ m

fm

= 10 + ( 15 – 2 ) 10
14

= RM 19.29

 50% of the students spend less than RM19.29 on fast food in a day and another 50%
of students spend more than RM19.29 on fast food in a day.
 Δ1
c) Mode = ^x =Lm + 0 ( Δ1 + Δ 2
C )
= 10 + ( 12 ) 10
12 + 7

= RM 16.32

 Most of students spend RM16.32 on fast food in a day.

16

II. Measures of position

Number of money spend (RM) Number of Cumulative frequency

students
Less than RM10 2 2 (1- 2)
RM10 – RM20 14 16 (3 -16)
RM20 – RM30 7 23 (17 - 23)
RM30 – RM40 3 26 (24 - 26)
RM40 – RM50 4 30 ( 27 -30)

The position of the lower and upper quartile :

 Position of lower quartile, Q1

Q1 = n = 30 = 7.5
4 4

Σf
Q1 =
LQ +1
4
(
−∑ f Q −1
f Q1
C
1

)
= 10 + ( 7.5 - 2 ) 10
14

= RM 13.9286

 25% of students spend less than RM13.9286 on fast food in a day and another 75%
of students spend more than RM13.9286 on fast food in a day.

 Position of upper quartile, Q3

Q3 = 3n = 3(30) = 22.5
 4 4

3 ∑f
Q3 =
LQ + 3
4
(−∑ f Q3−1

f Q3
C )
= 20 + ( 22.5 - 16 ) 10
7
= RM 29.2857
 75% of students spend less than RM 29.2857 on fast food in a day and another 25%
of students spend more than RM 29.2857 on fast food in a day.

17
III. Measures of dispersion

Number of money spend Number of Class boundary Cumulative

(RM) students frequency
Less than RM10 2 0.5 – 9.5 2 (1- 2)
RM10 – RM20 14 9.5 – 20.5 16 (3 -16)
RM20 – RM30 7 19.5 – 30.5 23 (17 - 23)
RM30 – RM40 3 29.5 – 40.5 26 (24 - 26)
RM40 – RM50 4 39.5 – 50.5 30 ( 27 -30)

a) Range = Last upper class boundary – First upper class boundary

= 50.5 – 0.5

= 50

b) Inter- Quartile Range (IQR)

IQR = Q3 – Q1

 Position Q3 = 3n = 3(30) = 22.5

4 4

3∑f
Q3 =
LQ +
4
3 (
−∑ f Q3−1

f Q3
C )
= 20 + ( 22.5 - 16 ) 10 = 29.2857
7
  Position Q1 = n = 30 = 7.5
4 4

Σf
Q1 =
LQ +
4
f Q1
1 (
−∑ f Q −1
C
1

)
= 10 + ( 7.5 – 2 ) 10 = 13.9286
14
IQR = Q3 – Q1
= 29.2857– 13.9286
= RM 15.3571
18
c) Quartile deviation (QD)

Q3−Q1
QD =
2

= 29.2857– 13.9286
2
= RM 7.6786

d) Standard Deviation, s

2
S=
√ 1
n−1 [
∑ f x 2−
( ∑ fx )
n ]
2
¿
√ [
1
30−1
20037 ⋅5−
695
30 ( )]
= RM 11.6511

e) Variance, s²
s² = (11.6511) ²
= RM 135.7481
 19
IV. Measures of skewness

x́ ~
x ^x
23.17 19.29 16.72

a) Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness (PCS)

mean−mode x̅ − X̂
PCS = =
standard deviation s

= 23.17 – 16.32
11.6511

= RM 0.5879
 The value of mode is less than the value of mean, so the distribution skewed to the
right, positively skew.
 20
3.7 Sources students know about fast food promotion

Figure 5 : Sources students know about fast food promotion

18
16
Number of students

14
12
10
8 Column1
6
4
2
0
Social media Television Newspaper Others
Sources of fast food promotion

This graph shows the findings of a survey in which 30 students part 3 in UiTM Raub were
chosen to answer the question related to the sources of fast food promotion.

From the bar chart above, it shows that the majority of students get to know about the
promotion of fast food through social media with the highest response from 16 students. The
second highest sources that students aware of fast food promotion were via television with 9
students that choose it. Nevertheless, there’s only 1 student that knows about the promotion
through newspaper and the other are 3 students knows from other sources.

In conclusion, most of the students were aware of the promotion via social media. It is
because, smartphones are the easiest and fastest ways that can be used to access all the
information especially in getting to know about fast food promotions.
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4.0 Conclusion

In conclusion, we can conclude that students part 3 in UiTM Raub loves to eat fast food such

as McDonald, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut. However, most of the students prefer

McDonald as their choice of fast food rather than other suggested fast-food restaurants. It is

because, from the result that we had received, McDonald is one of the most popular fast-

food restaurant that is easy to find and has a competitive prices.

Next, from our results of the frequency students eating fast food in a week has shows

that 50% of the students eat fast food less than 1 time, and another 50% of students eat fast

food more than 1 time a week. This is because students lack time to prepare their own food

and are unable to do so.This is the primary reason why college students at universities take

fast food as a side dish.

In addition, the average money spend on fast food by the 30 students in a day is RM

23.17. However, 50% of the students spend less than RM19.29 and another 50% of

students spend more than RM19.29 on fast food in a day. Furthermore, most of the students

spend RM16.32 on fast food in a day. It is because, the price of fast food is cheaper and

allowing students to afford the foods. Moreover, most of the students also aware with the

promotion of fast food through the social media. It is because, social media is one of the
popular platform that people use to know about every information. Besides, fast food

promotion and advertising strategies are also an attraction for customers to try the fast food.

22
5.0 Reference

Brindal, E. (2010): Exploring fast food consumption behaviours and social influence, PhD
Thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide South
Australia, NOBLE Research Group; CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia.

Zanovec, C. H. (2010). Fast‐food consumption among college students and their attitudes
toward healthier fast‐food options. The FASEB Journal.

Ali, K., Erdener, K. and Orsay, K. (1996). “ Positioning of fast-food outlets in two regions of
North America: A comparative study using correspondence analysis.” Journal of
Professional Services Marketing; New York.

UKEssays. (November 2018). Factors of increasing fast food consumption amongst

youngsters. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/factors-of-
increasing-fast-food-consumption-amongst-youngsters-marketing-essay.php?vref=1

UKEssays. (November 2018). Influence of Promotional Activities on Fast Food Buying.

Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/influence-of-promotional-
activities-marketing-essay.php?vref=1
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