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Excercise Ch1 Matrix

The document contains exercises on matrix operations including: 1) Computing products of matrices and determining if they are defined 2) Computing various matrix expressions 3) Calculating determinants of matrices with different element values 4) Proving properties and equalities about determinants 5) Finding inverses and ranks of matrices 6) Solving systems of equations using matrices 7) Identifying properties that matrices must satisfy The exercises cover basic to advanced topics on matrices and determinants.

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Ducnghia Dao
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9K views7 pages

Excercise Ch1 Matrix

The document contains exercises on matrix operations including: 1) Computing products of matrices and determining if they are defined 2) Computing various matrix expressions 3) Calculating determinants of matrices with different element values 4) Proving properties and equalities about determinants 5) Finding inverses and ranks of matrices 6) Solving systems of equations using matrices 7) Identifying properties that matrices must satisfy The exercises cover basic to advanced topics on matrices and determinants.

Uploaded by

Ducnghia Dao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Excersise Chapter 2.

Matrix
2.1. 1) Compute AB; BA (if it is defined):

0 − 1
1 2 3 2 3 
a) A =  ; B =  
0 − 4 2  4 1 

 −1 0 2  1 0 −2 2 
b) A =  1 2 −1 ; B =  2 1 2 −1
   
 0 −1 1   3 −2 1 0 

2) Compute
100
n n a 1 0 
cos x − sin x   4 1
a)   b)   c)  0 a 1 
 sin x cos x   0 3  
 0 0 a 

2.2. Find all matrices B that are commutative with matrix A for multiplication, i.e. AB =
BA, given:

1 2  1 −1
a) A =   b) A =  
3 4  1 1 

2.3. Calculate the following determinants:

4 −2 3
5 −7 −9 6
a) [ −2010] b) c) d) 1 3 −5
8 −12 1 3
2 −8 13

−1 0 5 2 0 −3 4 2 −3 5 −3 2
e) 3 2 −4 f) −2 3 1 g) 1 −1 3 h) 2 −1 1
−2 4 1 3 9 5 2 3 −1 3 2 1

2.4. Calculate the following determinants:

−1 0 3 −2 1 0 −3 2
2 1 4 −3 −2 2 3 −1
a) b)
3 2 −3 −1 3 4 −5 1
4 3 4 −6 2 6 −5 4

1
2 −1 3 −4 0 −1 0 −2 −3 1
1 2 3 5 4 2 1 3 0 −1
c) −3 1 2 0 −2 d) −3 −2 1 −1 2
4 −3 0 −1 3 −2 4 3 −1 1
4 −1 8 0 5 −4 3 5 −5 2

2 8 9
2.5. Prove that the following determinant is divisible by 17: 1 8 7.
1 7 0

2 9 0
2.6. Prove that the following determinant is divisible by 29: 1 4 5
4 3 5

2.7. Prove the following equality:

a b ax + by + c a b c 1 a bc
a) a1 b1 a1x + b1y + c1 = a1 b1 c1 b) 1 b ca = (b − a )(c − a )(c − b )
a 2 b2 a 2x + b2y + c2 a 2 b2 c2 1 c ab

1 1 1 1 a bc 1 a a2
c) a b c = (a + b + c )(b − a )(c − a )(c − b ) d) 1 b ca = 1 b b 2
a 3 b3 c3 1 c ab 1 c c2

2.8. In determinants of order n, determine the sign of the following factors

a) Product of the elements of the main diagonal

b) Product of the elements of the minor diagonal

2.9. How will the determinant of order n change if:

a) Change the sign of all its elements

b) Write the columns in reverse order

2.10. Find the maximum value of the determinant of order 3 taking only the elements

a) 0 and 1 b) 1 and -1

2.11. Solve the following equation:

2
−3x 2 −x 2x 2
1 −2 3 −4
=0
−3 2 −1 2
9 2 3 18

2.12. Find the inverse of the following matrices:

 −1 0 2 
1 2  a b 
a)   b)   c)  3 1 3 
3 4  c d   
 2 3 1 

 2 −1 3 0  1 0 −1 3
 2 −1 3   −4 2 −2 3  0 2 4 −6 
d)  −3 2 −1 e)   f) 
 1 3 1 −2  0 0 −2 3 
 1 0 5     
 −1 4 2 1  0 0 0 −1

2.13. Solve the following equation A × X = B, given:

 −2 3  5 6  5 −4   1 2
a) A =  ;B= 7 8  b) A =  ;B=  −2 3 
 −3 4     4 −3   

1 1 ... 1 1 1 2 ... n − 1 n 
0 1 ... 1 1 0 1 ... n − 2 n − 1
 1 −3  4 3   
c) A =   ; B = 1 2  d) A = . . ... . .  ; B =  . . ... . . 
 −3 9       
0 0 ... 1 1 0 0 ... 1 2 
 0 0 ... 0 1 0 0 ... 0 1 

2.14. Let A be a matrix satisfying the condition: A2 − 2010A + E = 0 . Find the inverse of
matrix A.

2.15. Find the rank of the following matrices:

 2 −1 3  1 2 3
−1  −1 −2 3 0 
 0 3 −1 2 0 −1 4   2 1 −2 −1
A=  ; B=  ; C=   ;
 −2 4 2  1 2 −2 3   3 3 −5 −1
     
2 5 7 2 1 4 0  4 2 −4 −2 

 2 −1 3 1 
1 2 −2 3   1 2 3 −4 
 −1 2 −3 0 4   −2 0 1
 
 3 −1 2 3 2  ; F =  3 
D = 3 1 1 2  ; E =  
   1 6 10 −8
 2 4 −4 4   1 3 −4 3 1   
8 6 −2 10   −2 −4 −6 7 
3
2.16. Find m so that the following matrix has the smallest term:

1 m −1 2 
 2 −1 m 5 
 
1 10 −6 1 

2.17. Let A be a square matrix of order n. Identity r( A ), given:

a) r (A) = n . b) r (A) = n − 1. c) r (A) ≤ n − 2.

a b 
2.18. a) prove that A =   satisfies: X 2 − (a + d )X + (ad − bc ) E = 0
c d 

b) Suppose A is a square matrix of order 2 and k is an integer greater than 2. Prove that:
Ak = 0 ⇔ A2 = 0.

2.19. a) Suppose Ak = 0 (k is an interger greater than 2). Prove that:


−1
( E – A) = E + A + A2 + …+ Ak −1

b) Let A be a square matrix of order n with elements on the main diagonal equal to 0,
the remaining elements equal to 1 or 2000. Prove that: r (A) ≥ n − 1

2.20. a) Let A be a square matrix of order n satisfying: A−1 = 3A . Identity det ( A2009 – A)

b) Prove that there are no square matrices A and B of order n such that AB – BA = E .

2.21. Calculate the following determinants:

1 2 3 ... n 1 a 0 ... 0
−1 0 3 ... n 1 1+a a ... 0
a) −1 −2 0 ... n b) 0 1 1 + a ... 0
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
−1 −2 −3 ... 0 0 0 0 ... 1 + a

x −y 0 ... 0 0 1 0 0 ... 0 1
0 x −y ... 0 0 1 a1 0 ... 0 0
0 0 x ... 0 0 1 1 a2 ... 0 0
c) d)
... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
0 0 0 ... x −y 1 0 0 ... an − 2 0
1 1 1 ... 1 1 1 0 0 ... 1 an −1

4
2cos φ 1 0 ... 0 0
1 2cos φ 1 ... 0 0
0 1 2 cos φ ... 0 0
e) (sin φ ≠ 0)
... ... ... ... ... ...
0 0 0 ... 2cos φ 1
0 0 0 ... 1 2cos φ

2.22. Calculate the following Vandermon determinants of order n:

1 1 1 ... 1 1
x1 x2 x3 ... x n −1 xn
x2 x 22 x 32 ... x n2−1 x n2
∆n = 1
... ... ... ... ... ...
x1n − 2 x 2n − 2 x 3n − 2 ... x nn−−12 x nn − 2
x1n −1 x 2n −1 x 3n −1 ... x nn−−11 x nn −1

INSTRUCTIONS AND ANSWERS

 0 4 −2 
16 8 
2.1. 1) a) A × B =   ; B × A =  2 −8 12 
 0 −10   
 4 4 14 

 5 −4 4 −2 
a) A × B =  2 4 1 0  ; B × A (undefined)
 
1 −3 −1 1 

cos nx − sin nx 
2) a) By Induction we have 
 sin nx cos nx 

n
 4 1  3 0  1 1   4 1  4n 4n − 3n 
b) Viết  = +   = 
 0 3   0 3   0 0   0 3 0 3n 

100
a 1 0  a 0 0   0 1 0  a 1 0  a 100 100a 99 50.99a 98 
 
c) Viết  0 a 1  =  0 a 0  +  0 0 1    0 a 1  = 0 a 100 100a 99 
 0 0 a   0 0 a   0 0 0   0 0 a   0 0 a 100 

α β 
2.2. a) B =  3  ; ∀α; β ∈ R
 β α + 3 β
2 2 

5
 α β
b) B =   ; ∀α; β ∈ R
 −β α 

2.3. a) -2010; b) – 4 c) -33 d) 0

e) 62 f) 93 g) -117 h) -4

2.4. a) 0 b) 52 c) 0 d) 189
n (n −1)
2.8. a) Dấu (+) b) Dấu (−1) 2

n (n −1)
2.9. a) Sai khác hệ số (−1) b) Sai khác hệ số (−1)
n 2

2.10. a) Giá trị lớn nhất là 2 b) Giá trị lớn nhất là 4

2.11. x = -3 và x = 1

 8 6 2
 − 22 22

22 
 −2 1   
1  d −b  3 5 9 
2.12. a)  3 1  b) c)  − −
 −  ad − bc  −c a   22 22 22 
2 2  7 3 1
 − 
 22 22 22 

 1 3 
1 0 −
2 2 
 
0 1
1 0 
d) undefined e) undefined f)  2 
 1 3
0 0 − − 
 2 2
0 0 0 −1 

1 1 ... 1 1
0 1 ... 1 1
 −1 0   −11 6  
2.13. a)   b)   c) undefined d)  . . ... . . 
 1 2  −14 7   
0 0 ... 1 1
0 0 ... 0 1

2.14. a) A−1 = 2010E − A

b) HD: Sử dụng định nghĩa của A * .

2.15. r(A) = 3; r(B) = 4; r(C) = 2; r(D) = 3; r(E) = 3; r(F) = 3

2.16. Hướng dẫn : Biến đổi đưa ma trận A về dạng bậc thang. Đáp số m = 3
6
a b 
2.17. Hướng dẫn: b) Chỉ cần xét các ma trận A =   ≠ θ và xét phần thuận :
c d 

Giả sử Ak = θ thì det(Ak) = 0  det(A) = 0.

Mặt khác, đối với ma trận vuông A cấp 2 có det(A) = 0 theo a) ta có A2 = (a + d)A

 Ak = (a + d)k – 1A = 0  a + d = 0. Suy ra A2 = 0

2.18. Hướng dẫn: a) Sử dụng Ek – Ak = E. Suy ra E – A khả nghịch và đpcm

b) Dùng tính chất hạng của ma trận.

 1 
2.19. Hướng dẫn: a) Do A-1 = 3A nên 3A2 = E. Ta có A2009 − A =  1004 − 1 A . Từ đó suy
3 
ra kết quả.
n
b) Sử dụng khái niệm vết của ma trận vuông A= [aij]n x n: Tr (A) =  aii
i =1

2.20

a) Cộng dòng 1 vào các dòng khác, đưa về định thức tam giác trên, được kết quả n!

b) Nhân dòng thứ 1 với (-1) rồi cộng vào dòng 2, nhân dòng 2 với (-1) cộng vào dòng 3,
..., nhân dòng n- 1 với (- 1) rồi cộng vào dòng thứ n, được kết quả bằng 1.

c) Khai triển định thức theo cột 1 kết hợp với khai triển định thức theo cột n được kết
x n − yn
quả (x ≠ y ) hoặc nx n −1 ( x = y )
x −y

d) Dùng phương pháp truy hồi được kết quả:


n n +1
a1a 2 ... an −1an – a1a 2 .... an − 2 + …. + ( −1) a1 + ( −1)
sin(n + 1)φ
e) Dùng phương pháp truy hồi được kết quả:
sin φ

2.21. Lần lượt từ j = n giảm xuống j = 2 lấy dòng j -1 nhân với (- x1) cộng với dòng j sau đó
khai triển định thức theo cột 1 và đưa thừa số chung ra ngoài, thu được

∆n = (x 2 − x1 )(x 3 − x1 )...(x n − x1 )∆n −1

Áp dụng quá trình trên cho ∆n −1 ta được ∆n = ∏ (x j − x i ) .


1≤i < j ≤n

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