HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
IN THE WORLD and IN THE PHILIPPINES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of this topic, the students should
be able to:
➢ trace the historical development of science and
technology in the world and in the Philippines; and
➢ discuss how scientific and technological
developments affect society.
When did science begin?
Where was it invented?
❑Science has existed since the dawn of
human existence.
❑Science per se may have started
among the pre-Socratic philosophers of
the 6th century BCE in what is now
Turkey and Greece.
What is technology?
techne + logos = technology
(art, craft) (word, speech)
A Glimpse of the History of Science and
Technology
Science and Technology in the Ancient World
Pre-historic Science
The primitive man must have:
Pre-historic Science
The primitive man must have:
Pre-historic Science
The primitive man must have:
Pre-historic Science
The primitive man must have:
STONE AGE Pre-historic cultural stage
Creation and use of stone
BRONZE AGE Development of material culture
among ancient people
Learnt to produce and utilize
bronze tools and weapons
Final technological and cultural
IRON AGE
stage
Metal replaced bronze in
implements and weapons
Ancient Times
Paleolithic Period
STONE AGE Mesolithic Period
(2.5 million years ago- 3000 BC)
Neolithic Period
Ancient Times
STONE AGE Paleolithic Period
➢ Longest phase of human history
➢ Humans were hunter-gatherers, who lived in small,
nomadic groups.
➢ Use tools made of stones, flints, bones and antlers
Ancient Times
STONE AGE
Paleolithic Period
Lower Middle Upper
Paleolithic Paleolithic Paleolithic
Period Period Period
Ancient Times
STONE AGE Paleolithic Period
Marked the age of human
evolution
Lower
Paleolithic
Period
Ancient Times
STONE AGE Paleolithic Period
Marked the age of human evolution
Development of simple tools
Lower like stone choppers
Paleolithic
Period
Oldowan Stone tool
Ancient Times
STONE AGE Paleolithic Period
Marked the age of human evolution
Development of simple tools like stone choppers
Lower
Australopithecus emerged
Paleolithic
Period Old stones made by Homo
Erectus was discovered
Ancient Times
STONE AGE
Paleolithic Period
Lower Middle Upper
Paleolithic Paleolithic Paleolithic
Period Period Period
Ancient Times
STONE AGE Paleolithic Period
Encompasses the cultural
development of Neanderthal man
Middle Cavemen, which used fire, stone
Paleolithic tools of flake types for hunting
Period and bone implements such as
needles
Evidence of painting of the dead
Ancient Times
STONE AGE
Paleolithic Period
Lower Middle Upper
Paleolithic Paleolithic Paleolithic
Period Period Period
Ancient Times
STONE AGE Paleolithic Period
Variety culture of Homo Sapiens
groups
Upper Communal hunting, extensive
Paleolithic fishing
Period
Supernatural beliefs, cloth sewing,
sculpture, painting and
ornamentals of out bones and
horns
Ancient Times
STONE AGE Mesolithic Period
➢ Gradual transition in how human lives that can be
attributed to the retreat of glaciers and growth of
forests and deserts
➢ Learn fishing along rivers and lake shores, make
pottery and use of bow.
➢ Gradual transition from food gathering to agriculture
Ancient Times
STONE AGE Neolithic Period
➢ Cultural and technological development based on
agriculture
➢ Wide domestication plants (rice, corn, beans) and
animals (goats, cattle, sheep, pigs)
➢ Use of stone tools, pottery and weaving
➢ Rise of urban civilization
Ancient Times
BRONZE AGE
➢ Tools and weapons were widely made with copper
and bronze
➢ Smelting
➢ Blended copper and tin
➢ Stronger material
➢ Use of bronze tools
Ancient Times
IRON AGE
➢ Tools and weapons were widely made with iron
➢ Smelting pits made advancement to produce higher
temperature that could smelt the iron ore.
Ancient Times
MIDDLE AGES
(450 AD-1450 AD)
From DARKNESS TO LIGHT
MIDDLE AGES, MEDIEVAL
TIMES, DARK AGES: WHAT'S
THE DIFFERENCE?
❑They are generally referring to the
same period of time.
❑There are a lot of Roman culture and
knowledge that was lost.
❑There were no central government
recording events.
MIDDLE AGES, MEDIEVAL
TIMES, DARK AGES: WHAT'S
THE DIFFERENCE?
❑Black death happened
❑Catholic church was the most powerful
institution
❑Islamic world was growing larger and
more powerful
Asian Civilization during Medieval
Period
CHINA
AGRICULTURE AND FARMING
FARMING SILK PRODUCTION
SCIENCE PHYSICS,
ASTRONOMY,
MATHEMATICS,
MEDICAL BIOLOGY
Asian Civilization during Medieval
Period
CHINA
TECHNOLOGY PAPER
SEISMOGRAPH
GUN POWDER
PRINTING PRESS
COMPASS
Asian Civilization during Medieval
Period
iNDIA
SCIENCE INFORMATION ON DRUGS
AND DISEASES
ASTRONOMY
YEARS WAS DIVIDED INTO
12 MONTHS
PRACTICED
MATHEMATICAL
EQUATIONS AND VALUES
Civilization during Medieval Period
EUROPE
ECONOMY FEUDAL SYSTEM
EDUCATION CATHEDRAL
SCHOOLS
Civilization during Medieval Period
EUROPE
TECHNOLOGY HORSE-COLLARS
CLOCK/WATCH
MAGNETIC COMPASS
WATER-MILL
WINDMILL
GUN POWDER
CANNON
RENAISSANCE ERA: WHAT'S
IN IT?
❑Great intellectual and economic change
❑Fervent period of European culture,
arts, politics and economics.
❑"rediscovery"
❑Bridge the gap between the middle ages
and modern-day civilization.
Civilization during Renaissance
Period
Maya Civilization
INFRASTRUCTURE PYRAMIDS
HOSES, POLES AND
LEAVES
LARGE SCULPTURE
SCIENCE COCOA BEANS
Civilization during Renaissance
Period
Maya Civilization
ASTRONOMY SOLAR CALENDAR
HEAVENLY BODIES
TECHNOLOGY CLOTH WEAVING
Civilization during Renaissance
Period
INCA CIVILIZATION
INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD PAVED
STONES
STONE BUILDING
ASTRONOMY DECIMAL COUNTING
CALENDAR
QUIPU
Civilization during Renaissance
Period
INCA CIVILIZATION
AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION
SYSTEM
CHILI AND
AVOCADO
LLAMA AND
ALPACA WOOLS
Civilization during Renaissance
Period
AZTEC CIVILIZATION
INFRASTRUCTURE HIGH TEMPLES
ASTRONOMY DECIMAL COUNTING
SOLAR CALENDAR
Civilization during Renaissance
Period
AZTEC CIVILIZATION
OTHERS EDUCATION
CHOCOLATES
ANTIPASMODIC
CHINAMPA
