SECTION 5

CEMENT

API CEMENTS, DESCRIPTIONS......................................................................... 1

CEMENTS AND ADDITIVES, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES .................................. 2
SALT (SODIUM CHLORIDE) ............................................................................... 4
CALCULATING SLURRY PROPERTIES ............................................................ 6
API SLURRY PROPERTIES ................................................................................ 8
CLASS G, SEA WATER....................................................................................... 9
CLASS H, SEA WATER....................................................................................... 9
BENTONITE (Gel) .............................................................................................. 10
FLY ASH............................................................................................................. 11
SODIUM METASILICATE (DRY) ....................................................................... 12
SODIUM SILICATE (LIQUID)............................................................................. 13
TRINITY LITE–WATE......................................................................................... 14
MULTIDENSE..................................................................................................... 14
LW-6 .................................................................................................................. 15
LW-7-2, LW-7-4 .................................................................................................. 15
WEIGHTED SLURRIES...................................................................................... 16
GILSONITE......................................................................................................... 16
KOL-SEAL.......................................................................................................... 17
FLOW-GUARD, FLOW-GUARD L ..................................................................... 17
“P’ TANK BULK CEMENT CAPACITIES .......................................................... 18
 API CEMENTS

CLASS A

Intended for use from surface to 6,000 feet when special properties are not
required. May be tailored with additives to meet special requirements beyond
basic performance. It is a Portland cement similar to the ordinary construction
Type I, ASTM C 150.

CLASS B

Intended for use from surface to 6,000 feet when conditions require moderate to
high sulfate-resistance. Available in both moderate (similar to ASTM C 150,
Type II) and high sulfate-resistance types.

CLASS C

Intended for use from surface to 6,000 feet when conditions required high early
strength. Available in ordinary and moderate (similar to ASTMC 150, Type III)
and high sulfate-resistance types.

CLASS G

Intended for use from surface to 8,000 feet as a basic cement, as manufactured,
or can be used with accelerators and retarders to cover a wide range of well
depths and temperatures. No additions other than calcium sulfate or water, or
both, shall be interground or blended with the clinker during manufacture of Class
G Cement. Available in moderate and high sulfate-resistance types.

CLASS H

Intended for use from surface to 8,000 feet as a basic cement, as manufactured,
or can be used with accelerators and retarders to cover a range of well depths
and temperatures. No additions other than calcium sulfate or water, or both,
shall be interground or blended with the clinker during manufacture of Class H
cement. Available only in moderate sulfate-resistance type.

5-1
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of CEMENTS and ADDITIVES

Bulk Wt Specific Absolute Volume

MATERIAL Lb/Cu Ft Gravity Gal/Lb Cu Ft/Lb
API Cements, Classes A, B, C, G, & H 94 3.14 .0382 .0051
Multidense, 1-1 84.5 2.97 .0406 .0054
Multidense, 1-2 87.7 3.03 .0398 .0053
Multidense, 2-1 81.3 2.92 .0413 .0055
Trinity Lite Wate (TLW)* Cement 75 2.78 .0432 .0058
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)(dry) 56.4 1.96 .0612 .0082
Calcium Chloride (liquid) 82.18 1.317 .0910 .0122
Potassium Chloride (KCl) (dry) 1.984 .0604 .0081
Potassium Chloride, 68o F fresh water solutions
3% 1.019 .0443 .0059
5% 1.031 .0450 .0060
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) (dry) 71.0 2.17 .0553 .0074
Attapulgite 40.0 2.89 .0415 .0053
Bentonite (gel) 60.0 2.65 .0453 .0060
Diacel D 66.7 2.1 .0572 .0076
Fly Ash 74.0 2.46 .0487 .0065
LW-6 (10% collapse @ 1500 PSI) 25 .70 .1712 .0229
LW-7-2 (10% collapse @ 2000 PSI) 15 .37 .3240 .0433
LW-7-4 (10% collapse @ 4000 PSI) 15 .38 .3155 .0422
Sodium Metasilicate (dry) 75 2.08 .0550 .0074
Sodium Silicate (liquid) 87.6 1.4 .0856 .0114
Cellophane Flake 15 1.42 .0844 .0113
Flex Seal 50 1.15 .1043 .0139
Gilsonite 50 1.07 .1122 .0150
Gypsum 75.0 2.7 .0444 .0059
Kol-Seal 50 1.30 .0925 .0124
Nut Plug 48 1.28 .0938 .0125
Perlite 8
0 PSI .53 .2274 .0304
1,000 PSI .81 .1474 .0197
3,000 PSI .94 .1279 .0171
Sure Seal 35-40 1.22 .0983 .0131
FP-6L 61.65 .988 .1213 .0162
FP-11 65.79 2.60 .0461 .0062
FP-12L 60.52 .97 .1237 .0165
CD-31 41.6 1.35 .0284 .0038
CD-31L 73.0 1.17 .0889 .0118
CD-32 35.0 1.25 .0959 .0128
CD-32L 72.37 1.16 .1034 .0138
Hematite 193 5.02 .0239 .0032
Manganese Oxide 62 4.80 .0250 .033
Silica Flour 70 2.63 .0456 .0061
Silica Sand, 100 Mesh 100 2.63 .0456 .0061
Sand 100 2.63 .0456 .0061
Water (Fresh) 62.4 1.00 .1199 .0160
Water (Sea) 63.96 1.025 .1169 .0153
*This manufactured light weight cement is manufactured by Texas Industries and marketed
by Trinity as TLW.

5-2
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of CEMENTS and ADDITIVES

Bulk Wt Specific Absolute Volume

MATERIAL Lb/Cu Ft Gravity Gal/Lb Cu Ft/Lb
R-1 35.0 1.30 .0922 .0123
R-3 35.1 1.36 .0882 .0118
R-3L 73.62 1.18 .1017 .0136
R-6 (Diacel LWL) 29 1.36 .0882 .0118
R-7 1.86 .0645 .0086
R-8 35 1.20 .0999 .0133
R-8L 76 1.22 .0983 .0133
R-9 51 1.73 .0693 .0093
R-11 49 1.05 .1142 .0153
R-12L 79.25 1.27 .0944 .0126
R-15L 80.81 1.295 .0926 .0124
R-21 35.0 1.35 .0889 .0119
R-21L 72.38 1.16 .1034 .0138
FL-25 33.4 1.31 .0888 .0119
FL-32 15.6 1.26 .0952 .0127
FL-32L 66.14 1.06 .0881 .0151
FL-33 15.6 1.26 .0952 .0127
FL-33L 67.38 1.08 .1111 .0148
FL-52 31.0 1.40 .0856 .0114
FL-62 37.8 1.28 .0937 .0125
FL-63 19.0 1.25 .0959 .0128
FL-63L 69.25 1.11 .1081 .0144
FL-64 50.0 1.57 .0764 .0102
FL-64LT 52.5 1.63 .0736 .0098
BA-10 40.0 1.3 .0922 .0123
BA-10L 57.40 .92 .0895 .0120
B6 39.0 1.34 .0888 .0119
B8 37.50 2.20 .0545 .0073
B8L 84.54 1.35 .0888 .0119
B9 2.70 .0444 .0059
BA-61 .51 .0871 .0314
BA-86L 62.36 1.00 .1199 .0160
BA-90 16.00 2.20 .0545 .0073
BA-91 32.00 2.33 .0515 .0069
ASA-301 63.84 2.23 .0538 .0072
ASA-301L 56.77 .91 .1318 .0176
Barite 135 4.23 .0284 .0038
Diesel Oil, No. 1 51.1 .82 .1457 .0195
Diesel Oil, No. 2 53.0 .85 .1411 .0189
EC-1 50.0 2.60 .0161 .0062
FA-20 63.64 1.02 .1175 .0157
FS-1 39.0 1.34 .0895 .0120
Hydrated Lime 31. 2.2 .0545 .0073
LS-1L 66.13 1.06 .1132 .0151
LS-2L 72.37 1.16 .1034 .0138
LS-3L 64.88 1.04 .1153 .0154
MCS-AG 63.95 1.025 .1169 .0156

5-3
ABSOLUTE VOLUME NaCl (DISSOLVED)
% NaCI Gal/Lb
2% .0371
3% .03745
4% .0378
5% .0381
6% .0384
7% .0387
8% .0390
9% .0392
10% .0394
11% .03965
12% .0399
13% .0401
14% .0403
15% .0405
16% .0407
17% .04095
18% .0412
19% .0414
20% .0416
21% .0418
22% .0420
23% .0422
24% .0424
25% .0426
26% .0428
27% .0429
28% .0430
29% .04315
30% .0433
31% .04345
32% .0436
33% .04375
34% .0439
35% .0440
36% .0441
37% .0442

5-4
 SALT* CEMENT
Sodium chloride, added to the mixing water or to the dry cement mix, reduces the damage to
fresh water-sensitive formations by cement filtrate. In addition, the use of salt provides a
better degree of bonding to water-sensitive shales. For cementing through salt beds, a salt-
saturated cement slurry is recommended. Salt causes cements to expand after setting–the
higher the concentration of salt, (up to saturation) the more the expansion. The amount of
salt used is expressed as “% by weight of fresh water.”
Salt added to mixing water for Salt Slurry Density of Salt Water
% Lbs of NaCl/gal Lbs of NaCl/cu ft Lb/gal Lb/cu ft
0 8.34 62.4
3 .25 1.87 8.50 63.6
5 .41 3.14 8.60 64.3
10 .83 6.21 8.89 66.5
15 1.25 9.35 9.10 68.1
16 1.33 9.95 9.18 68.7
18 1.50 11.22 9.27 69.3
20 1.67 12.49 9.36 70.0
25 2.09 15.63 9.56 71.5
(saturated) 37.2 3.10 23.19 10.08 75.4
* The terms "Salt", "Sodium Chloride" and "NaCl" are used interchangeably.
SLURRY PROPERTIES of API CEMENTS with SALT
Cement Salt % by Density Mix Water Yield
Class wt of water lb/gal lb/cu ft % gal/sk cu ft/sk
0 15.7 117.2 46 5.18 1.17
11 15.8 118.4 46 5.18 1.20
15 15.9 119.0 46 5.18 1.21
A, H * 18 16.0 119.3 46 5.18 1.22
20 16.0 119.5 46 5.18 1.22
25 16.1 120.1 46 5.18 1.23
(saturated) 37.2 16.2 121.4 46 5.18 1.26
0 14.8 111.0 56 6.31 1.32
11 15.0 112.4 56 6.31 1.35
15 15.1 113.1 56 6.31 1.37
C 18 15.2 113.5 56 6.31 1.38
20 15.2 113.7 56 6.31 1.38
25 15.3 114.4 56 6.31 1.40
(saturated) 37.2 15.5 115.9 56 6.31 1.43
0 16.5 123.5 38 4.28 1.05
11 16.6 124.5 38 4.28 1.07
15 16.7 124.9 38 4.28 1.08
H* 18 16.7 125.2 38 4.28 1.09
20 16.8 125.4 38 4.28 1.09
25 16.8 125.8 38 4.28 1.10
(saturated) 37.2 17.0 126.9 38 4.28 1.13
0 15.9 118.7 44 4.96 1.14
11 16.0 119.8 44 4.96 1.17
15 16.1 120.3 44 4.96 1.18
G 18 16.1 120.7 44 4.96 1.18
20 16.2 120.9 44 4.96 1.19
25 16.2 121.4 44 4.96 1.20
(saturated) 37.2 16.4 122.6 44 4.96 1.23
*See note on p. 5-8 concerning densities of Class H cement.

5-5
 CALCULATION OF SLURRY PROPERTIES

Working from a known or design density, and the absolute volume factors (ppg 5-2 thru
5-4) of the materials used, mixing water and yield can be calculated for any slurry. Two
examples are shown on this and the following page.

ABSOLUTE VOLUME
Slurry Calculation Work Sheet
(Basic Slurry Design)

CEMENT BLEND Class G, 8% Gel

TOTAL SK OF CEMENT FOR JOB DESIRED DENSITY 13.3 LB/GAL

COMPANY WELL DATE

CEMENT LB/SACK X GAL/LB = GAL/SACK

G 94.0 X .0382 = 3.5908
X =
Subtotal cement 94.0 3.5908
Additives ≥ 2%
Gel (8%) 7.52 X .0453 = .3407
X =
X =
X =
X =
Subtotal H20 unknown 101.52 3.9315
H20: FRESH or 82.6023 X .1200 = 9.9123
SEA X .1169
SALT: pg 5-4 X =
KCl: pg 5-2 X =
Subtotal H20 known
GRAND TOTAL 184.1223 13.8438

Subtotal, lb/sk – (Desired Density, lb/gal X subtotal, gal/sk ) = lb/sk of

Desired density, lb/gal [(gal/lb of salt X % salt) + gal/lb of unknown] - 1 - % salt unknown

_____101.52______lb/sk – (____13.3__lb/gal X __3.9315____gal/sk) = 82.6023 lb/sk of

__13.3___ lb/gal [( 0 gal/lb X 0.0 )+ .12 gal/lb] – 1 – 0.0 unknown

Grand Total, gal sk = Yield, _13.8438___ gal/sk = ____1.85____ cu ft /sk

gal/cu ft cu ft/sk 7.4805 gal/cu ft

5-6
 ABSOLUTE VOLUME
Slurry Calculation Work Sheet
(Basic Slurry Design)

CEMENT BLEND 35:65:4 (Class H) with 5% SALT

TOTAL SK OF CEMENT FOR JOB DESIRED DENSITY 12.8 LB/GAL

COMPANY WELL DATE

CEMENT LB/SACK X GAL/LB = GAL/SACK

Fly Ash, 35% 25.9 X .0487 = 1.2613
H, 65% 61.1 X .0382 = 2.3340
Subtotal cement 87.0 3.5953
Additives ≥ 2%
Gel (4% of 87) 3.48 X .0453 = 0.1576
X =
X =
X =
X =
Subtotal H20 unknown 90.48 3.7529
H20: FRESH or 83.1724 X .1200 = 9.9807
SEA X .1169
SALT: pg 5-4 4.1586 X .0381 = .1584
KCl: pg 5-2 X =
Subtotal H20 known
GRAND TOTAL 177.811 13.892

Subtotal, lb/sk – (Desired Density, lb/gal X subtotal, gal/sk ) = lb/sk of

Desired density, lb/gal [(gal/lb of salt X % salt) + gal/lb of unknown] - 1 - % salt unknown

______90.48_____lb/sk – (____12.8_____lb/gal X __3.7529__gal/sk) = 83.1724_ lb/sk of

__12.8_ lb/gal [( .0381 gal/lb X 0.05 ) +.1200 gal/lb] – 1 – 0.05 unknown

Grand Total, gal sk = Yield, __13.892__gal/sk = ____1.86________ cu ft /sk

gal/cu ft cu ft/sk 7.4805 gal/cu ft

5-7
SLURRY PROPERTIES OF NEAT API CEMENTS FRESH WATER RATIOS

The density and yield of neat API cement slurries depend only on the amount of mixing
water used. If too much mixing water is used, the slurry will be thin and have excessive free
water, or else completely separate into water and solids. If too little mixing water is used,
the slurry will be too thick to pump. The “normal” amount of mixing water for each slurry is
shown in bold face type. This usually corresponds to the official API recommendations.

Cement Slurry Density Mixing Water Slurry Yield

Class Lb/gal Lb/cu ft % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk Cu Ft/sk
14.0 104.7 68.9 7.76 1.03 1.52
14.2 106.2 65.5 7.38 .986 1.46
C 14.4 107.7 62.2 7.02 .938 1.42
14.6 109.2 59.2 6.68 .892 1.37
14.8 111.0 56.0 6.31 .844 1.32
15.0 112.2 53.8 6.06 .810 1.29
15.2 113.7 51.3 5.78 .773 1.25
A, H * 15.4 115.2 48.9 5.52 .737 1.22
15.6 116.7 46.7 5.24 .704 1.18
15.7 117.2 46.0 5.18 .693 1.17
15.8 118.2 44.6 5.03 .681 1.15
15.9 118.7 44.0 4.96 .663 1.14
G, H 16.0 119.7 42.6 4.80 .642 1.12
16.2 121.2 40.7 4.59 .613 1.09
16.4 122.7 38.9 4.39 .586 1.06
16.5 123.5 38.0 4.28 .572 1.05
16.6 124.2 37.2 4.19 .561 1.04
H* 16.8 125.7 35.6 4.01 .536 1.01
17.0 127.2 34.0 3.84 .513 .99
* Class H is typically mixed with 38% water when a high slurry density is required and
with 46% water when a lower density is appropriate. However, the official API
recommendation is 38% water, resulting in 16.5 ppg slurry.

5-8
 API CLASS G CEMENT WITH SEA WATER

Density Mix Water Yield

Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
16.0 45.1 4.96 1.197

API CLASS H CEMENT WITH VARIOUS SEA WATER RATIOS

Density Mix Water Yield

Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
16.69 38 4.18 1.04
16.47 40 4.40 1.07
16.26 42 4.62 1.10
16.06 44 4.84 1.13
15.87 46 5.06 1.16

5-9
 CEMENTS WITH BENTONITE (Gel)
Bentonite percentages are by weight of cement

WITH VARIOUS FRESH WATER RATIOS

Cement Gel Density Mix Water Yield
Class % Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk Cu Ft/sk
0 15.6 46.0 5.18 .693 1.17
4 14.2 67.2 7.57 1.012 1.51
A, H 8 13.3 88.1 9.93 1.332 1.85
12 12.6 111.6 12.6 1.684 2.23
16 12.2 130.8 14.7 1.970 2.54
0 14.8 56.0 6.31 .844 1.32
4 13.7 76.5 8.63 1.153 1.66
C 8 12.9 98.9 11.1 1.482 2.01
12 12.4 118.9 13.4 1.792 2.34
16 11.9 145.1 16.4 2.192 2.76
0 15.8 44.0 4.96 .633 1.14
4 14.3 65.5 7.38 .987 1.49
G 8 13.3 88.1 9.94 1.329 1.85
12 12.7 108.2 12.2 1.631 2.18
16 12.2 130.8 14.8 1.979 2.54

5-10
 FLY ASH CEMENT BLEND 15:85:8 with SALT & CLASS A CEMENT
MIXED WITH FRESH WATER
Density Mix Water Yield Salt, % by Wt
Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk of Water
12.7 104 11.3 2.06 3.0
12.4 115 12.56 2.23 5.0
12.2 124 13.52 2.35 3.0

FLY ASH CEMENT BLEND 35:65:6

MIXED WITH FRESH WATER
Cement Density Mix Water Yield
Class Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
C 12.80 93 9.65 1.80
G 12.70 95 9.90 1.84
13.60 74 7.70 1.54
H 12.70 95 9.90 1.84
13.60 74 7.70 1.54
WITH 5% SALT AND CLASS A CEMENT
A 12.40 112 11.64 2.09
12.40 114 11.84 2.13

FLY ASH CEMENT BLEND 40:60:8

MIXED WITH FRESH WATER
Density Mix Water Yield
Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
13.88 65 6.76 1.40
13.40 75 7.78 1.54
13.00 85 8.81 1.69
12.60 95 9.85 1.83
12.40 105 10.88 1.98
12.10 115 11.92 2.11
WITH 5% SALT BY WEIGHT OF WATER
12.40 112 11.56 2.90

FLY ASH CEMENT BLEND 50:50

MIXED WITH FRESH WATER
Cement Fly Ash Density Mix Water Yield
Class Cement Mix Lb/gal Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
G 50:50:2 14.4 5.43 1.21
H 50:50:2 14.4 5.43 1.21
50:50:0 15.2 4.37 1.06
50:50:2 14.1 6.0 1.29
C 50:50:0 14.7 4.93 1.14
50:50:10 12.5 10.29 1.91

5-11
 SODIUM METASILICATE SLURRIES

BJ Services’ Sodium Metasilicate cement systems are low density, high yield,
economical slurries that have relatively high strength. These properties can be varied,
depending on the amount of Sodium Metasilicate additive used and the amount of
mixing water. Sodium Metasilicate is usually used with the unretarded cements, API
Classes A, C, G and H.

WITH FRESH WATER

Cement Thrifty Mix Density Mix Water Yield
Class % Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
1 14.2 65 7.33 1.46
A, G, H 2 12.5 105 11.8 2.06
3 11.4 155 17.5 2.81
1 13.9 70 7.89 1.53
C 2 12.4 110 12.4 2.14
3 11.4 155 17.5 2.81

SODIUM METASILICATE SLURRIES

WITH CLASS H and SEA WATER RATIOS

Thrifty Mix Density Mix Water Yield
% Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
1 14.35 66 7.33 1.46
2 12.65 108 11.85 2.06
3 11.56 159 16.93 2.74

5-12
 SODIUM SILICATE L

Sodium Silicate L additive is added to the cement mixing water, resulting in

slurries having the following properties:

Low Density: Densities as low as 11.0 Lb/gallon

Relatively High Strength: Higher than other “filler” slurries having the
same density.

Variable Water Ratio: Amount of mixing water can be varied as much as

5 Gallons per sack for some formulations.

Low Cost: Considering equivalent strength and density, Sodium Silicate

L is economical.

Minimum Cement Storage: The higher yield of Sodium Silicate L results

in the most cubic feet of slurry from the least cubic feet of dry cement
storage.

SODIUM SILICATE (LIQUID) SLURRIES

WITH FRESH WATER

Cement Sodium Silicate L Density Mix Water Yield
Class System Lb/gal Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
G, H I 14.2 7.33 1.46
*TLW I 12.0 9.89 1.75
G, H II 12.5 11.8 2.06
*TLW II 11.3 13.0 2.17
G, H III 11.4 17.5 2.81
*TLW III 11.2 13.9 2.29
* TLW is Trinity Lite Wate

5-13
 TRINITY LITE-WATE (TLW)*
WITH VARIOUS FRESH WATER RATIOS
Density Mix Water Yield
Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
14.2 54.6 4.92 1.09
13.5 67.0 6.02 1.24
13.0 78.0 7.02 1.37
12.5 91.5 8.24 1.54
12.0 109.0 9.81 1.75
*This manufactured light weight cement is manufactured by Texas Industries and marketed
by Trinity as TLW.

MULTIDENSE 1:1 (MANUFACTURED LIGHT: API)

WITH VARIOUS FRESH WATER PERCENTS
Density Mix Water Yield
Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
14.26 60 6.09 1.27
13.93 65 6.60 1.34
13.68 70 7.10 1.40
13.45 75 7.61 1.47
13.21 80 8.12 1.54
12.98 85 8.62 1.61

MULTIDENSE 1:2 (MANUFACTURED LIGHT: API)

WITH VARIOUS FRESH WATER RATIOS
Density Mix Water Yield
Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
15.08 50 5.26 1.17
14.70 55 5.78 1.24
14.37 60 6.32 1.31
14.05 65 6.83 1.37
13.75 70 7.36 1.45
13.52 75 7.88 1.52

MULTIDENSE 2:1 (MANUFACTURED LIGHT: API)

WITH VARIOUS FRESH WATER RATIOS
Density Mix Water Yield
Lb/gal % Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk
13.87 65 6.34 1.29
13.60 70 6.83 1.38
13.35 75 7.32 1.43
13.12 80 7.81 1.49
12.89 85 8.29 1.56
12.74 90 8.78 1.62

5-14
 LW-6 LITE-SET CEMENTING SYSTEMS

BJ Services’ Lite-Set cementing system has been designed to produce cements

having very low densities and very good compressive strengths. The Lite-Set
cements are made possible by BJ Services’ LW-6 extender. LW-6 extender is a
light gray, low density powder which is blended with Portland cement, or any other
cementitious material. Lite-Set slurries can be mixed as light as 8 ½ pounds per
gallon. The compressive strength of a Lite-Set slurry is superior to a slurry
prepared with a conventional extender at the same density. Lite-Set systems are
identified by their density in pounds per gallon times ten. Thus, an 8 ½ ppg slurry
is “Lite-Set 85” and a 12.5 ppg slurry is “ Lite-Set 125.”

WITH CLASS H CEMENT

Mix Water Yield R-5
Lite-Set Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk %
85 18.6 6.09 .4
100 10.0 3.18 .4
120 6.8 1.98 .4
140 5.3 1.43 .4
See mixing manual and bulletin for additional information.

LW-7-2, LW-7-4

BJ Services’ LW-7-2 and LW-7-4 are products consisting primarily of unicellular silicate
microspheres with an average density of 0.37—0.38 gm/cc. Like LW-6, LW-7-2 and LW-
7-4 lower the slurry density due to their own lower density. By placing extra solid
material in the slurry, as opposed to extra water, the cement crystal structure can build
up around the particles resulting in a stronger set product. As opposed to LW-6,
however, LW-7-2 and LW-7-4 are silicate in nature instead of pozzolanic. This in turn
leads to higher compressive strength as the materials react with cement.

1. Both products are white in color.

2. LW-7-2 has a specific gravity of 0.37 and a crush resistance of no more than 10% at
2000 psi.
3. LW-7-4 has a specific gravity of 0.38 gm/cc and a crush resistance of no more than
10% at 4000 psi.
4. Both LW-7-2 and LW-7-4 will exhibit a non-elastic increase in crush with an
increase in pressure. Since the density of the slurry is directly dependent upon the
amount of LW-7-2 /LW-7-4 intact in the slurry, the slurry density will increase as it is
pumped down the casing due to product crushing, yet it will not “elastically” decrease
back to its original density as the pressure decreases due to its circulating up the
annulus. This must be considered during job design.

5-15
 WEIGHTED SLURRIES
A weighted cement slurry is one that is made heavier by the addition of a weighting
agent. BJ Services reccommends two additives, (Hematite and W-10*), to increase
slurry density. The table indicates the amount of Hematite needed to attain the desired
slurry density. The chart shows the percent of W-10 needed to obtain a desired cement
density. As with many other additives, it is recommended that specific tests be conducted
when weighting materials are to be used under critical cementing conditions.
* W-10 is Manganese oxide

Hematite W-10
Cement Density 100
Class Lb/gal % Lb/sk
90
15.8 0 0
G 17.0 19.3 18.2 80
17.5 28.6 26.9 70

% W-10 BWOC
18.0 38.5 36.2
60
G 18.5 48.9 46.0
19.0 60.1 56.5 50
G 19.5 71.9 67.6 40
20.0 84.6 79.5
30
16.5 0 0
H 17.0 7.7 7.2 20
17.5 15.9 15.0 10
18.0 24.7 23.2 0
H 18.5 34.0 32.0
16 17 18 19 20 21
19.0 43.9 41.3
H 19.5 54.4 51.2 Cement Density, Lb/gal
20.0 65.7 61.8

CEMENTS with GILSONITE

Gilsonite is a low density, granular solid having a graded particle size. It is used in
cement slurries to both lower the density of the slurry and to act as a bridging agent.
CEMENTS WITH GILSONITE AND GEL
Cement Density Mix Water Yield Gilsonite Gel
Class Lb/gal Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk % %
A, H 15.0 5.49 1.30 6.0 0
14.0 6.09 1.54 17.8 0
A, H 14.0 6.90 1.56 10.2 2
13.0 7.79 1.92 27.8 2
A, H 14.0 7.71 1.57 2.6 4
13.0 8.60 1.94 20.3 4
C 14.0 6.82 1.53 10.1 0
13.0 7.70 1.89 27.3 0
C 14.0 7.63 1.55 2.5 2
13.0 8.51 1.91 19.9 2
C 13.0 9.33 1.93 12.4 4
G 15.0 5.34 1.30 7.6 0
14.0 5.94 1.55 19.4 0
G 14.0 6.75 1.56 11.8 2
13.0 7.64 1.93 29.4 2
G 14.0 7.56 1.57 4.2 4
13.0 8.46 1.94 21.9 4

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 KOL-SEAL
Kol-Seal is a low-density additive that can provide lost circulation control and excellent
scouring action. It can be used as an extender to provide a light-weight, high-yield slurry
with higher compressive strengths than slurries of the same weight using Gilsonite.

Density Mix Water Yield Gilsonite Kol-Seal CaCl2

Blend Lb/gal Gal/ sk Cu Ft/sk % % %
13.45 7.93 .57
13.14 8.24 1.69 5.75
13.27 8.13 1.66 5.75
35:65:6 12.87 8.55 1.8 11.49
13.11 8.33 1.75 11.49
13.14 8.24 1.69 5.75 2.0
13.27 8.13 1.66 5.75 2.0
*The 35:65:6 mix refers to 35% fly ash, 65% cement, and 6% gel.

Cement Density Mix Water Yield Gilsonite Kol-Seal CaCl2

Class Lb/gal Gal/sk Cu Ft/sk % % %
14.8 6.31 1.32
C 14.37 6.58 5.32
14.55 6.51 1.41 5.32
13.97 6.85 1.54 10.64
13.61 9.06 1.74 8
13.32 9.33 1.85 5.32 8
H 13.44 9.26 1.83 8 5.32
13.07 9.60 1.96 10.64 8
13.29 9.46 1.96 8 10.64
13.29 9.36 1.96 10.64 8

FLOW-GUARD & FLOW-GUARD L (LIQUID)

These water-based systems are designed to reduce the permeability of thief zones.
When brine or cement slurries accelerated with calcium chloride contact Flow-Guard,
they will gel and create impermeable skin damage to the zone.

Three treatment applications are:

1) Preflush followed by a calcium chloride accelerated cement slurry,
2) Calcium chloride solution followed by the preflush system,
3) Calcium chloride solution, the preflush system and then a calcium chloride
accelerated cement.

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 “P” TANK BULK CEMENT CAPACITIES

*NUMBER SACKS –– NEAT CEMENTS

“P” Tank Class H Trinity
Size Class A Neat with 15% Sand Lite-Wate
120 cu ft 105 111 102 90
220 cu ft 192 202 185 165
1000 cu ft 875 925 849 750
1230 cu ft 1075 1140 1046 925
1730 cu ft 1515 1600 1468 1300

*NUMBER SACKS –– BLENDED CEMENTS

"P" Tank Sodium Metasilicate Bentonite (Gel)
Size I II III 4% 8% 12 % 16 %
Class “A”
120 cu ft 104 102 101 98 91 85 77
220 cu ft 190 188 175 180 167 155 142
1000 cu ft 865 855 845 820 760 705 645
1230 cu ft 1065 1055 1040 1010 940 870 795
1730 cu ft 1500 1480 1465 1420 1315 1220 1120
Class “H”
120 cu ft 110 109 107 104 97 91 83
220 cu ft 201 199 197 191 178 166 153
1000 cu ft 915 905 895 870 810 755 695
1230 cu ft 1125 1113 1100 1070 996 929 855
1730 cu ft 1583 1566 1548 1505 1401 1306 1202
*Average number of sacks on filling without overflowing.

PLEASE NOTE:
Some tanks vary ± 2.5% of table volumes due to difference in vent systems.

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