Memahami konsep, teknik representasi,
Deskripsi metode pengembangan, dan alat
arsitektur rekayasa perangkat lunak yang
mencakup dasar-dasar dan prinsip-
prinsip arsitektur perangkat lunak serta
beberapa literatur dan masalah penelitian
arsitektur perangkat lunak sehingga
memahami dasar tentang prinsip-prinsip
rekayasa perangkat lunak,
pengembangan perangkat lunak skala
besar.
Lecture 1 Objective:
- Concepts
Introduction - Importance of architecture in
engineering disciplines
- Description of a system’s architecture
- The challenge
- what is engineering?
- Fundamental Understanding
The Impact of Information
Technology
Information Technology
Combination of hardware and software products and services that
companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share
information
Information is a vital asset that must be used effectively, updated,
connected, transmitted, analyzed, and used well
The Impact of Information
Technology
The Future of IT
IT has created a new economy, where advances in
hardware, software, networks provide huge benefits
to businesses worldwide.
Globalization and the increasing internet users
around the world, give IT budgets high priority, to
reach new markets, to build and manage distributed
companies and to reduce costs
▪ Systems Analysis: understanding and specifying in detail what an
information system should do
▪ System Design: specifying in detail how the parts of an
information system should be implemented
▪ Systems analysis and design, as performed by systems analysts,
seeks to understand what humans need to analyze data input or
data flow systematically, process or transform data, store data,
and output information in the context of a particular
organization or enterprise
Systems Analyst
▪ is a key person analyzing business, depending on organization
function, requirements, identifying opportunities for
improvement, solving problems, and designing information
systems to implement these ideas.
▪ Many failed systems were abandoned because analysts tried to
build wonderful systems without understanding the
organization.
▪ The systems analyst frequently acts as a systems consultant to humans
and their businesses and, thus, may be hired specifically to address
information systems issues within a business
▪ The most comprehensive and responsible role that the systems analyst
takes on is that of an agent of change, whether internal or external to the
business
Introduction
▪ Information systems must supports business and
information needs
▪ First you need to understand the business needs and the
Business Drivers for Today’s Information Systems and their
impacts on information systems, then you will build a
business model to understand the specific operation and
processes
Understanding The Business
▪ Every business has its operations, rules and
constraints. IT professionals must understand
business operations to create successful systems.
▪ For example a retail store, an internet auction, library,
and hotel chain, have unique information system
requirements. Even with the same business each
company has its own rules, requirements, and
constraint.
▪ System analysts use a process called business
process modeling to represent a company's operation
and information needs. To do that the analyst needs.
Understanding The Business
▪ New kinds of companies
▪ Traditionally, Companies are classified based on their
main activities to:
▪ Production-oriented: the companies who
manufactured and sell products such as computers,
furniture, clothes and so on
▪ Service-oriented: primarily offer services like
information, or sell goods produced by others.
Understanding The Business
▪ New kinds of companies
▪ Now a days IT industry is a growing sector in business world, many
companies offer a mix of products, services, information, and technical
resources to a customer.
▪ The newest company category is the Internet-dependent firm, often
described as a ( Dot-com (.com) ) company because its primary business
depends on the Internet rather than a traditional business channel, Like
Yahoo.com.
▪ At the other end of the spectrum are traditional companies, sometimes
called brick-and-mortar companies because they conduct business from
physical locations.
▪ Many of the traditional companies have added Web-based marketing
channels to increase sales and serve customers more effectively
Business Drivers for Today’s
Information Systems
▪ Globalization of the Economy
▪ Impact of the internet
▪ Security and Privacy
▪ Collaboration and Partnership
▪ Knowledge Asset Management
▪ Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management
Business Drivers for Today’s
Information Systems
▪ Globalization of the Economy
▪ The biggest players in today’s global marketplace are multinational corporations
▪ Global Economy brings
▪ New and expanded international markets
▪ New international competitors
▪ Impact on information systems
▪ Require support of multiple languages, currency exchange rates, business
cultures
▪ Require consolidation of international data
▪ Demand for players who can communicate, orally and in writing, with
management and users that speak different languages
How Business Uses
Information Systems
▪ Information systems integration
▪ Most large companies require systems that combine transaction
processing, business support, knowledge management, and user
productivity features. Thus as analyst, you will likely employ specific
methodologies, techniques, and tools to build the specific system.
Information System Users and
Their Needs
▪ A systems analyst must understand the company’s organizational
model in order to recognize who is responsible for specific
processes and decisions, how processes will connect, what data
and information the process needs, and to be aware of what
information is required by whom.
Information System Users and
Their Needs
▪Top managers
▪ Has a global view, develop a long range plans which
define the company's overall mission and goals,
Provides initiative for the project, and has a strategic
concern.
▪ Top managers focus on the overall business
enterprise and use IT to set the company’s course
and directions
▪ Top managers needs information from outside the
company, such as economic forecasts, technology
trends, competitive threats, and governmental issues
Information System Users and
Their Needs
▪Middle Managers and Knowledge
Workers
▪ Provide direction, necessary resources, and
performance feedback to supervisors.
▪ Middle managers need more detailed information
than top managers.
▪ Knowledge workers also used business support
systems, knowledge management systems, and
user productivity systems.
▪ They provide support for the organization’s basic
functions.
Information System Users and
Their Needs
▪ Supervisors and Team Leaders
▪ They usually manage a group of operational users and are
responsible for their performance
▪ supervisors carry out day-to-day functions, they make necessary
decisions.
▪ Supervisors need decision support information, knowledge
management systems, and user productivity systems.
Information System Users and
Their Needs
▪ Operational Employees
▪ are the clerical, operational, and administrative
people most likely to have the most day-to-day
contact with the new system.
▪ Operational employee rely on TP systems to enter
and receive data they need to perform their jobs
▪ Usually have local view.
▪ Carry out the function of the system.
▪ Has a physical view of the system.
▪ Discuss How Business Uses Information Systems
▪ Identify various types of information systems and explain
who uses them
▪ Explain Information System Users and Their Needs
