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Caen e_ Reet diye Nikuny Rejeshb ew — a
fr. We semi gece)
Subject !=
Emsioll mo. 22003601 11024-
Aesigerment +9
~ al] = Scale
sy-Expleaim. tm dejail the. types Of 59-2
jetting Cina cluding -}iame. delay cing Oopplee4y
pa-ead. 9
Ans
Acs joumsmtbbeds amcl. Congstemt pucsa ones,
bemdcdicth. thal— js srmalleg thana. the.
_bundaidbia, of The. La —stgene}
| “thy the two chiymel oF the chummnel at seme,lof those. _o
Im the. Flat Fadimy cherrmels.——___—~
j Bate _het se the, bandwidth of 4he.chasrmelts-
Hes erm ane ole ta signees
—s pFacliony _etfect= cue ta Oop plea. _sptead ——_—_——
BC< as
| -
SHE ish Boeken = — =
8 ecu lusstpy a. chuome| as ei en.
feisp Seicken—chernene | osc soc _fadinay —_ehastnme|—
base. om. hows _hupidlly the orci smittecdL bas —
bein sigma chetlenges a compiuted tothe.
seike. f= _chomye. 9 he. Charme,
“tl A chamme| ts called as the ph Bet Lteney_caaciamre |
Tk the, 1 mist Geygrmee ob eae
Chamges _Reipiduly pnbe| _datation. of the ta
T-nal
“nrs wound lead __-o En-equency _clispeaston of
¢-faon elect ye Fadtmy dus. ta Despie_seiteding
Sh} allarma —iaq_tedems Of Frequency clommuin. the. _
Dspanel\s ol! toertipsa_. Doplea _piid= ce. to_ signal,
92} S lous Peeling ie
A-_slows_ferling chemne| cern be -depimed us
ce. _clieinne| fot cHnirh, the tmpulse Res por Of
the chammne) Dhanges ate much. Slow esk -eethe, tha
she tn signa |.
s441c ond Bs >> BoCSE eee
=O
Explain. _in detail the tom pulse._.espomse model
j-CR a ony Itipath, channel.
Ihe. _temnpulse. _Respomse._of cu. Radio chanmel_t
————Hlinectly elated tp somal _scile Vasitadomg 0 & ——
smobile 4 suidta chenmnel.
———SS| The. pannpulse. ae bs a whdeburdl, channel ——
~Chetoectelz ction.
Eb _comsists of cil in fovmadion, that ts ess endta)
sos teentleut cel. _Amalyse. umny pond. of adie —
trams missiev. dhoough. tha t— cheaasl
“The tenpulse_hesponse. 1 useful de predich ctood, —
eT pute the, pesfotaancin, of differen -mabiles
Cospesmunitutie Sy stems camcl. _paciagsmarss ror
bamdeaidth. Fon a. Specifte rmobile. Channel.
Come s-5.0
Le A on abile. States}
aN
ES Le til Vvelectty
Buse, Skation I Yeewtere) posibiory
Antermea,[ cette
T=
saltnesmabile reves aleny the, growl ata —comsienb
pWelectty 8 tm. ct. opppst}: cligiecttn1. +n the. bse
| Tew. cim+emma.— ne
We aun smnde| the channel bebweca. the 4g ul —
———i-#ae _amabiie. Usa iimen tmme (roxvusitant Syskemn—
TE tne. imple Respamse of the. charme| es _expaesssd
> fs h(dit) ancl x 2) then, the, @ecil pA).
pa sitesm. d can wa pened acy Weds
| id) = 66) oe iay
t htdsk) = 0 for zo
[yVa@ay = [acy sh ,t-2) ar
| ~e
sable. Systema
é 4
I | LRCaOy at 22
| -«
[ewe Um. OX pres: Of Reyevs g
I a= vt
tt) = f rit) hom t-z)du
—a
IL y(t) = facut Catt: tot) dz
[ oo
by @) # h(t st)
I YG) = x) 6 hid F)ton pulse. Respomse t-
——FSs_ttis_comstemh, tele the, bacimaymitted been
be ety ts umd fampulses Respnnse. aQeicl ta chamnme)
*ay —s Jha) = Ref hbre-we °F 2 onttpelt
wW
ya) eRe sree!
a 23. @ hea}
YG a sheds
hy
Ye = XE SRETY
C1 “Gtyp— output _hbG) = £@) ©
phy Lt
The. pate Styenal Ts que bey
£@) = c@)® +h cet)
aC) = Re Ve@re x PCaatsay F
Ye) = Re PAE) exp Cy Thee}3:] Explata ta _deseril ca
slidlima correlator channel _S0%umnd ing cinch. ——
—j-Prequency doameain. chanel sounding ———
|__ Ans -
Y :
f a _
SS BQ
AX
oe 4 _
Tk thir ee eee cl
= a} Pulse Seqrienle |
oS | geniator _| =
Besa Cha] = t/a
@_ yen en tfeot,
Vie
[Pw - secpuence], «chip Foch | Digital _sbataye [
Ry | Jenereits2— & | och, |
T
| al Bw = 2 (x) |
= — [err FX} fore | [S——F vetoes]
Ni ithoat pal
filtecy ,
~
‘The. spree Spechoum system hue cn Advantage, —
Oven. the Prept ow oY Stew, eveon_ hoya the
Parola leno, Hgonet|_ts cuidlute ade de
stzumsanifted. Sy usin CL. andthe Receiver
Reotes bry ow mixes
“This improve the dymambe. Rare of tht. System
computed. +2 the dived RE Pile vehemWat the. _outpik pf the mixer we obfala. Ahe—
Lgpxeccl__s pecfarem._Stymnal_dandL aaa
_Roatemmnad ._ _ ee
- 7 ~
SQ + stm cr) Gate] __
wef-$Se) Ae
= $e% (tr cafe) Te)
Bw = @Re
Receiver ix
“The. prec. Spectrum. Siymal Rea by Ra _nerel_
Filter. oukpub= Bpply te omiven. csitin pnt selene
Gemciritor cit to.
d
Pal Sequence. At the, Recetver. amd Hg dt Hae
taeimsmmittte. one. telemticnl the cola hs Seq
Faster. thom Real chip.
” Processing gain. Fo = ?7Ro = PT (ous
J Rob Te (Sps\
Cy ia
Dtsteske Prcorminy amnutipdth will have clipe exh
dian eos
Depend ing pm _the drome, delay the emenyy 9}.
Ahese. pedal Path. cof ion eg
Aten. envelop detection. the Dguu_clisaa
dre. chomme! fmpay_R Poth seithoyw, the, pulse
Gu. sigoru) chip
Jd4} Freqatemncy Doamain. chum.
= hex, @ 1's Re Jattonsbip__befwcen. }1es—
comnatn cine __prepuency _domata._fors. ve cana —
———| the. chammel tampulse. Re fn Frequenc domain, —
x RA
p edo meteors cmalyseq | ———————
a
th Sureph frequency Z
S-patemrent— feote ql
[mveose: OF Pro.
hy = Eq Cw)
C Frequency domme chan poms.
toa Cusue mer A= Suede.)
1
“The, weep. Ceci. Perrtica | _foreqatenc bum. Hie
Caitten. or the, Cenber, fumcl. he. Porepuench pay
aie stpps
he. tym €. Ressludior? Of the. fmplse, Response
ame usyeimen bf 2 peracl OF these. Fule. bedereery
Phen
Uns. Pnve- divste Ne Fouctler th forein
bse. ce comverb. af the. dime damnum de dae
beand. veilored emiciey),“What is_targe, scale, propagation 2 explain
Poletuil the Pree. “pace, mopage tor anode
j—beage. CLC. a dels t—
fa
“The. _p pogartart . nadels that Predirbke the
“ONeasige._stemeal shregth, cb= cre Abnibtay oltstonnce,
4a, +ocunsmitens 42. Calle as large —_—
cale, Pmopagerttosrvmiadels
sll Uh
oy Miseful Cskrmactiny thr. covereksie
ORCL SF the ty
Hi Pree. Spale. anadel
“Thrs_amedel is_sused. fo, Paceclucctimy he. _
Recewed pHRitla cobb, sthe, +x Urd Re
have. clear iss path, betev eer theam
|
[
Ta
[sae
ae ee
—————
Bact Sette
[Fac =Seuce._cormud-tox |
“the ex 2 ©f Los tommanaysareitttoyy
BDamniesia cua ¢ Crary reid?
@
adele CORT Ne cdf es 17,Pegm thr quattom. Received. Pawene ts tin ensty
Poo patimad to th Sepruiian betsieen tx ume”
Rx
Pald) dears ot glare of 20 dB 1 de cade,Ss
CH=0_
51} _Detime, t- coherence. Bandwidth. (pul) aml Cohere=
ence. tinne,. Deter maint. _Cohae-ence Bw CIO +2 ——
Omd _cohesnern Buc
03 Ende erm —alclasy———
peead. Of fou# m
Ans.
C1} cohewemce. Bumdatielth :
rhevence. Bamduitdth ts cc stubs tical meas
Sement oF te Stumnge. of frequemeres o-vess
z Aaich the channel cum be. Carsid ered “Flat”
@ Coherence, time's
“the. coherence time ts the time. ovesy
tla. the chaynel = acter. = verbs ore | ludion
Cocthrctenk deops below cu. poredesimed. threshaid.
;
Sh the. cohererre lcmdateldd. foe go zfs 7
See
ect l
1
SOX SUF XVI
22.3612 Miz]
B Qu 36 4
Pesire. ton. expression. jou the. deceived. paren u
Bon. Ue. too = siya flection, polnt = te Seal L
omahile eammaun teatro? prmoragddiog’, made (7 t
fcssuime. pth oS exppmen|J=a eyo
Ex. amos emyisimoments th
tremgH. falls @s Som ¢. powen cl Of the distor|} shoss grid tea
—||-cattecL._us_powenr. clistumct. gad 'enk Ost pata. —
Ahe. Stgana\ taesng Hai proportonu| to
| where, Pt is toamsmittedt. powen. cing _cl—s——
Arstumc e. tn ameters a
The. aeludion. between. trams mitted power Pe )—
eceived. pawen CPx) is given be = —
ee Pee ihe
Px ura J a
Inet Gy = eemnent te gertor. wrademztds
Gis = Receween contevmets 9a. —————
a= distumee between. tremsmrttec
ome _srece very.
» > Wavelength OF coassifedy
Ax _the fanil's Pree. space. equatiyn 1-
Pod) = PrGeSin A®
con® de
whee, - 1s System loss Pacts
Received. powen. ap te distance, el 1s giver by =
Pala) Aon 40 ins {Polish [+ 200g (eo
0 .003W. dCH=O0
SH} terre = oreiy smed ¢| | ts shoum. ta fg. @)
a
Srgenal is themugh Hoe meflectin
Oe the ecrth’s Surgece
These. 4ov0 path. toarel digterent dishaumcess based
oxa._hetyht of base, stadinn. amtermu. Che) ands
-hetghb of smobile, tesrminal ombennc. Chm),
Ad wnereiven. tree. }eio Sigma] umd _cclded) toms tor chivd
92._destructively , “the, selation. between, deensr ye
perden, pi. do-say moody. Can be _epprare ximuted
by expr ess on:
Py = Py Gy Gig, hav hew
lara=
G#=0
LCuleuluke omen excess clekry, rms delay spacack.
cmd auxin excess dele 4 (iodB) §ae1_ +ne_—_—
a pata pn fe 9 enna. ig be
PA Sap—f R
— FY]
7 = waa 7
le excess _telery tots)
+ 3
= flrs. bep 1 3.
“Ts Fic. meutimnum. excess dlelcy C1ed 8) fay
degentiinn._o! Amaxienum. excess _delay Ciod&)
swe Cam, See
Tindg > SF He
Step 2 4-
-
cUssamce them th a drrect Lime. = of = sight —
Path existed,
j—lo_fimd path. Aittemence As
A = Ce, +2) ~(ai4de)
1
ean eae ee he
Pa ak Ee
Sram ila: V3
Po > do ne
2dr.
A = ( 0)+ Pe) — Cay tda)= arn. rh? ( ditda \
» Aa dida.
B= Ke Giided
aide——|bumd._,_A-ssume._the_puth tess expomeni=_1s-7=
\a
— G20 __
— = =
Compute the tbsolute.amcay. puth. loss ata
-tumd_cl_= Ramm fosv ce mobile. vtadio system ————
j-Opeoutecl tn the 24 td gel Gitte authori ree —
25
———| Assume the. first two amepers are los ,———
7 -UASAgaucusds NLOS propuqatton. shoul be assumed.
Aras. | _ ae _
| de = 3m, d = 2am = 3m = Nm
+ MRS ff S Bike Gy = QHraNy
a
tne. _propuqabin. Loss lp fs
Us (as) = \Ddoy Ha = \odog dig ~ Rohoy 9] +) u% ~SedB
—— $08taimity—gaim. isotropic. bumsmi+ Goc\_oteceive —
Omt-erqnus “he. +bremnsm'ssiov path. Loss (s, ___
Lata) = 24.56 - 20194 $ (M2) = 20 Loy (mm)
Le ta = Q4.56 =Adloy ara NHa, = 2p loy Boy
La (de) = 24.96 — 6F.be4 ~F-TUe
Leto) = HV. wt)
La (des) * -98 dg
the. tibsoljbe. mean. puth Loss te,
Ltddag = Lldeo) sents (4)
0SOdB -jox ae a lng |
= 3s XoggR oe
Ors cuss the Okumu L's pred tedrovt method. with
pmcecesscsiy equ. tiams ee
“The. _olaumus. propagatnn.amnodel _ts_custuble
$2. laage. —Cell_ coverage with. distances upto 198
“hem _taa urban, ames y mc. i+ cam. extrer polehe,—
Predictions yp te 3 GH
H_simpiterech veotstov. of the. Okaanuacl puth. loss
omadel,¢n. baopugedieyL _yaa_cine, aban. rnobile,
exmvinonment , Is eArpresseol us Follows :
leacda) ~ Ly (dp) + dam (fos) ~de -de - Ze
_--O
cleer Ly is_the. Pree. =Spuce. prope qatar, pelt —
Lo: pressed in cB.
Clan _mepresents the median. attenmetier, siclative
An Pree. spacey ame. 1s ch frynctioyl of fe camel 3}
Y Ghai e ft hergh
Che) gain. feeds oh ich asiles ab Godt, Of
Lod [decile , Gmel expressed soneitheometrcaliy
MUS Pollocsis
= 20
005 X J===@—|-t15__follocis 4
exh cla te fhe _eftectivc amobile,oreceie
| Cim bene. hetght Chax}_gqaine. ferctor y— colareh VO ‘
Lata ecite of to dB} decade foe heights
Ahan 3m, dard id's amuthesmerbredly— expressed
Ay = 1o_toy Coa Ire) foe
—_“A]_ce_Ts the comrecttorn.fochore ger claiclh ——
clepends om the. 4ype of. envrhovonent welts)
Uafues , Msoatatecl , obstacle, eto.
What te the delay specads bound. 1 amnun of ce
AQo = Mir puyblre lam - mobile. stdin _syebern 1%
Pued watt (4308) and PRmin, = ~18 dBm
How aye, i. hive by of +h
“Lemur if the, semnsitivi by
Se ceiveny is _tompreved io PR, = ~1o0 dao
{| __euithn. unity gain. ommidim-ecttosnu) dantenn
we. cotll tht. _Feheet's_boumd
$= 290 My = Ox jo Hr
Pye DW = jemee ee eral
HIT Agoxyoe V
Sh Zamsth = BOL le
@Ol te a Pamiy—2 =190 A Bren = Lol? om) es
- = = 193
Pamir
Taman eS : — S188
T OX
ss Temp = HB oe
the _commprttects delay Spread bound pow Pramin®
f= 90 Bea PS Came e = BE), % ds cmd fom Pere =
ca | 100 dean ive Imcrecisecl semsihiviby the cleleny
p @ecic! boum cl. ps Len Sing a ls
13, | Deairve. tht. expire sain, foo. Fehevi's upper
bound
—_Ams.|| the. Feles. ~ Peeet Upper. boumck ts cd thenwetic
Lent ove th Capacity Of a. comm amicatinn
chummel, FA cots Fist desitved fey Feher= mel.
Poe i \466, the. expr Tow fon Fenner?
upper hoymel is +
& Blog, Cit SNR)Bis 4 fae_bamel cute dlth_of the chan:
— SNP. fs the vypnd.t_=_to = mnois te. Stet _,———
———i this _expar sslovL represents phe anqqxtamim —uchievale
—lade_arcite, fom given. bamdeielth cine. _siynal=s9-
smpise. rato ,-4 seca tony Pde lt _comdrHams=_cmd
—Fr— [-292_cost nny _-02= _smadladitiona. sciaennes rorve used
T-_padvicles Con upper hmik on the chat els —_—
perxsormunte
keep im. amind. ¢hut ba. practice) Come aan teeudt7—
pSastems_vesiious —Ructoas [iwe. fod imnysiaach ___
| an ndancitionpectmigwes cum be eanployedd bo
Sppronch this uppes bdume | tou the ees —that is Doppler Frequency forn (co MHz. bens.
“matter. Frequency ancl. amnpbile. is. amoung st —
——-62_km fh eee
——Ans,|| _ — a
—— fc sre MH = -
eee Ae oS 3yr O+162.-m9 :
fo liso x0 - 7
7 is 6
= 3 Morn | hae —~ oa _—
fa = Vi. 60 F008 He
x Or WR
Isy
Dect fares Sprites panpagatincn si seein siya
j-Establis, the. steludion. fos the siece vel. pose,
| tm._Pree. Space. Defime, puta, loss pm. Free,
puce cacluu le, the. mecemved. power. mp oc diskog
Of A WM proc. the,
beams tHes id the path
nema ene ee eet ee eee een eel
sFaciémn tim poses. og Ht) 3-2 ele
oh \rno tty, sheila e¢fech of 101 dR 5 annk
path. (0s6 ate ou. veference, aAr'stum Cdo = loom
of =30dR . wha [s the, allowable pth. joss?
@) Pree. Spuce Prop. rom =
pagedtton $=
“The. Pree. pace. _Propaqadin amedd| is
chen. ¢he s
asec 0p Sect ie hgen.|_sta-enng da
dacrmasmittga. clr. s1ece wen have
leas Hh Of = 3 inn cto. dB _
Jo Any C Po(co) | = ~3a dp
S Py = “32 tlo xy Los, (ino) +10.
Boo =
pares eee Osa Bem,
TWneel\awable. pat. Less = Pe ~ Poy
yok A \
“yt ia ) er
= BEOR tb
SUL6, 53 db
16.)
Sxplatm. the three basic parpagaiton -mnechemi s7ns
watch. _tempuct th<._prppagatert. of _sigenel| yor
Che mabile envision ment
Sj SPL) 4
Psp_ fs aw. Fumdaoendel Propuguttor, ome chni'sinm,
2 th, cle creases with. fncs
drsdumte. Pram, the, deem sam idtes,,TE Follows the lnverse square Law, larch. rmecras-
tha fb yoru clouble. the distance fram. dhe
|-Acimsmithet,- the. _sxqent\l Strengin. _becomes——
—On9 jaXjath, _
Athre lose _pecaas cree “to the Spread 25+
j-S-iganc|_swes- ta Large erect. css Forces —
ah TS) pace, —
Naibtpath Pox era ee
+ Maitipath pars pagcdton happens her Signals
dele. -poaitiple paths +9 Stecich de sie Cedvedy—
Wie to ste fle cttoms cigpere chin: onc. ou dch
es pang Ob tne sgona] tea ve. by —O bgecks ——
-raaqck Hae emwi's1a nament,
| tese com Mpie. Puths Cao. case Comsat sive
= al faucets ten ference sadiary slo svqeet
fadveny ciel _Pluctucieroms In__staena| _sboremgty,
Sheu fang t=
ha doutiensy ulse lyowm. as_sigmna| eldeemucitiny
yr puth. Less is the re
cose. b+ ob prades tm. fhe. propagate. path.
Buildimgs_,darees gmc. oth Ob steuctor2. can blockAe
_
=O
FAS Desiive. on. expressivn. foou cL ground. reflector
emote ssajay roy —distomce between. beansmntte7-
| -Cincl_steceiven_ombennl ts _wesiy laag e—compure-
pshery bts of the amtermas. an
po ntht two_suy model is also callecl aus goournch—
| BEE lechvon mapdel oe devo steep g sound sreflectibyL—
prracdel_oml it fs as ¢ a
| 7 —_
o> fe ~
a A
a. 7
—___| | oe hse
on q+ |
2 eemsiders phe divecs path as cuell as ground. —
MeElected. path between teams mitter cian
SEecetvesy
@_~}_E - Field +-
(er, {4a \\
ECet) = Bodo og
a
(
IS
ce] ---. Cae doy
Eror (d'.t) =
a!
Eodo co (# (= ay)
eT oS
a"
Eg Ca" yb = aC Bodo icoSA the Lats nk sieflech Comin i felecteuies cterbes that,
OQ; = A, _ oo €
Ey = Ter Saget eee .
p= (14 2) e) _ -
~ E=#lelcl polarrradron 1=
lEso | = | Ew. + €5| a... @ —
a) v
dE tor(d,t) = Fodo coy ( =d'\) +
a \ eS]
; 3}
ey 8 or(oett= ty
----@
Il he puth dtpyorence At
edo al = J(math)* ade — VJ Cie-heorh ad
ss Bo =d"-d' = ahehy
= ®
Ca = 2h = AWe
d qe --©
Td => DB _
e Alf. _- ~-@
ee | Esde| o Féede
[e224 ae] iy eee)[athe value. Of o1ecetvec_ eleclaiie. freld at trem ¢e,—
t =a Com. be. erctlucttecke ag, ___—¢
e
Ex (a > ty)
c
Bed caso {s' =e |= Eodo caro’
d! 5"
E- dy) i= ff
reves [fle esgs =i) 5 Bat] ae
Ey07 (4) } = Eodo
&
| B70, C4) | = Recto gpm (@ \
mT 2). -®
oe Atstamce Al Sve wm. the, toaster, fox co
two si0y Gzouncl. Sie lection. macle| is given by
Pe =P Qua, hil,”
Pl osI The siecetyve
!
|
; . .
L OWA. ct de distamece, OF 100 ton
— 18-5 mos} ol _cammamtmicatiow. Limk , Detesamin
Hae _sreceived powen ita distamce 00 Ry——
foe_the. sume (mk. Presume free spuct—
Pee petgenttong_am echam isn, a
| Pony = Som
—| dy = Loo wm
Fresume L =
Received, power, Pre ub cb distance, d2= 200K
The seseiveds power, Pr et JOO lm 15 given by
i Por = PeA@y Gn r® = Pt Gi Gio AB
Cunjidey cum? de
osx Tyo? = Pe Gp Gury
cam
te Ge Gu Ae = Fo
CuTrye
AThe necsivel power at 200 em 1's given by
Pye = Pe AES s°
Magid® (roxy )®
(Pa, = pec xe? wia
Wel Foon dhe mifer- edge. qeomeiouy _o fe Fig |-she
La ae aides Yn -Cpprrortanately Asm
—f ———terereay| a
: : jhe —
pe a
I ™ _
th
~ a ye | r¢
a — di 1
Aas
Ets gwen. thal
yo Rap 4
2
wr = p- 2
om
woe Os 2
‘as
Aeeee ony
fone)
w= Jan pt (ditde\] 2
a ate aide) | or
= hfe fditd
Withee
Fron Fig. Oe car. Wwsiite
ten p= Lie yee amd. Fema =
cay= =—h fais Lis dl —
———_||__ “dida
= bh =e farsa}
(dyad - - ---Q)
HY} aub A teudtoag Eq, @ inte eq. M we qehs
vw. a [ dide Ye [2 [aad ase)
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