izte 29|08/03 R
Aritenna
AMReceivexs -
HUNGTIONS OFReCEIVER:E
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ransmitte
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all oher Sena T is knaun OA
Seletiviy Receiver
To ampi the eleded Sera
-
Thio is
Knoun
4)To exac
a
sensiti Receiver
h basebandmodulah
Sna om t modualed shnal
To amplil the
moduloH Saral So
Operate. oudcheaker
AMBand 540-16So KHz
t 5KZ
Bu 1o KHz
IF:4SSKHZ
Gaurd Band isalowed
--
- ---- ---
Gaurd bard
AMwve ****"
Thexe are tuwo pes qAM Receive
Tund Kadio FrequenoReceive (TRE):
In
N
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heectnon hatuod
octot
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may be. 70 to 9
Exblainakicm
At haher AM band he Valu
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acicall acheinble du to ,
ass bad oREtunad
ampufer beome.wider Ond Sin
Gaud bad s alloumeoin
ha assband AM
o RE tune Cicw
this
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s knom as adecont hann
fnterferene So tunned Radio feua
freaua
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SulpexHetodune Receier
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fio-tse TFuss
1
RE IF
Amp 6p Mixer> Amb DetecbrAudro
Arnb
|Local
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jos5 LCas(ALatut tos(e-g}
GHanged 1unnig
t+ 2TF
Lofs+1f
2 43
CIC,
SS=us5
540 S4S 550 4S5 5k2
al o kOKH2
- -
k-ok t2
h Bich
to
tund
inde
AM 640 1645 16s
Circw K lbKHz-
uell Note- Sensitivity d selechtvity both a
hannd rovidud b
IF amplUfer
oblen 9. ng keepirg fro
w
aener 4s5 KHz than fs
So fma
L NCmfn
Cmax
Tmin= NCiin
VGmau
Cma tman 12
Cmin Ftmin
fote
S40165o Syo- 16so
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+us5
85-1 19 Sx Hz
Ca
Cmin
CmO
Cmin
995
210
Onar 196 Cmar 441
Cine Cmin
9ol (ahaaitor fTanir
44
CIF) fREOVENC
CHOICE OF NTERMBDIATE
Poin 1)Vet hgn intermediaBe
wil C t in au
poar Selecivily and
pOor adleceu Channu Seleio
=1200
120
-[oKHzS --
Poina) At Loo Valus od E mge
treaumo Rejecim becoes_poor
s600 klHz
LO 600 +Ys= |o SKH2
si S1ktz Tmage. Frounigna
So 1 k + IF+ 1P tI
Im i = fs t 7F
*****
- -
The ejeciomn magebeun
*
unned Cruit is ven b
here d Is _inage, ejek
Rato
Quali h facr
P
si
s= Towsee trauF
0ENCY r hlgh Pshould gh beta i s Pued"
and P
6 F Should be aM Wh Possi ble:
edeal ommsin or ommumiaten (FCC)_has
mge Recanmendad F H80-6 KHz
n Lnda LP=u55 KHz
SKH2 AM
Convetiond
CAtmlt1]Game
m)
m- Amn
AC
Ac-1 2ov
0S
-20
eki Amau Act Am 3
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Amn Ac- Am [0
3 .
59
Fyeaue
ueH Ubuall Vay dua to
Vabaaim
So inseod Humidiy
tempratu
edt ompmu ett
a
Caystod Oscrllabs usi an 0scillator
mus ba wsd But
th pabvide h Bu Sine
SD Stalbt Come foequs
is bossible Smal
trequm deviaH
2ndirch Method (Amskuna
Moclulatr):
m(t) Tntegak NBPM NBFM Frequm
Frequn wBFM
GEM
MHpler
Crysh
****************
Oscilata
AcCasu*
AtSintt Phase Shiut
Cryal Adde eFM
ASinw Ralane
Modulat cBSinttSinu
---~ - --
m(4)-ASinwmt
XNeEMlt) =
Ac o s t - Acf Cos(um)+ Acf Cos(t
2
****
****
.
CO
CiEle:
EHect Multiblie on Varmou hinga
) =
AcCas(ct BSinumt
J)= ACos(toe +eSinum)
Cos a+2sinunt)
Cos(2 +28Sinwm)
Cas(2t Cenalsed HU.
Wc NWc
R B
Wm> Pm
fm Pm
Af>2A Af mef
K MixeR: Multiples tuo
Sun amd dujfereRreaumcies tenruhe
treunciea
XFM(t)
- ---
Cosu
4)=Ac Cost+ BSinan] Cosq
** AC CosCwct)E +BSin Wnt1 -
t AeCoswc-t)
2
tf ginmt
ote hoveis onl mer treauAn is.
charig
charir GndieWctu) orlw- amd
al_other futr B n FAf_wil b
main Same
-
61
***
ConstomtE Band wdth Systeam:
FM Bond 9 * 0 8 MHz
FmI5 KHz
TF 10 7MHz
tnan): 7SKHz
B 200 kHz
Gaurd Band 2OH
ue Af 7S KHZ
fm S0 #2= 05Ktz.
BW= 2(7SH0:05) el50 1 kHz
tm= 5kHz
A 7SK Hz
BLO= 2(TS+5)= 16o K Hz
160 L.
* ******** *****
S o Fm is Cmstat Bw System
Statemant-Fmthu two etambles th B:w
Baae bandSrohaabten incraoed
by õotives
But to Bardwidth FnSystem is
incremed b less than Hnes:Tha is hg
an EM SystemisaoKnoor1 as
Cnstant BuW Satem
-*
B- 2(Af+ fm)
*
&w Af|
Ege NC. &
tA .he outbut dnb/iude also
and ireas
hert PM Siana
tom
-A fraaumot
th oh arrslituee
deneare in So
his
Vanatin uot Freqt
has
has
boen Overtad into
Coresmdu amplitud arMattom Th
amputuda amaltn n
Qn enyelopdetecor b duteærd t (2
BALANCED SLOPE DETECTOR
Slope
Cirtit Evelse
FM Defeds
DAVE
mcdulati
Sope Sigral
Ciruit Enveloe
Petect
bblo. huntal citutE
D
eta
FM
Vo D
a 6S
************************
O h. CKTis also knoum as
ippl tunned
Ciuit aS thee tuned Cirtuits are
tude. The. inpu uned CiruiES tuned aF used
Cames
freguung f t tunned Clruit T(s tumed
at ctof) aud is tunned atG-a)
hern(fin =f) then the io
porbvidled y
TT wi be Same Hene th outputr
VolHage. duL toTis SameaS due to T
bu in phase. oplposiHiom: So met oufu voltege
iS Zeo
hon Fn l o to (frAf) the olp
wi be b h h as
al Conbane
to oJP
So e 0P voltage wil be in fh pasite
didion
--
(4 Athn in is doe o (fe-af), then eMse
acHm will take pare ****** ** **
***
---
Fege ivc. 6
M ub
Foser-sile DISCininaBur
also Knoum as pha Shift
discmiattr hs method makes Wa
trauwng
Semes
Sersitive
NantE CiiE nd paovides
reguna deendent phase shifH
modulatèd SianalWhen tha bhase
Nfted sigra s added to the rttm
Oxaina Sigra) the resutan Senad
wi have amnitude
vrgis ith
trequbn
C
ww m
kVo Vin
in
Vin
90
fin-fr vo --
fin> fr
Cirruit is Resstve Cirtut is Thduchie
-- --
Vin
Cdit
C i tis apeaie
ap 667
G6
The esanamt tregumu Of thu phase
netusk is adjucted to the Camer
Shifti FM Sa Ahen the ferune
trequn F inoreaos and becones more
oi Sgro Vour become mae
han the esoan reunt oher
than that ar Camer trun On the
the ffewny decreaesand
hand When
beCcone less tham_ feVou edues Thus Vo
debends 0n te frequ /P Sihna
Evaantually h Fregun Vamatin oF iP
Qxe omvestedinto proborHima amplituk
Signals
Chamat
Adder bu
Vin
Vin 80 Vigee detond
phasesfF Phu
Shfte
---
VI you
Vou
>Vin80
LReistie Ctit
Vou
Vin
iG.
Fm RFC
out
+Vg
Va Na-3 V2 Nas
****
V3
V Va-3
Th Coubli opacitor G is usetu
Cople tha eNollta.to Setonda
e Contr-tabd ranstamer
T Cabaujtor Cs So chosen tha
FagE Wc. 69
m -
Cate
VoHage s s exocall g0" out q
VoHag a_at Hn=f
9 th the help ot Contes tabped arrargememt
Voltag a x e always 00
Outo phase
h e n An f Veclog addiHm o +Va
exauallt Similar to vectoa addiHn Va ad
Va So the met oP Voltag s zero
Ahen Fn 7 f eter addtm V43 becom
seates than Vect oddifian Vad
diode D mducs more wily as
Cnmpared Omd et ofP vo ltage.isin
the FOciHire direchim
hem nf h ReMse acttm takes place
70
Ratio pefacfor 3
5
T
M REG
m
V3
D
R Rg-R
The Rato detect diffess fom the Roses
Sil dsoiminat in three wayc
DirecHon o Da has beemTuesed
Melhod otakis the. oP o l1age.
3 A 1are Valu abautor Cg has been nc|uded
-****
Wokir Let Veg=lo volt Since Ra=Rs=R
So Votag VaR=5 Volt Desendt udon th
iPPrequmt ohta paut ltage
vea and Vo hanes
Vg Ths aho Change is
detected by theCiruit andhene the
name aHo deletor hen hin=Ft, in thc
Case both dbdes Da mducrs
qually So =V = 5 Vot and e
Ole Vo ltage Vo =0
Lhen to e Diode mdiuds ore
as omaed to g S Vak3
OndneEoP oltae u posikve
Cete:
he Anfc them dtooke Da Camducts
oTe.haias Combased
D Hence o
VVea andnet op vota wil be
Abo C . The Calpauty Co ovides amaytde
limitt henVin s Constam and Ca is
Chaged u to mairnum Valus then the
is 0 Cuent to Charge lischarae
Short duraim noise afects
C any
theiPShal Cause
then it wiuno Caue
@ny h4m to he Cletered Sim as hu
take large tmeto to Charga
chara
Caacit C wi
upto this VoHage
