ANGLE MODULATIoN
2rfetto)
cos(
Caliel Ct)* Ae c
Let xftd=9t)
Ae cos (ot))
ay
onmitthn calle as FM
clla s PM
Page No.
Date: /
PHASE. MODULATION
Kp phasesemoifiity
caiel be LV
FREQUENCY MODULATION
calle
bfore modlationfe
Hz
Hz
vattt
Sesity modleta
n FM messep
(Gomuon
C) mtt) =-
Date :
Assum mtty Am Cas2xfmt
dal
mox
FM
fmnff
FM
An cmmodli ca LMHz
molatin mm
trtttH
50y MHz.
for FM
2 Af kuo Kte f 6-4 MHz
-l)M Hz.
Page No.
Date:
L0V, 2gHz FM modla
by KH=/v. hdaf
Am lov
2 2MHz Ae= tov, Kp So KHz
valla
fmnfetaf 2MH
mt)
cet
f f p mty
whan mt)=- An’f=fe- K Am=f
f<fe
Date :
7ENERAL EXPRESSION OF FA
Calie ct) = Accos(27fe t tø)
=Ae ces O(t)
here 9t)= 2rfet t
dot) 2rf
ales Acasfo;lt7
Set)= A
dt
t
S;t) = fi dt
;(t) =27ft teal keytatt
SINGLE TONE FA
Asumme mCt) = Anm Cos 2xfmt
Amiafmtt
Am
Ac Cos 2 t t
Page No.
Date:
Ke Am
tm
ma
Accos 2nfett
FM
WBFM
NARROW RAND FM
SE = Ae Cos
Acosfrfet)-cstaft)-rxft
For NGFM A<) (amaeu)
(E) = Ae Cos 2rfet
Acas2r(fe-f)t+AloerleJE
mlt) A cos2r4ett
Am NSFM aledame elcept
fp componet
Date:
Ae4
AM SW=L
tA
ftfm
AM.
PowER OF NSFM
A : Rso
A AR
Compared to eM bacase
5)
Page No.
Date:
GENERAT)ON OF NBFM
SeF)= Ae cs 2rfet - Ap Sn2ft
Ae cas 2nfE-Ayatnfmt)
(t)
Am Cos exft otsatorf
|9o Ps Lo
Ac Cos2 f t
*WEDE RANA FM *
k PROPERTIES OF SESSEL FN
J-n(4)= J(a) ;n een
=- (1) j n odo
tm)
J. 4)
Date :
EXPRESS/ON OF WBFM
yENERAL
u a
f jnt
dt
af t
en dt
2xfm dt= de
t
2f
tifm
Page No.
Date: /
SwaF C)= A )Cas 2x(fetnt
Ac Jy (A) Cos 27
Date:
weFM consesla fupuem comborant
AiwwaFM
Fos WSFM
wsF contoened by loue arcaAilabamd.
feant Aidabaanot kidhes adler diabamde a
nfant
POWE R OF BFM
--+sR2ts&i tfe + fases +fuss a
AIA)
+ AcJ-()+ Ae J ) AeJ,)A
2R
JA)
e=A-tg)+ItaIp)t---1
2Rnoo
=A
Cfox waFM powe modubn
Page No.
Date : /
tRACTCAL RANDWIDTH OF WeFM
(aceorlp t cazsota Rule)
Atnal
Assum WBFM
RW
osdles
2(af f)
Date:
ODOLATION EFFICIENCY
2R
WAFM
by a dinssisaf messap
SMHz
volt
2SoK
SoK
2(B+Dfm
Page No.
Date:
Am 20v
|B K Am 19(waEM
NOTE 2R
An F
Ae=tv tMHz -s8twaFM)m2KHz
I6KHz
bott
*Af: ke Am af =i6k (No
2R
* NoTE
Date :
wo FM m
A cale
fm
acucad to L KH
|KHz
24Af Kp Amt af = 32KHz
tm TK
Bw= 2(+)fm 2133xtK
2,733>K GG KHz
A c a n s fageny modudalad witt
(weF)
- 22U KHz 2 2MHz
Page No.
Date :
c(t) = Scos 2 T t , mlt) Cos y X10t
3) both mt) ad cct)ae wsed to gemata AM
fte Css 27(1014 Xo)t FM
enpiaaien.
Ae fvte TN=To0 K
Am Iv,fm 2 2KHz
(19)
coffiamt
bofk AM t FM franaThe forpn
Date: /
battt Ar2Fm sbectiim
afe 2xf
fetfn
Ae e J,(s)
A
Acaies Ainal is FM maduklal bya sinaiala!
atth Am 2V
casad
Aecondte ugcmpnt becoms o
Page No.
Date:
fmKH sAm ov
A t
for frat
KP =J2KHz
Volt
vott -fm 1KHa
sr: 2a Am Am-s
An wnoodulstd by 1oD Watt:
Jotyy=t
J. 34)= oy
Jo(S-: 0-36 J, (S)0.2
2
Page No.
Date : / /
2R
ciy fe= A A)
2-R
For eFM
T00 W~6 W
84W
AeJg)
2R
200J,38) =20nr Co-2y? w
GENERATION OFFM (ewEFM
i Diect Method
DIREeT METHOD
mtt
vco
Page No.
Date :
Veo
vara elas
mt)
RB, Wt. +
mt}
INDKECT METHOD
NSFM
mtt)NSFM SASFM
Moutto
Cos2rft da
Cod
Codn9
Page 1V0.
Date:
SNaFM
FM at
St) Ft s"Ct)
A l0v
2R
fee 20MRz
R202
tm a 2 KHz.
af
2R
deceasad 6
Hz 2n
K =
1200K 2o0K
mlt)
delaclo Amp
mt)
Enveloke SAME) Ssut)+
Tuned
DETECIOR LOPE
every
PLL eaeßt bacaus
se metho PLL
demodaton
FM
FM
af Generally
fa
mtha? PLL
ataclo? Ralo
Desemenaion
method Phae. (5)
meltiod Deseminatb
Jemodullion
FM
/ Date:
No. Page
by
`ynhaoigcooc
nas home -n
conoy Lmc
vey chanes Ainal oFM Ina
[veof
9LPF
mtt) t
PLL
balamea
ahane
tuasl the do
that conbeesiom
2V
m)
Date:
Page No.
Date:
wi Le
be changed cosdeto
AhouloL
woknPnloeked mad
Vco feedba becas tis utt, no.
fet zofoun mtty veo zhast
AA
2.
Act)=SE)- t)phase
PLL ca a aken or to make det dhoulo
ydma/.
2
2 n t)
Date :
H
LPF YCt)
dt
dpettj døt
ott t
FT
Rut
