enami modulated

When
cho with
eaiesTemamy
t.an onst tud e
o’Hmpu
wave Came b)
Nodulatm
a withaccordohee m var tomade' Jhe )
the uhich stocess
by
Modulation: uemy veg
hee PeSuate
moèse and powet
rommission is FM
moYe cohere blaces a
almost at
ied.
Tn Pouwer amout
b lauge cases,
mot Wherest
m So%,. fn(Yeased
to y becom Pouwes
Powet mitationo hyeTangmission,
We AMLn
MooULATION FREBUENCY
 motical, Pebreseiation of MJ
Am cos ml
mt)
3nbmt )
mt)= Am cos
mit) Modulatin
wmt
clt )= Ae Cos -
CAnery. clt)= Ac Cos Ja fet

st) = Ae Cos - 6

F M

4 the insTantancous

fujtti fe tkmlu) - where K= Fresueney

ENOw t k) di () -omt)
filt) = dDt)

dt

fit)dt
d 27ftt kf Am Sinnfmt )
fm
n =n G,
st) Ago2n fe t tm kf Am sin (37tm t) )
frn
Se) Ac cos wtt K Am sm Wmt
fm

Wheie, pAm AFie frequeney deviadion- It gra

-the manimum de postrse oh nstantomos breguny n
Fm. wwe m Crñe Breeny (f)
’D'hheente "between modutated
tregiony
omd eAmAf Menimum deviah
fm
Moduation Inde

measned n oa dan
’ßy aways
become,
S(t )= Ac Cos t + P Sim uot
 OfMPLE SDUAtiWs
Cos )7 font
Cos An fet
Carier Wave ftermoduakm,

Jnatontentiu Carries ave

Frequemey seait iy
kr- freguon modulatot
Unite Hz
Volt
Vouw, Cases!
0 Nhen
mt-o
( when m t)= tVe mtl=+Ve

(S when mtl-Ve

mtt)ve
oriation
Tn frequeney Mo dwatiom, he NoltageCerTesþon
messaae (simal arre con verte d s ding
Srnal Vomm, &o
Conve
Calle d
Minimum deviatim
NOw; Maw'mum

mae deiatim vale

Lox mtt) = Am 5for min dey

frnane fe+ Kp Am tmin fe - KAna

 Frenuane Deutatm
Here, Er Am = Af|e

deviat akm' repres Dnt.

Af ke Am (Maiu
instntanenu freny FM
manimum departure of
he casrieN ware
Nave

fmex -frmin

MODucotion Jn deu:
to the -moduathn
Patio of manim um
2ney he.
Frequeny davidh,
Mlx. deviat'om
Bor m

B can be
frm
fM:D'bb borms
St)= Ae Cos fet t KË An Sin (2
fm
st)= Ac cos C)n fet t A sm (an
st)= Ae Cos 2n fet t mSmn fm t))
S) = A Cos [ wc tmp Sin Wnt]
 mudulatisn mdeu.
portant bolnts Jue fM WeNe
side bandu hawmg
mfM deides oan
the
dtw
totol mo
"
deide
1.
rgits Value th an
erceed
NoTe PorNTs: as welll as
noof side, ban ds
Ca. has in hínite 3 breene
Cagiet a s d t only
Ist two ( Side b0 ndf.
Side band« n fm ane
J AM, nceased dotu of modulatm mcreases fbe.
trnmeted
Side bom d pouJed henco t e total

mreered depth oh modulation mreaie the

Jh fM total powey emamy Cond.
Band uidth but the
Reqyuiud Sigmal
compoment of FM
tigen Values' Jhe corried IModutat
ely duiappemdote
Coh Conploabk or Such vaes ar
Eigen Volues
 |Nariow BAND FM AND
wIDE. B4ND FM
eneral eepression oh FM;
Fmt]
JEt): A Cos an C27ft tB Sh
Based on dhe Naue
two
OP' There areWlde eAN
a) B<I= Noow b) B >1 = fM
BAND FM

NoYow Bomd FM (NBFM)

Geneal emperion fmt]
SN.BFMt) = Ae Cos Cn ftt B Sm 1R
Cos At B Cos ACOSB - SinA SmB)
(using t)= Ac Cos nft Cos (pSm r fmt]
Sit SN.FM
San Small.

S.(t)= Ac Cos 27 fct x 1 ASim 17 fet x B Smn fmt.

NBFM

Cos CA-B) Cos (AtB)

+ Ae P(os (17 fet t1fmt)

Carriet

UsB
Ueneral ebre ssiow horf NeFM) Amy Same
etept &0° shase eevsal at LsB
 Shectum:
te-fm.

- Aß

Bandwid th'
Bw upPE BAND - Lowen BAND

Fe+fm - (Fe -fm )

Bw
owe;
Nowy P. - Aeomiet(ms)
R

R
Pse- (Ac"p)mr
4R
P- Ac
 NDtes' ) Spectrum of both AMI B NBFM G gome
eicept (8o' phaye Shyt jor LSB m NBFM
) Bandwittu powene bote u lame. (ie
Am yNB fM).
jrento tton WBFM due
So, NBTM IS Ces pre
Sinmìdauitie
aAM'
|NiDE BAND FM
D Reþresented Using [BESSELS FUNCHion+7
tieneral representatou oh=Jn)= (usmB-nb)
e
Be ssel Fmctim 7

Properties of BE sIElS Funchim

() J, (u) decerease as 'n' mealey.
e J,() > J, (w)> J, ) >3,)

eveh

J-n u)+1 J ()

)
J, M)= 1.
Spetum N.ß FM
J.,t ) J, u)
7Jylu).
In4)

mcYeas es, Vale

decease. ban dt and
myyte sh side
comes'2ero at m
aly be
Ji (u)
9 J,(u) Ist 67 des Side bmd
J-s (u)
J, tu) 1ud oder side band
m an FM sig nal seperaed
The side bandi heve
fmt) 3fmm
from coart ier by

Bomd widTh
Biw of we FM
4enesab
for tsmiui
be bond, trnited by relaim iny al
omponent elmnath
equi ne'es.
 n frequinties ave those whee
Contauw
0,
of sind strengw
Ajter Bond sinitig!
ave

To deu de the sintd jrea uenc ase

Was Solved by Canssos Gule.
euleuBFn entam
Acc to CaKo
r der (p+1 y
reuene side bon ds up to
ule
Bw= (B+1) 1f

ouwer o wide BanÇ tàM

 A
2

usimg

Ponny.
Band widtw
NB F .
fAM 7h e )

Bornd uwidTu y more tbm powet, Bo ty

S cey
 C,omParIS oN of NB FM and wBFM|
OMadudatiow
Inde l) B>1
WBf M NB FM

Ma desat

eange Sotz to IsKH

Mo Modulat
im inde 5 to SbO

Band wi G'tu
Is tonean Small
mose tham Am (Sorne,afm)
Appicatios Etertammes FM nobiLe Camnumiah
brondcating ke
L'ce poLe,wYe Q,
monine, ombulaea le
Sound