Integration Concepts / Formulas
Chapter 1
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Specific Objectives:
1. To establish the connection between the two branches
of calculus: Differential Calculus and Integral Calculus.
2. To explain the relation of Antiderivatives and Indefinite
Integrals.
3. To carry out integration (indefinite and definite) of
basic algebraic functions through the use of the
fundamental formulas.
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Integration Concepts / Formulas
Definition
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Definition
Differentiation
Function Derivative
Integration
Antidifferentiation
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Definition ~ Example
Differentiation
Function Derivative
𝒚 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕 𝒚′ = 𝟏𝟎𝒙
Integration
Antidifferentiation
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Integration Concepts / Formulas
Symbols & Notations
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Symbols and Notations
න 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝒅𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪
න− integral sign
the given derivative of the unknown function which is
10𝑥
called the integrand
the differential of 𝑥 ; this tells what the variable of
𝑑𝑥
integration is
5𝑥 2 the particular integral
𝐶 the constant of integration
5𝑥 2 + 𝐶 the unknown function or the indefinite integral
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Integration Concepts / Formulas
Types of Integral
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Types of Integral
1. Indefinite Integral – integral without limits of integration.
Example:
න 10𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 5𝑥 2 + C
න 4𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑥 + C
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Types of Integral
2. Definite Integral – integral with limits of integration and
with a definite value as answer
Example:
2
2 2
න 10𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (5𝑥 )|
1 1
= 5(2)2 − 5(1)2
= 20 − 5
2
1 10𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 15
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Integration Concepts / Formulas
Basic Formulas & Properties
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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas
𝐹1 : 𝑥𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑𝑎 + 𝐶 , 𝑎 is any constant
𝑥 𝑛+1
𝐹2 : = 𝑥𝑑 𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶, for 𝑛 ≠ −1
𝑛+1
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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Proof
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
1. 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=𝑎+0
= 𝑎, the integrand of 𝐹1.
This proves that 𝑥𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑𝑎 + 𝐶.
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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Proof
𝑑 𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑 𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑
2. + 𝐶 = + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥
𝑛+1 𝑥 𝑛+1−1
= +0
𝑛+1
= 𝑥𝑛, the integrand of 𝐹2.
𝑥 𝑛+1
This proves that 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶, for 𝑛 ≠ −1.
𝑛+1
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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Example
න 𝒅𝒙
න 𝟑𝒅𝒙
𝟏
න 𝒅𝒚
𝟐
න 𝟎. 𝟒𝒅𝒚
න 𝟐𝒅𝒛
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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Example
න 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
න 𝒚𝒅𝒚
𝟐
න 𝒛𝟑 𝒅𝒛
න 𝒚𝟒.𝟓 𝒅𝒚
න 𝒑 𝟐 𝒅𝒑
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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Example
𝟑
න 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒚
𝟎
𝟐
න 𝟓 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Example
ORIGINAL INTEGRAL REWRITE INTEGRATE SIMPLIFY
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
න 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
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Basic Formulas and Properties
B. Basic Properties
𝑃1 : න 𝑐𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐 න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑃2 : 𝑓 1 𝑥 + 𝑓2 𝑥 ± ⋯ ± 𝑓𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑓 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ± ⋯ ± 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑓
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Basic Formulas and Properties
B. Basic Properties ~ Example
න 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
න 𝟒. 𝟔𝒚𝒅𝒚
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Basic Formulas and Properties
B. Basic Properties ~ Example
න(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)𝒅𝒙
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Basic Formulas and Properties
B. Basic Properties ~ Example
𝟏
න(𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕)𝒅𝒙
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Basic Formulas and Properties
B. Basic Properties ~ Example
𝟑
න (𝟓𝒙𝟒 −𝟒𝒙𝟑 ) 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
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Basic Formulas and Properties
B. Basic Properties ~ Example
𝟐
න 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
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Integration Concepts / Formulas
Problem Set #1
Chapter 1
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Problem Set #1
A. Apply 𝐹1 or 𝐹2 to solve the following.
1 න 𝟒𝒅𝒙 6 න 𝒙𝟓 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
2 න 𝒅𝒚 7 න 𝒚𝟑 𝒅𝒚
𝟒
3 න 𝒅𝒛 8 න 𝒛𝟒.𝟏𝟑 𝒅𝒛
𝟑
4 න 𝟐. 𝟓𝒅𝒕 9 න 𝒑𝒅𝒑
𝟑
5 න 𝒅𝜽 10 න 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
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Problem Set #1
B. Use 𝐹1 , 𝐹2 , 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 or combination to solve the following.
1 න 𝟒𝒑𝟑 𝒅𝒑 6 න(𝒛𝟒 −𝒛𝟑 + 𝒛𝟐 − 𝒛 + 𝟓)𝒅𝒛
𝟓
2 න 𝒚𝒅𝒚
𝟐 7 න 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒅𝒙
3 න 𝟐. 𝟑𝒕𝟏.𝟑 𝒅𝒕 8 න(𝒙𝟐 −𝟓)𝟑 𝒅𝒙
4 න 𝟕𝒚𝟔 + 𝟖𝒚𝟑 − 𝟏 𝒅𝒚 9 න 𝒚𝟒 − 𝟐𝒚𝟑 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒚
𝟑
𝟐
5 න(𝟑𝒙 −𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 10 න(𝟓𝒙𝟒 −𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟕)𝒅𝒙
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Problem Set #1
C. Find the definite integral of the following.
𝟐
1 න 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝟓
2 න 𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟐
𝟖
3 න (𝟑 + 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟒
4 න 𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕)𝒅𝒙
𝟏
−𝟏
5 න (𝒙𝟒 +𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒)𝒅𝒙
−𝟐
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