: Per Code: ES201
Computarionat Metnops ‘ Bhes Code + E5208
UNIT-4 :
© Taylor Series:
xt) = 1G04 4) + AP BOD NPG
Ark) 4 AEG 6% 7 te
veka GO ra font of 2 RA i small
Another form: CExfarsion about point x= a)
BOD = 4) + O-9 $@ FOO De -..
2
24, “Find the tefamsion of fog Cirx) about x=0
Hee, a=0 and OD = degC ox)
4) = Hog Civx) £0) =0
$= $@=4
BO = = 1 "(o)=-l
Gey bt
A"GO = 42 KO= 2
Cee
BOP = Lge - oF xO) eae.
sO) +
a t
Sx RE fata Road
ee
Q hind the 2eftnsion of 40> sinx about x=0
Hee, G=0 and $= sin
$2 = sinx flo) =o
£1 = cox Feed
4D == sine f'O=0
f°@ = - cx f° = 4
Ginx = $009 1&-O f'@ + 6") See Lee
Denn 2 HK wh DLE.
Bay 71
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerQ Cenk $6 = QP Te KHL tn pourta of 2 NF
(09 = ACY + Gea) ZOD 4 bxcod” ==
{= Head 1029 4 becad" (MD +
doe, a =D flor 28 aTxteed
AGO = UF 4 TO x= | jo 4s
41d = b xP Hx ed $12) = 53
4°) =x 9 14 4D= 33
RCD 212 fle"
f= 4s + (R-2)S3 + GoD BE + GB I
te as 3}
D Od = 45 + GDS eG 2 Ga
i @ Expand eX abeut x-0
Aor ae azo
geo=e* gor
grd=& sol
> ce bexteet een
a8
Q Find Sid waing Teylan's adn by Aahing foat Heer tonne only
400 =
forry= §@ PAYOR POD os
goed whe por “k we ytlk)= 2 x
z
Ak x24 od heb
fs)
fled = FOO IG fou anh
= Ze pot
sate
= G4 rBb-l = 3.16 2037
216
~~
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerNOTE: A Tiler Swia comseiges rapidly cans He poink of oe ang
; Upusly meade Jak remot pour :
© ERloR iN a SERIES APPROXIMATION ¢
TIE AGLAS [ad « COMO REA GeO. Hae) + RG)
Gd = fad tna) fi) eatiy' Ss 4
whe &, (x) = &=a)" 4*(6) hin acecx
wl
8 60D be abproninntad by fab terms, Hen Rn Cx) is the
moximum 2ei0% in the obbxoeimation. Ase, i aceusacy iA premsigaed,
oe ele
tremble: Gnd no. of terms -6{ vnponenkiall ditries uch that -afpsonimabion
is poreack afte 4 dacimal pla at x= 4
ee lax ex tate Stal CERO
21 3 Crd!
whee Ry OO,= x” $rle) o
n24
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerQ@ fw =
|
see (TPR Bir amd find He fumeindey, term &
tegut 09 un Of ret.
“4d = en
$e oe HO
' =. Ul = Wye Ly
Be 2 OR
“Oz 2 0
¢ ap > $'@) = 4
qo =
al
2
x x
; Rite gs
ty 3
R= 2 4%). 22x TE =a
3! TE vey +8)
[RsGd = 82 = maximum albdeluty 28.0%
(e+2)”
w8e know Hot OS xeh D> OVS PEL
Abe, OosOSX FS 2 6 Bo 6 24x
2 2 < Grey Or"
(2x0) > 2"
a a a
Gat 2
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner1 OEROR Caffrenmat’) in Mu effrosiimalion of a function’
> by Taylor's Aves ,
; Axe 8ed= 460 (60 JOO + (af $0) 4 oe
2
Now, ene in qe 84s flx+ $x) 409
«(Hore tto 68 HD» --) = 40
= Sx filo + GxF p00 GT f"GO +--
& $x $ld
Simelaly ape ge fg) Ahem
84 = Bf Se + dh Sy + bz
Fra dy %
Axamble 9 Te 25 fh find Fea esio on Teessanponding io the wo.
of 2% in Land gin conshnt.
T=2x/%
Sj
> sT= fl) se
20 Be eb Ge
ae
Wj we
ae
ST. x 1
Toe ae
i
z
a
x
sl
$Tx 100 = Sox
I
mk
’
hs
»
XN
-, e994 in Te 1% s }
(& scanned with OKEN Scannerre
@ Rorte's THEOREM +
© 4 4% continuo jn Cob
@f@® exis in (a,
© 4-40)
Ham, va euits ab Leask value of © Jin (a,b) duth Hat $'CO=0
7
Rolle’, Treehem Ge sinx in (0, ¥
| aay fox $0 Sax te
© Cd = sinx
ae
tusckion is, eontinupus in [0/7
@ p= Seomactie 2 Mexasinn
eg x
é
BO ved in OD
O {+ smo so
2 > £0) = 4@)
y= Sinn -
fix Sp so
2 {=o = $ Cescn sinc
or oer.
D> Wc =Sinc
tan oe 4
cay free Ow]
= Rolle'c Thr 2 wesapied
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner@ Beihy Rae's tan fam fod = GI” oe Lob] alle
© 400 » eontiugus in Ca, 6
BED= mead" (bY ned” Ob"!
241 wish in (o,b>
© $= Go" Gy 20
£©- Gar Hp” = 0 ro
> © ={®
J 4'=0 /
> mle-0" eb? pn (6-0) CB" = 0 |
mm (e-0" "Ceby Ln (cad e-B
m (c-b) = —n (c-a)
mce-mb = —ne tha
(men) © =|mb tha
D Cs mbsne y+ Ce lde)
men
Gener , Relle's Tan in voufud
4
(& scanned with OKEN Scannerar
© LAGRANGE's MEAN VALUE. "THEOREM +
© 4) %& Lenbrugus un [a,b]
OPO wh in OW
Bum , Huse DW alfleout ene ssalue in (a,b) Auch that
= {O- £0
m boo
NOTE:
ORalle!s Than cam be dlesived from yam value Lun ley taking
4@= hw
@ Mean value tum can Sse clerined from Taylor's cates
fend = {C0 + A POd
2 faye fGePs bh
(eth) - x
example : fod = OGD an (0, %)
© 4d & conkinugus in], 4]
04: CADGD 4 x62) $A OD
2 410) modal im (0,4)
afr EdD cle-D + ele-D
eae A2e+
= Bere +2
2 ACO =$O 2 4ODO
eS Se
12c% 2c+5 =O D> c= a de 240
2 0-236 , 16764
Die € (0,4) 0-236,
h Fe MNT i s9eteepied
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner© Accuracy Or Nunsces :
> Abrkoximate NumBeRs :
4.4, % , 487
1-333-~
13
1-433
> Sionimreant Dias :
Fase ota digits rjmig sith the Lapt-madt men-due ligt and anding
3 © 198475 -©
G 108-0097 -@®
© 600798 ~@
@® 2-00 -@
© 0-0073%100 -©@
® 1090 -@ 2 |
(3) Rownd OFF ;
A 2-73 527 | ATA 23
216 > Vs 7
RISsLs
26s 226
(AD TRUNCATION ERQoR / CHOPPING ERROR :
FRUNCATION ERROR /CHOftING ERROE
276) 2-7
270 227
(SD ABSOLUTE, RELATIVE and age Eneon :
Let x Be He tre wala and Bethe abproxinats welar of me. x.
E.s Ix-x'
absoluie exrov =
gelahve error = Ey = I
x
Maye emer =, = [KON] clo = Eerlo0
NOTE: ONiselis -5 os units roharess talahiise amd % ogg ertor dent aise
: =
OA Annis. is eersact to nr documah pleas, ert = 1 (1d)
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerGamble: Round-of to 4 aipficad cla & ford En’, B
© 865250
@® 37-4 6235
© x'= $6200
X = 865250
Eqs [x-x' [= [ses2so -ses200) = 50
Eye So. SN x 10%
Beszs0
> Sy xo?
® x's 37-46000
X= 3746235,
E, = 0700235
| Ey = 0-00235 = 6-27x107%
| 37646235
6-27 x 1o7*
© serve Mernons [Raves Te Fino Esrimare FReots a
decimal dui
294, the abfeeniarads alae of = multe X asrg
bX, Han 23
@ fa dus 4 truncation to R-digits =, (patel. Qate ee
]® Ex dae 10 Pmeshin te KoAgils = =| Zone
nk
(CB) Ee dae to wound off bo Redigils = 1e-x'T S $0 /
. veh
@ fF due to youd of fe hedights = | =X" gL x10
“Of rumen in eapsank fot n-sipifceas dts , thin amare sabatine
wor £1 (10)™
2 .
1 8 mumbo is otsack to de becinal plases, Han nie abuolatt
was $1. 0r"
2
Q If He numer 0-00 545828
@ trnedted 46 3 dp
@ vowkd Bo
(& scanned with OKEN Scannerke3 in
WX = 0-00545828 = O- 545828 x107™ > 3
x‘? 0+ SHS x 10> *
iy
g
Ex = Ovooes2e tov? = Qegabxio® < 1079 =L10™> 4 i
kes .
G2 X= O-suss2e x10
F aT
x! O:S46. xlo s
f
210
5 ea
= 0-000172 xlo*= O-172x 10 Sgn?
© Sovwrion OF ALseBRA on ThanscennenraL EQUATIONS OF ALGEBRA and TRANSCENDENTAL guns : |
Thue ou 3 melted |
© Biatekion method |
@ Seeant method,
© Neuston-Rabhson anettiod -
© nrermepiare = VALUE THEOREM
3h} fun’ go w Aonkinusus in [a,b] amd flO $04) <0, then
Huse is aileast one 0 an ohd mumbou of real soot, in (a,b)
© ORDER oF CoNVERGANCE / RATE OF CONVERGANCS
4 [Xm al < cl xa-al? |
ov
Vie col ne}
oalate G0
1
tise» He aptual Avot of He equation £C:)=O
and %n wo He afpoainak Root of $0)20 at n™ dteh
andl cp ade Lonstenta
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner@ BisecTiON MetHop :
Y
20 sorrect to 2 db
Geawbfe: had a yoot of the equation — x? -4x-
de stop when ml < 1 xl07 2 0005
2
| JOO = F449
$@ = -9 © Cw)
| fds -12 Cved
{22-4 Ce)
fo) = ¢ (ew) > veot Lin Aetuseen @,3)
Step® a =2 b,=3
m, = 223 = 25
aes
{a> 3-375 = Te
ars a= 25, & b=3
So® m= 2513 2 UTS
ford = D719 = te
Dass 2 nv b=2IS
SYD my = 2025
fom) 2-8
> ac2-62 & b=) 50
we ge or wD Joga, ~My © 0°005
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner@® Cowvercranice ANALYSIS oF Bissenions METHOP ¢
Rote
24 conooganee is p if
ben sal ce
(en — ect
© Aust 4: bt J be 0 -conbinews function in Ca/b] amd |
Ff <0. det 400 os a dual reat in (a,b) Zhon
[a- mel bia | nw 2l,2,3,--%
2
Usher om, = One + ban
=
Pus Lan Myre K
noo /
Proof : Since x Lied in thy dnterusal (aj) and oy ja mide
of {a Rb) Aron , >
Vomit $ bea
la mal ba |
z
V axe ong\
!
: |
> la-m,| < boa ed) 3 Fee 7
wea ! |
fiom \oem,| < Ban ba -0 |
no yee
D> Lim |x-m| 20
noe |
fr, (em) #0
i nh, <0)
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner@ Rutt 2: Orde of conndaence ob biushion muthed is p=4
Proofs Aunce | ot-vmal & boa
ed
Loa-m,,| £ b-a
Lama ‘gba gh DE 7
ya-m al 2 b-a
len oy
2 Ordan of, comsoyomet = t < Anant
Remasck = OReke of eonserganet is Sirens
@ Asyrpickc 2905 conslrt < c= %
@ Caer ok any iteration is Low Han half of the Oaer ab the
puvicws uvaation
® Rest + Show Wat Phe wininn me. of iterations N of the bisistion melted €
fer which abscluk Ae bb len tam 290.04 tolrance is «
NP eed tae «
‘
Poof lam) 2 bea ce ‘
2 «
400-9) Nog? tage :
4
D> Nileg? = Cagle) ~ Loge f
N 2 fea (o-d ~ togc
tog 2
example: fs + cored. dt baed, nd He min.
war of ihations if permite abuoluti user Cx) ix o-r95
Ne fey agen > W232
He. 2 Munimum iteration py 2
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerRPO = xet-1= 0. Mid comml rood flo t dp
Ee ee TO ma af Pass de | One ||
0 oO \ -ue +08 Os ~vt 3 os '
1 Os, 1 =e HUE os +0t 0-25 Oo 0-25 |
2 |@ | o7s J-we | +e | ols ue o-125 Oo ones | |
3 | 0 | Girs} -ve | sve { O-oc25} +H 0-0625 ° 0-0625 | |
uo | occ] —vef soe | coms 4ve 0.03125} ° 00325] |
(@ SecaNT METHOD ;
af
Lau =~ Con), fl |
660 flnd
x
@ Conversnnce Menon Aanysie ok Sear Met: eee
[Znn{< <¢
[En lt
whe p= (lads) = 1-618
a (a) YK
ce pHs [pe ee]
Sie Wa koe
don order of consdrgerer= p = 1-612
This amethal conuschyss feo than disswkion moRod
> Thi mahod deo mek convdys mecautes bub i conierge , cb eennga
fests Ham Leusekion mulhod.
d
(& scanned with OKEN Scannerenh: ed Me ack eussuat to 4 cainal paar. 2
fisee xe = coax : 2
[Xe— %eal < by 10 “= 0+00005
z
4k {© = eOpx-xe™
See@ x =0 xt
x= 7 Gene), 2Gy)
80-60)
Pais =o (ws!-0
Gre)
oma
Vr eal
= O-3I46T
Stee® Kye). X22 0°3I467
2X2 — KX) fm)
6G) 40
= On Ate?
Sree 20-3167 Kg 20144673
Fone 0-519 86 Qos 020992
wy 2% (SOD) $a)
po for
= 0-53170 [xs-¥al = 0-0849
SerB Xg- ty — Fyre {oo
§)-$69)
= 0-91 64
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner¢ ‘
© Newron ~Reeson 's_MerHo :
|
NOTE 2 98% ao ta soot of He apiahion asith mulbblaify m, ton
Zn = hm —m fOw)
Ue)
® ConverGance ANALYSIS FoR NEWTON -RARHSON 's METHOD 7
63
D Rsymbicic Bees constant = “ets
example: Bre te Hels of equahion xe*—1=0 clow te x=0-5
eosuct te 3 dp:
[xm = tne | S 0-005
Ster® X= OS MF Xe = $e) = =F 60-5710
HiCd= Keka (Ge)
I = O-0710
gree x, = O-St10 v2 = XO) 2 0.56715
gio)
[xp-x)| = 0-00384
‘e ~£GD _ 9-56714
92 5611S xs2% £9) - 6
ste * 60s)
[X3 —x, |= 010001 < 0- 0005 |
2 offrox wh = x, = 0-567 1
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerQ 400 =x3 72 tex upto 5 lecicad Hace >
xeesl
m:2
Ane Fn Hh Cm) fo- Bx? -14x% +16
b Ga)
£yr0¥ < 0-0005
Step@ xo=! m22
Ki = Xo MEG 2 te GD. IS
goo s
[x.-%el = O-8
Sieb@ x, = 18 m=2
wg ches $0209 HIKE fxg vil = O° 18M
: See :
Sep Bx, = 1-846
ae (0000) =—-= 1-998
= 19M #2 aD
Ixs- x2] = 0-0]
Ae
se@ x4 = 1-14 75
. 0005
0001 < 07000
[kash = °°
= [IT
> abprox nook t
—.
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerSimte Xner = XH Bae
& Xn 7 ht Bn,
D Wthan = Ente - Slat En)
bx En) 41
> Enn = En — [peo ¥ egies 2 prcos-— i] (using exe's series)
pee ee eae
a.)
[teed enghed + es 2 gies
$O=0 ved vue sok :
D Ean 2 Oy LO + be gilde- TD Ef' Ge epieenrl”
= E> ce [eg te frees gers T°
= eee ae Le I
2 FO
Corin frome)
{0
“ho fCER ER oot
Ener = 1 be $8Coe) + 6 (6)
7 gia
2 ot ea [y o> 0]
3 4
L pitted |
2 |
iS oO
d
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerOne Varies _minimigetin Unconshicined problem (vnimode@)
Gon minima only
OFibonocci, Methed
@ Goren Stevens Method
® Newton Method
@Freonace! Metop
This mattal is an abimination waltol of intial suduction mathed
+ Function mat Le unimodil
+ MF usu Fiboracei numbss. SFn¥ = £1,1,2,3,5,8,(8, 2, ----F
FesFi, Fa, pone S
> Fehr]
“Tote no of iterations fof oxperimanh saqudd Aan be he difinad Lnforehand
+ Leg = La,b d= Snitiae interval of. asncertninity
se al disard ome. fait of he nloal and. corn seduced
inlBasel in cack Wevaion ~.
@ Stes To SoWE USING Fiponuncct- METHOD + &
St Given Ye vid inital df uneatainty < Lo [a,b] and Let He no. of
| axhurimonts Be R > ee Fae
Bay neh | | 5
‘$2 To find x and xe
Li* = Fea cle
Fr
xe ark sar hat
Fn ,
x7 b-L* = b- hal rete b
ayo as
Find 46) and BOD) , deel}
Bh fd < fla!) discord “Oy bI D> Reda od Futesrseh Cadel,
HED < fled, sea A) > Reduce Sylersal Ty, S24
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner= Loved ov [x,,b]
Stb3 find,
Li emume Le = La, x3 es
Locale % in auch uy Ha eink two expinanls arc L5* Birtowes opeak pen
atthe ns of ba
BK Bd 406) assuming the function i aatinedal
Disord the a,
portion of He ivitiswal 40 find Ly and conte Bike this
oS oe .
han wnidpoint Ln will fhe the obfreximate betnt of minima
Sonfle Vind the rivimuonvalue-of $GD= xP 2 thin owteroad 1-3/4]
hod He optimal ocbue within 5% of Me axact yabiie ~
Leng of fined nthrwel ¢ 5S (57
2 Dog eid nad 100°
cs Sal
2b,
oo
Shri CV 23988 oF
ne
DN=G Cminimuve) ~
@ BANENS Loess] jase “Yusgthef bez b-a = 4-7
CBT find «, gx
LX Beer
0 = By = 3S = 2- 6903
7 re 3
35. 0+ 3077 Z
= = [.3077
$20 = (-0-3077) 422-b7) = -0'5207
{= §(8-3077) 242255 DditeMOnn, 47
fet >
Srotousal E> 3,
~ + 24-3077
4
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner® i
Ls= BL = aW=h
3 Bb an Igis4
a 0307 Xe
pao 13077
as avls' say igen cpaye > “2
$08) =~ 6.9521
peas, § Lx
didand (%/%0]
Rudused Served Loa]
&) ba = 2-642
bxv) = - 0-479
& flg)a dard 1%)
400% ae Anne
ty tly xd
& To pid x5
Ig ef te =1CP =6.5385 © °
F 3
Xe 2K, LF
= 0-462,
Diard Cx, > j
faduedd Queroe DS, %i]
tee Li3oue,, 093077)
Rl, > 1 =6-Sse5
Ez 13
Xeo xga he
= — O+B461
$650), == 00976314
4 (5) 0.976345
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner® Gowen Seen Meriop? eras ara i ee
"Goren Ratio ble
= [GIS or —0-618
Sters of method
St Ly=Ta,b] , reno. of tips
St Las Fal, = bin os te fea, foots 1 bo
Fe ae" Fa Faw Fy ¥
ie Tle
Y
me, Paale 2, = b- Lt
Gi) < ZG) discard Cx, b] a:
$4 Reducad Setensaé Ca, x1 >
ofravine discard [a, xz)
Reduced Srtonsdl Tx, bi
d
(& scanned with OKEN Scannervnble: Moning YO) Are tT elt in [oy 1T that 'E ON
St
= 4:0 bet) = Lo
L* = t i
Y
X= atk. 0.31982
x,= b-4* = O.L180I7
4G) = 11-6953
§Grd ele. 2 999
dlseasding C0, *4)
O-b181 >E
Ll, =b-x, =
fink Xa
So Te
| Lo = L& = 0-236
_
2X, = bolt = 0+ 7639
Os) = Wr0l83
Reduaad int
Ly = X3741? O+382>E
$4 To find xy
us ae +1454 5
|
| lis) glia) 2 diveatd Gab]
xy 2 mth = +5278
gs) =a > $9
aond
at oT, xs]
To find »s
vei
lg ot,
= Ks bs*
Xe He
&
Ly = 010162
xs
(x5) = 10-9611
fs) < plu)
= 06737
pant DX /%)
ary [%, xs]
“0 ul
= OrSar 0-381952
0 osu Ouse
a mb
sf sito
Mrobde yo aint
Lays]
ree
onstle ‘ 2
Ly 2 O°2361E
Osi O80 o.6n7 gi t6x
sno 7634,
Xs Xs
Ls = Os145B S,2 V6,
ie)
eX tad
“Elf
Fal
{05} =-Ar-a 2a? 2242/7
FAP Qa
4 246) 6 5 -2+24 span!
2a,
To chask if Xx iB oftinam y+
PhD « is 3 2 [3 1?E de
“> xq net obbnun
se® x-p) mf
ae Jor mvloginihpy BARA
= Xe
“Eyal
yor
abs a
gos) = Sar Boe i
“26H = Lor -Z20 > 2°02
aM
2 feoe
xs eee
To chuck 4 Xs 4 optmnys
_ cat | » [22 76
8 Be ber ey oe
nat optima
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerSrotting, Careain
Peghe, 20
© Lxig x 1ZE
: | socd= ste) <é
gO
ty, A quads
+f al foude oo
METHOD
@newoer METHOD _/SimPce x ba ot of wal ft an Meee
. Suna Te Gamal bee
in « BD shore
ok sopelan [seer dinkanee, it is calf a dayelan
ean ned apace se Rae 3
tafe.»
+ To gprrate 0 Sajulan ailing of te te
' wr jah ee 7
HiFX + purt fil ees can)
i
ne
Xo B omy. point & “
Uj a anil venkok 19° 8, Wot 0)
“Hu valsies of He obyeilive
«70 (usually tohin 1)
Conbrodtion » pst C+ » 4D
Edpucion © Byrn Cv 0 2)
ed Fe Bey t
ot
Git
itt
«Steet ReFLection feocess
Ope X + &(%-%,) |
Sree
5 gCxe) >(&,)
Go to ste} 3
«sO \¢
D 5
co 40 skp
4
(& scanned with OKEN ScannerFf en Tee fe
{ INSION Faces,
je eae
Xe eK 4 y (x4y-D
3 C8) < Ce)
Peflace xy, swith Xe
thse
Peplaee XK wilh xy i f! ELAel
Conr Rect ion Process
Chak $C) 4re)
Lb x’ = min f p00), kh
Mos K +pGx'-k) , 0K p £09)
Kee Xe ty (&r-*)
ke ; EN [2]-Es] 4
(& scanned with OKEN Scannerf(%) = 56-75 < §C@)
Bn Se
Fi - is x3 [4
Ne Snbte X7 Hef 2, | Ee]
6 (x) = 80 <4ks)
Ba) =S¢75 o |
(6G) (4 oy
© scanned with OKEN ScannerUNIT-2:
AUN cE
INTERPOLATION:
ast wollurs of 2 $20, hay as Xn
2 yef@ ond He vob of YH
Fe ee fink vtrrese--eset en Be bra ob tan Oe
y for on x in Sie, Yad call inkepion onal Te pron of ig
oe :
+ Suerfliion is Bead on he comsspt of diffsanans of a function,
Lab Ha faction y be tabula for equally afoncd wrtate of =.
xxoth
Sek ee eel
flan Hane ane dome ‘ybe of difgeremess
©Forward diFFERENCES (A?
Agy = BYsn -Yx
By, = Ayres ~ Ayy
diye = gaa, — Ay
x1 4] Ay [ary ay AM
Xo | Uo d
Ayy= ye
47 890
Le Bigg by A
x] g Pavent BNE. oy tty ty,
x Asses, Pod Bs Ag iy 8
a arr £84,=d4-By,
Xa] gy P Aiegets P Biya Mis bys
4%, A x 3
a =I ee fee Bt ay
my =4] Qiell k Bye -5 Re
wea 7 | ee POF yes gel?
x3210 | yy=t0 [ApS ?
4
(& scanned with OKEN Scanner® Bacxwaro Dirterences (v7)
Vy = Ye- Yea
Wu = Wye Vyyr
vie hy, age
4
x IPY vy |v’y v4 virq
fe | Yo
x | yich Mare yy Dye Oy
V7ys Vi OL oy 05-74
:
V4 = Tye“
x | yb Marden
Xs | Ys-f Mise dah
Xu | Yy Vy YoY
V4s= Pys Wye
Vy Myx Ws
a * Va [ag vy
rool | Ig, oo
x24] Ul ae : Wye vy
ge ya Vp .
x3 210[ lo $27?
@® cenmear_Derrerences. (8)
S¥y =4.-Yo
S¥o, = no
Pid
x] Yoh 134 t sy oy
Xo Yo : ;
Sy 2 re Ob kes :
x] y= 9835 By Sy, <8 43
Sy eh 2a! Si
Xa | de "% Sty, = SU -Syy,
Xs] Ys Pat ee ale
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Acos2x = cos 20th) ~ cob2* ) |
‘ = ~2 (eae) sin(sate?
! = =2 sinfh)sidexth)
Beesrx = A ErGinhdlsn ox)
= 22sinh ALsin dain)
= ~2sinh sin 6x420)- sin eunle.
=-4sinth cos(2ni2h)
Ress : Be hoes Mises. fol por gun» a cov a
tag onde liffsren 7
differences of a ipechon tbe at equally sp rol se ose,
We funchion 2 a poljronial of digas n-
+H uae hase , payromial CX) = an? Ann) x” Myonl- 2
than ni order differance of f= AT L(x) =@n xnl xf
’ Samples ind 10% ovdave diff of (I-ax)(I-b) (i PMI-dd)= eat Heo |
=a
© Ramasks 94 interval ont aL, Han 1 onlin ge il be
: abed x lol |
FactoriaL NotaTion 1 : |
A broduct of fomm “x G-NG2) - ~- Genvrf) 9 dunettd by ExT% and is |
called 0 foctoriak ive xGx-Dle2-- Geri) = ExT"
> Lxl=x
Ex? xG-)) Q
TxBs x DQ-2D
rome: y= 2P—3x%43x40 Exper Hh Hon in the foctonial Jorn. |
La? bE chd ed
= ale -Dx-2)4 bxle-eex +d
= xtra) (xD) 4 bor etd
= ax ~2axtax™-Dax +bx?-bx+cx rd i
=@)x3 + C2a-lrb)x? + -b +Dxtd
acd
Ub =-2 20th =-2 Sba2012'= 3
c-be2=3 Deed ‘cian
d=-10
X
sccaall
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utes $22x7-3,2)35-10 as foe form and hance ford APG
a abst + bLTs ceded
> axla-De-2+ baled recta
= atiata2atitax + bxt-bx FOC d
= B( 42 BargjexCa-d+o Fd
= 28-32 43x-10
© asd
-Basb =-3
ob =-3430=53 ‘
*b=3 ;
Qo-b+c=3 3
C=3-Rath = 3-443 =2
=C=Q
-d=-l0
Dy o Lx? +$Lx+ 20x] -10
Ay = 6[x]° + 6Ex] 42 Sti :
Ay= atx] +6
> A‘y =12
@) suiet overator CE)
ERO = for
EEG) = { G<42h)
£7 RGD = 46-4)
EB" BO) = fxeeh)
AVEHNGE OTERBTOR (1)
nh? GleA) wfoo¥d
2
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OA=E-4
@v=1-6
@ S=ee-e*
@ p=: A (es e*)
© A=€V= be VE=3E%
GE=e 1 b> Alera of foat dura
- Feeh of ©
ARGO = £lerh)- JO
EV (@-E[{0- fe]
= 4GHh)- 409
SALW
BEML) = Sf Oxy) = YGcahd-400 = 8400
VE $6) = V fin) = ig JY =A4O-
Hones Proved
Que Shows Yaak
| Ay V4
LHS = X&y aus = 7 Ys
= EY 4 = G-ey ys q
-@-1-3et30)y, = EMBE*SBET-1) 4s
= Ys-3yy +3y, —y, = Ye B3y.t 34,2 Yo
= LAS
Hence Proved
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()newron's conusey pusesewee _WrexeaaTo !
dat ext bh ox ps =e s(p any jan runbto.
[a sarge ha BD we Hand Cyr |
7 ;
Ta fai a kg tan fy sn te agai MS (
ord taknelalig He alu of y 2 Ltr ip Ot of # ie ‘
@nearon's Ghowakd Deemnce hrereuwnas FERS |
Lb x =x, eh
[ae>sye + bre ep Wate" | ; ‘
ty ond of He Sebe
Thin formule is ned for “ultrpolating values of y near PM LE of
- ing val of yo Little sit cs
Cane
62 {>
y | 2 | is | 2 [2
Find vahue of 4. at x= (925, 1906 1926, 1956, 1966
. Fi
ae Sead Tad fous. = Fife
w 4 Wyom = Aes
av WO Z
1921 6m “= 2 oe
a Soe 5 OP
1931 20'S 4 ce
> ee as ce
\asi 3a fe = \ :
wer ba
yore? xsl yo = 12 Ay, =3 Ny,=2 Big 0 hy 23
1=\06 AX 2-10
4
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21 4x3 xt
£ GOSPEL? FNC D(-10)
TS xHaB aR eens
= 14.53128
%
X=19S —-xya1921 Yor !S y AYo =, ys=2, Bye 3, Bgo=-7
b = %-% = 1925-1921-0+4
A lo
4 (1925)> 154 O45 + DEO 02 + ODOM) x3 + ODOC y (D
“ 21 Bee ABD
= 17-2432
® LAGRANGE'S INTERPOLATION FORMULA S
Ris formal im for wapally afecsn vals of
$09 = exe) ~-- Gorn) $e) + Coxon) bom) {4 - --
Cora) == = Gam) Ga) God Ged ©
me = $C) x ~) 40)
XE)
ee 0 I Dl,
yo [2 3 12 {147
Find. polynomial $62 which fits above dake auch hee find f (>
X20 MKpedn, eae SE aS St :
Yor? yredec Waele yest - > Os
4W- GCDGDES) 2 + LEDS y 3 ¥ Ke DL-D) x12
ED C-DCSD OEIC @LIKED
+ AGDED, 147
Swi xd
(2 ~9x2.41Tx=19), 3 CRTRHON _ QxB~ (2 HOX) 448(0-DHDW)
1 Bunt) wx, 4 ”
8 (-H45 ~4o 448) +32 (32-105 + 2004) 4.x C4048 150 /-200) +40
AS Coheed he DEER OS ADS? 488 rhs 4160-280 ) + he
uw
20 el
= 2x? + Wot ~-20% HHO
7 [Poss]
= O4nrinxed
4
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Aree
fornia, Jo dame
Bh How cubic helonial Hak taka YM vasa
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chest cfg) OTE Grote! “Sie 2 i
O -2 > “ass =mfuxi] NO Bel ened po) as
34> apt OES lege HM
=| Ig > we ested - ta ie > 0
7 BIG > Bee habe) UeGD = 2
33 76 .
{aah polywomadl sea of lg? in ord durded diff ruiat be -
Acc to Newton's dusidad differnes
4@) = ye + Gnd Loom) Gx) Dror d+ hess
= 24 GAD 1B + DED CH + DEED
= ADH1x-18 + CDE OP 2)
SH De lex 1B —Vx2*@ HA HIB YAP +I UH
= 2x8 7x7 45x52)
@ exon pelyenaat_ Slepelation a
gy oppeoeee abparirek Mar fin’ $00 on on intrusel Lab by a
anaes fo G) Ban ores ble {6D K pol: wet? Le © ah anak nodeae
i is Coen vote the mo of modes “werent , Hare ds’ he agfeemeit |
pole the potyromiad o(2) ond dM fuckin (0) woroptat thy med if |
Ma Jurotion wan't Continuous.
GB » oenio) abwoit' y Hal sdinhelactin 46)
oe eae x Lee pucan ies
ok We 60 Xt M2
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4 €, G0 = 400-fO) = anb () Ro | Fe@s
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ee I nei] forme m2 pd
fe £0018) ¢0-00025 (
©) Gin: £Ed=-4, plD=3, SO*S
Made unique -poloni) a i Akt qui dade ond for Ate beund
on He saws I
E.Gd=t £2 Ome) ex),
3 ri Meolccnce)| |
6
me |
() = P= 4x43 x |
1g) edxt-$x¥3 3 x= G48 = 2-252, O-4SI4
6
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sIDTON COLES QuapraTuRe FORM ee
es oT ou shan fo) tab A value Yo/fi,-*-¥" $08 Xor-7
sath be
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— I {dx = “Fycow i
ak xg= Korb > da =-hdb ‘
DI= "l forbd-bdb :
zh “Shee sbiddp 4 ‘
= Yeo bbper BD y=] ap Nees fm 5
Alege se oT
21h |» cs by. tnd) Bye al
TRAREZOIDAL RULE
) TRAPEZOIDAL RULE
Jak By evar Porous $0 Cro, 4.) ond (x 4) ae 4
Bbaigt Car
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' fAye= yard
=h [yo ty
Wy if e
Ae = byw ee “ye =k Tone 44.)
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Yer a
:
ee
Le & “3
Nie" oo e
te 41074
© Soesoi's Ye tue
“Sperm 2 S [eres Wlgrter = tHe d Agere]
Nore: 9 should be ewer.
@® Simeson's 3" Rule
(=
f{oddx . & [yin Ysa y+ oo Hea) +3Geteqe—) |
NOTE iY) ahoullh be o amubtile £3
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a SEER
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4 ‘
‘Je axe a4 [ire oon (ere ‘ne )42(0e" 2]
x 160546
ol
3
= 0°53515
Qe n=6 A=6
(esyeaerenetier
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z
=0:5351S
Q Solve loons: eae big 0.
a0 bez = 10) $55 he.
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x2 02 are
x220°4
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9 "S (sion - logy +") Ax uaiing diinfeon 's %% vube
SS The not
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é
Xo =O-L
X= OW
ey Ob
ay sos
ie
yeh
yeh
Y Giecteeve)ae = dale yd 2(y)+ atyryat yargodd
an 3
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GAUSSIAN QuaraTurE FORMULA +-
Thesis anequilly, speand isalass of
hb Wax = Zvi)
voy cou weigh on ay one eliciin
Fow n=2
Syoode 2 wy BGs) + ws fu)
wemet Ae, eet
SE et he
Fev ned
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w, = 2. %,28 y,- oe Re E
aN tia US ea a Me EE o%70, x
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y= My roaugs Me Wi=Des2i4 , 2, =-O-BbIK x =o, a3q9g, 220338
120.64
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2
2
For x:0,ue-1 & a,u>1,
‘tS
he
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_ fpdda = i fle ws £0.) 105 f 8)
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et fa 2ueT + 26667 + 1.3246]
q
= 0-694
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Q % eax oO: 6Se*
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ef ( IR) Eel Bl sg)
eon oo ’
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=“ -3 4 wn g =P ange
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1
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AK? 2 | a Te fea| = 8.78 less
beanies 2 |e ° 0-67
oO 5s -4 3 | 16 - 1°92 -2
AX oe ans 12 —¢}lo.ag |= | 10 +8 6H#ee] =
20 Gy 0.67 220 182+ B34 Ma
© System OF Lyweag Aro#BRnic Fevations t
Oy FO, ET ~~ On Ree be
Ce ee Oo oe
a
Omi + Ope Fo ---- + im Ly 2 bye
om spations in n vadialslos
«ton be wiilfen ag
> Axzb
whe A =] 4S --- Sm X= Be be | &
Be wy | a b
E a3 (a) [ |
Exicteonee of Solshion
© YH te rummbex of sqations (mm) = ne Of audknouns (n) and al
Hu equation ax Pinsandy induhinded, Hon Bas aysten of aquakions fas
Unique solutions |
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X)e-% +2, =O
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ee Soi Te
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ect
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Ly —Tkp 2x5
Qe eX + Vay = 12
p Ae fe] Ly]
3
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8 Voges
0 8%, Me | -5 |
Drake, " 3, | 10
RS at +s
2 Ry Rat
8 ec alels
Ee
° % Ve
eo, {182
° ° m4
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Bayt lis = -S
B
sex, = 100
a q
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alunsk ond 40 ers
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at a i er yell gd
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eedion oltaiud fete he, athual solution . Hoaperer plveting can be Med fo-
gh We eshsuk ion.
sg. 2X, + 100000 x, = 1e00 0,
ay + Xa 2
veka re ideoss a
' 2
fe oka!
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O-60002%, +2, = O* Genet
Hl 4X_ =D
0-948 XL, = B LRA
Ly = | ehgas _ p- 00002
06 q598
Lr = O- 48998
@Gauss-Towdan_Memod + A |
Yo woh Ato idevditey mabe tin ad he
one dsseAty bed value of
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