# Lecture

-
-
26 #23 .

erg Uncertainty Principle -

-

⑤
Diffraction of a beam of by a slit

-
↳ The Ist minima the pattern is obtaine
of
for n
=

d Sno =X

*
e-hate passed through the slit , so

the uncertainty in
determing the position
of i =

xY
-

.. YSiO =X
o=
-

Initially
*

the e-has component of momentum along X-axis

no .

After the slit the

eaquin an additional component of momentum
along y axis .

If I is the momentar
of then the y component
will be psend

The
e-may be anywhere within the pattern from 0 to 0) :
So -

0py P SinO-(-pSind
=

IP Sin O
=>

oby
250
=

·: *
py =
.

2 Si

2h

- E
I
#iation
of uncertainty principle is

① that
-
Argument >
et cannot
e
exist in the nucleus is

Experimental observation show that the

etincn atom posses <4 Mer

energy .

22 p .

= t -

I
Ro A Y
op
10-3 R =

Ro= 1 2
.

fesril

A is nucleon no
<p-10-20 kgcal/see .
-

let
say A =
64 ·

oT
2 -
=

Jull & =

12x15 x 6
s
... 2R 14
10
-
-

to
10-
~

* 6x1519er
25x1
~
10 ~ 400 Mer .

2x9X 1 6
.

This indicate that cannot exist in the nucleus .

② Minimum energy harmonic Oscillator

-
of a ->

Let particle execute simple harmonic motion

*
say a
of mas m

along X axis .

The uncertainty in the position of particle is 82 ·

:p
E
=

Then
uncertainty in total energy
OE KEt PE
:
=

OE
D ECO
=

OE= I b (ox)- ①
smcorst
-
For ox
,
let us minimize this energy ,

E =

- +

box =

+m(x)3
**

(i)
:on =

put in

=-

size"
i
(me)"
(E) IEnte
=

= It w
e
Ei zw

③ state energy H atom

of
OE =

GT +
OV -

= =
P
- (a) ⑦
zm
-

-
d
e

for minimum
uncertainty -

& E
-- =8
d4q

Eas
o
=
-
+
ra
=

= 0 .
0532m .
[Bohr Radius]

put in 4-

Empty
r =

(
=

13 6 ev I Bohr enegy]
->

- .